This document provides information about various contraceptive methods. It begins with definitions of terms like contraception and discusses natural family planning methods like abstinence, lactation, and calendar-based approaches. It then covers barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptives and IUDs, sterilization, and emergency contraception. Effectiveness rates are provided for different contraceptives. Key terms around contraception and reproductive health are also defined.
This document provides information about abortion in three paragraphs or less:
Abortion is defined as terminating a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus, which can occur spontaneously through miscarriage or be induced. The document outlines different country laws on abortion from most to least restrictive and discusses global abortion policies. Data on abortion is limited depending on the law, but estimates show that unintended pregnancies frequently end in abortion, especially in European and Asian countries. Safety of abortion is also covered, defining unsafe abortion and comparing abortion-related mortality rates between countries.
This document provides an overview of family planning, including its history and impact. It discusses how family planning has altered social and economic roles of women and was recognized as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century. The document also outlines concepts related to family planning like fertility rates and birth control, and examines factors that influence family planning decisions around number and timing of children. Demographic trends showing global population growth are presented, demonstrating the need for family planning programs worldwide.
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to live birth after one year of regular unprotected sex. There are various medical and demographic definitions of infertility, with medical definitions focusing on the inability to conceive and demographic definitions including the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. Infertility can be primary or secondary, with primary infertility referring to those who have never conceived and secondary referring to those who have previously conceived. Infertility is estimated to affect around 15% of reproductive aged couples globally based on WHO data, though estimates vary significantly between studies and regions.
This document discusses topics related to gender, including definitions of gender and gender roles. It outlines some key issues related to gender inequality such as violence against women, the gender pay gap, and underrepresentation of women in politics and business. It discusses how gender mainstreaming and impact assessments can be used to promote gender equality. It also provides information on international agreements and conventions related to gender equality as well as some metrics and indices used to measure gender inequality such as the Gender Inequality Index and the Global Gender Gap Index. The document also discusses discrimination faced by transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.
The document contains information about reproductive health and childbearing, including definitions of key terms like fecundity, fertility, sterility, and infertility. It also discusses factors that influence reproductive capacity such as heredity, health, age, the ovulation cycle, lactation, and pregnancy wastage through conditions like miscarriage and stillbirth. The document aims to educate about reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and human rights.
This document outlines the topics and schedule for a research seminar on reproductive health and family planning. Students will make presentations on their research projects, literature reviews, or country reports. Topