Contraception is the only topic from which question appears in all pg entrance exam...so u need to be thorogh with it....I have created this ppt to simplify this topic to u...hope its useful...A.A.B
Recurrent pregnancy loss is a significant redroductive medical problem, influencing 2%–5% of couples. ... Throughout the years, proof based medications, for example, surgical correction of uterine abnormalities or asprin and heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome have improved the results for couples with repetitive pregnancy loss.
Recurrent pregnancy loss is a significant redroductive medical problem, influencing 2%–5% of couples. ... Throughout the years, proof based medications, for example, surgical correction of uterine abnormalities or asprin and heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome have improved the results for couples with repetitive pregnancy loss.
Multiple pregnancies consists of two or more fetuses ,there are exceptions to this such as twins gestations made of a singleton viable fetus & a complete mole.
It is considerable cycle variability in the adolescent years. Regular ovulatory menstrual cycles occur every 21 to 35 days and last up to 7 days, with an average blood loss of 25 to 69 mL. Many patients complain of menstrual problems that actually fall within normal variations. In the first year after menarche, 50% of cycles are anovulatory, but 80% still fall in the normal range for duration. By the third year of menarche, 95% of menstrual cycles fall into this range. Charting the menstrual flow on a calendar can be helpful to clarify normal versus abnormal cycles. Cycles that fall outside of the norm should be evaluated for underlying pathology. There are multiple causes for abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents, the most likely cause is dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) due to an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, causing an ovulatory cycles and irregular bleeding
Obstetric emergency which can kill instantly !! - PPH presenting to ED, so what is the role of Emergency Dept ? The most basic presentation of Obstetric emergency and how to tackle it? Being an emergency physician, obstetrics is always challenging! Keep yourself updated with Obstetric emergency.
Multiple pregnancies consists of two or more fetuses ,there are exceptions to this such as twins gestations made of a singleton viable fetus & a complete mole.
It is considerable cycle variability in the adolescent years. Regular ovulatory menstrual cycles occur every 21 to 35 days and last up to 7 days, with an average blood loss of 25 to 69 mL. Many patients complain of menstrual problems that actually fall within normal variations. In the first year after menarche, 50% of cycles are anovulatory, but 80% still fall in the normal range for duration. By the third year of menarche, 95% of menstrual cycles fall into this range. Charting the menstrual flow on a calendar can be helpful to clarify normal versus abnormal cycles. Cycles that fall outside of the norm should be evaluated for underlying pathology. There are multiple causes for abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents, the most likely cause is dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) due to an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, causing an ovulatory cycles and irregular bleeding
Obstetric emergency which can kill instantly !! - PPH presenting to ED, so what is the role of Emergency Dept ? The most basic presentation of Obstetric emergency and how to tackle it? Being an emergency physician, obstetrics is always challenging! Keep yourself updated with Obstetric emergency.
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.
family planning by Rupam Bhowmik.pptx will be help full for NORCET EXAMRupam Bhowmik
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Exercise Testing in Cardiology : Dr. Akif Baigakifab93
The testing modality and protocol should be selected in accordance with the patient’s estimated functional capacity based on age, estimated physical fitness from the patient’s history, and underlying disease
Several exercise test protocols are available for both treadmill and stationary cycle ergometers
Patients who have low estimated fitness levels or are deemed to be at higher risk because of underlying disease (e.g., recent MI, heart failure) should be tested with a less aggressive exercise protocol
Treadmill and cycle ergometers may use stepped or continuous ramp protocols
Work rate increments (stages) during stepped protocols can vary from 1 to 2.5 METs
Ramp protocols are designed with stages that are no longer than 1 minute and for the patient to attain peak effort within 8 to 12 minutes
The natriuretic peptide system works antagonistically to the RAAS and has favorable effects on the pathogenesis of heart failure
Natriuretic peptides are broken down by an enzyme called neprilysin
Neprilysin is also responsible for the breakdown of other substances, including bradykinin and angiotensin II
Sacubitril/valsartan is a combination product
Sacubitril is a pro-drug that, upon activation, acts as a neprilysin inhibitor
It works by blocking the action of neprilysin, thus preventing the breakdown of natriuretic peptides
This leads to a prolonged duration of the favorable effects of these peptides
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of total deaths globally .
Atherosclerosis plays a central role, with early fatty streaks progressing to late complex atheromas
Vascular calcification, the pathogenic and process of ectopic bone production, specifically was shown to strongly correlate with degree of atherosclerosis (both calcified and noncalcified)
Vascular calcification was shown independently to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
These associations, combined with the radio-opaque appearance of calcium hydroxyappatite on CT images, have led to extensive investigation of the quantification, or scoring, of coronary artery calcium (CAC).
CAC scoring has emerged as a widely available and powerful tool for stratifying cardiovascular risk, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding preventive therapy
A coronary bifurcation consists of a flow divider (carina) and three vessel segments:
The proximal main vessel (PMV)
The distal main vessel (DMV) and
The side branch (SB).
A bifurcation lesion is a major epicardial coronary artery stenosis next to and/or including the ostium of a significant side branch
A significant SB is a branch whose severe narrowing or acute occlusion before or during intervention can cause considerable ischemia or a new infarction area that will worsen the clinical course of a particular patient.
Other important elements to consider that are not inherent in the bifurcation classifications include:
Extent of disease on the SB (limited to the ostium or involving the vessel beyond the ostium)
Its size (over 2.5mm in reference diameter)
Bifurcation angle, and
Disease distribution
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction remains one of the
best prognostic determinants of survival in patients
with coronary artery disease (CAD)
⚫ It was originally thought that dysfunctional
myocardium after an infarction was irreversibly
damaged
⚫ However, it was later recognized that some of the
involved tissue remained viable and contractility may
be restored with revascularization
HCM is a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally
Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
The distribution of HCM is equal by sex, although women are diagnosed less commonly than men
The prevalence of unexplained asymptomatic hypertrophy in young adults has been reported to range from 1:200 to 1:500
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defects occur either as an isolated defect or as a component of a more complex lesion
It occurs in 50 percent of all children with CHD and in 20 to 30 percent as an isolated lesion
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children
Second most common congenital abnormality in adults, second only to bicuspid aortic valves
They are more common in premature infants and those born with low weight
VSDs are slightly more common in females (56%)
Patients with peripheral artery disease who have undergone lower-extremity revascularization are at high risk for major adverse limb and cardiovascular events
The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this context are uncertain
Most common cyanotic heart defect seen in children beyond infancy, accounting for a third of all congenital heart disease (CHD) in this age group
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Bentracimab (also known as PB2452) is a neutralizing recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment that binds ticagrelor and its major active circulating metabolite with high affinity and specificity
Chlorthalidone for hypertension in advanced ckdakifab93
Chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic, reduces cardiovascular morbidity, such as the incidence of stroke and heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality
However, its efficacy and safety among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease remain poorly understood
An acute illness caused by an autoimmune response to infection with group A Streptococcus, leading to a range of possible symptoms and signs affecting any or all of heart, joints, brain, skin and subcutaneous tissues
Amyloidosis is a group of protein-folding disorders in which >1 organ is infiltrated by proteinaceous deposits known as amyloid. Amyloid involvement of the heart (cardiac amyloidosis) carries the worst prognosis of any involved organ, and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most serious form of the disease
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. - It is defined as no. of contraceptive failures per 100 women years of exposure
Pearl Index = Total no. of accidental pregnancies *100
Total months of exposure
3. Contraceptive Method Pearl Index
No method 80
Male Condoms 2-14
Female condoms 5-21
IUD 0.5 – 2.0
OCP 0.1-0.5
Centchroman (Saheli) 1.83 -2.84
4. -Married couples with wife in reproductive age i.e 15-45yrs
- In India, there are 150-180 Eligible Couples/1000 population
5. -% of Eligible Couples using one or other contraceptive methods.
- CPR of India = 45%
- To achieve Net Reproductive Rate =1 , CPR should be >60%
6. 1) Rhythm method/ Calendar method/ Safe Period
2) Basal body temperature method
3) Cervical mucus method
4) Symptothermic method
5) Coitus Interruptus/ Withdrawal method
6) Sexual abstinence
7) Lactational amenorrhoea method
7. -Programmed Sex i.e abstinence required for almost ½ month.
-Suitable only for educated people.
- Days near ovulation( Day 14) are unsafe period and sexual abstinence
should be maintained
8.
9. -Rise of body temperature occurs by 0.3-0.5C due to raised progesterone
at time of ovulation and again falls
-So sexual intercourse should be restricted to post-ovulation phase only
- Limitation : Abstinence for whole pre-ovulatory phase i.e14-15 days
10. -Also known as Billings method / Ovulation method
- Method : Wipe tissue paper inside of vagina.
- mucus characteristics at ovulation : Watery, clear,profuse,slippery = Unsafe
after ovulation : Dry, thick and tacks = safe period
12. - It is the only method which is 100% effective
-Man withdrawes Penis from Vagina just before ejaculation.
- High rate of failures
- pearl Index =18 per 100 woman years
22. -Within 10days of Menstrual cycle since during first 10 days cervix
is well dilated and chance of pregnancy is not there
- post puerperal within 48hrs of delivery or after 6weeks of delivery
23. 1) Must have atleast 1 child
2) Must be ready for frequent follow ups
3) Monogamous relationship
4) No h/o PID
24. -MC complication = Bleeding
- MC reason for removal of IUCD= Pain
3PM DEVICE (Mnemonic )
Pain
Pregnancy due to failure
Perforation
Menstural disturbances
Missed IUD
Difficult removal
Expulsion "spontaneous"
Vaginal discharge
Infection "PID“
Colics
Ectopic pregnancy
25. Causes : 1) Thread has torn
2) Cu-T expelled out
3) Cu t perforated uterus and entered abdominal cavity
4) Cu T deep in uterine cavity
IOC : X-Ray/USG
Gold standard IOC : Hysteroscopy
Cu T visible in X- ray due to presence of BaSO4 coating
Rx: Laparotomy
26.
27. Polyurethrane Condoms have a longer shelf life and can be used
with Lubricants.
Latex Condoms get damage when used with lubricants
- Pearl Index : 2-14
-An airfree space must be left before use
- 1 condom Should be used only once
- soon after ejaculation, male should withdraw penis slowly holding the
condom firmly against body to prevent it from falling inside female genital
tract
-Prevents from Sexually Transmitted diseases and HIV
- - It can lead to contact dermatitis in female
28. 1) As condom catheters in males
2) Used in Post partum hemorrhage as condom Tamponade
3) After vaginoplasty
29. -One end is open and other end is close
- made up of Polyurethrane/Latex
- Should be inserted just before intercourse and removed after 8hrs
so that spermicides can act on it
- Pearl Index : 5-21
30. -Occlusive caps shouldn’t be removed before 6-8hrs and shouldn’t be
kept for more than 24hrs
-Disadvantages : 1) doesn’t protect from STIs and HIV
2) May rarely cause Toxic Shock Syndrome
35. 1) Monophasic :have same estrogen and progesterone composition for all 21days
2) Biphasic : 1st 10 days : One dose
Next 11 days: other dosage
3) Triphasic : Dosage changes every 7 days for 21 days and the repeats in
next cycle
36. 1) Start from Day 1-5 of menstrual cycle
If started after Day 5 = backup contraceptive should be used for 7days
2) After MTP/abortion : Can begin immediately
If started after 7days = backup contraceptive to be used for 7days
Note: 1st 21 tablets are OCPs….Last 7 are Iron Folic acid tablets…..7days
OCP free period should be maintained to allow for withdrawal bleeding
37. If missed 1 or 2 pills = Take pill as soon as remembered
If missed >3pills = Take pills as usual but use condoms as well for 7days
-If missed 3 or more of these 7 pills
= Use pills as such
Through IFA tablets and start
fresh from next week
If any of these IFAs are missed
Throw missed pills and
use as such
38. Ethinyl Estradiol = 30micrograms
Levonorgestrel = 0.15mg
Available at Rs.3/- in market
Ethinyl Estradiol = 30micrograms
Levonorgestrel = 0.15mg
Available at Govt. health facilities free of cost
43. 1. T = Thyroid autoimmune disorders
2. H = Hirsutism
3. E = Endometrial carcinoma
4. C = Colorectal cancer
5. O = Ovarian cancer
6. B = Benign Breast diseases ( fibroadenosis )
7. R = Rheumatoid arthritis
8. A = Anemia and Acne
9. S = Salpingitis ( PID )
10. U = Uterine cancer
11. F = Fibroids ( exception is submucous variety )
12. O = Ovarian cysts
13. P = Pelvic inflammatory disease
14. O = Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
15. E = Ectopic pregnancy
16. M = Mittelschmerz , Menorrhagia , Dysmenorrhea , Premenstrual Tension , Polymenorrhea .
48. 1) DMPA ( Depot medroxy Progesterone Acetate ) 150mg i.m once in 3 months
2) NETO (Norethindrone enanthate ) 200mg i.m once in every 2months
SIDE EFFECTS
1) Irregular bleeding
2) Weight gain
3) Prolonged infertility
49. Subdermal Implants Include :
NORPLANT 1 NORPLANT 2 IMPLANON
- It has 6rods
containing 36mg
Levonorgestrel
each
- 2rods with 75mg
LNG each
- Single rod
containing 3-keto-
desogestrel
- Replaced every
5years
-MC being used
nowadays
- Replaced every
3yrs
- Acts by
thickening of
cervical mucus
Acts by thickening
of cervical mucus
- Acts by inhibiting
ovulation
50.
51. 1) Yuzpee method : 2pills with estrogen 50mcg each
followed by 2pills 12hrs later
Or
4pills with estrogen 30mcg each
followed by 4pills 12 hrs later
2) Levonorgestrel 0.75mg within 72 hrs followed 12 hrs
later by another dose
3) IUCD : within 5days of coitus
4) Mifepristone 600mg stat within 72hrs of coitus
5) High dose estrogen
6) Centchroman 2tablets (60mg) twice in 24hrs within 24hrs of
intercourse
52. Note : It doesn’t terminate an early pregnancy
53. -It is a permanent sterilisation method.
- Micro-inserts are placed in fallopian tube = it causes foreign body
reaction @ fallopian tube and thus causes scarring around micro-insert
over 3months and thus leads to blockage in fallopian tube
54. Nova T 380 is an intrauterine device made of polyethylene
and wound with copper wire with a silver core.
59. Barrier Method
Since HPV is an important risk factor.
HPV is a STD and STDs are prevented by barrier methods.
60. Mini-pills > Lactational amenorrhoea
This is a controversial question. Different buks have given different answers.
So no need to worry- controversial question doesn’t repeat
61. MINI PILLS
Since OCPs and IUDs contain estrogen which causes thromboembolism
And sickle cell anemia is a hypercoagulable condition due to sticky RBCs
62. Since if we use IUCD there can be irregular bleeding and we wont be
able to know whether the bleeding is due to contraceptives or due to
Trophoblastic tumors which may delay diagnosis and treatment
OCPs
68. -Woman should be married
- Couple should have atleast 1 child >1yr of age
- Female should be of sound mind.
- Female between 22-49yrs
- No past history of sterilisation of spouse
69. 1) Vaginal
2) Per Abdomen : M- Madlener
U - Uchida
P – Pomeroy / Parkland
I - Irwing
K – Kroener’s method
1) Fallope ring = MC used
2) Clips
76. -24hrs after normal delivery
- during c-section
- Interval sterilisation: 6wks after delivery
- Laparoscopic sterilisation is done with 1st trimester MTP or as interval
sterilisation
77. -Done at junction of proximal and middle third of tube.
- MC site = Isthmo-ampullary
- MC site for reversibility = Isthmo-isthmic type
78. -Isthmo-isthmic type has best chance of reversibility
- laparoscopic clips : Best chance of reversibilty among methods
- other methods with good chance of reversibility : Pomeroy
Uchida
Falope Ring
79.
80. -should be married
- Couple should have atleast 1 child >1yr of age
- male should be of sound mind.
- Age <60yrs
- No past history of sterilisation of spouse
84. 1) Patient need 30ejaculations/3 months before he can be declare sterile
2) Couples should use barrier method for 3months
3) Patient should undergo semen analysis monthly for 3months till there
are no sperms in semen
4) Once the patient is declared aspermic , no other contraceptive is required
5) Avoid bath for 24hrs
6) Testis bandage should be used for 15 days, keep site dry.
7) Stitch removal after 5days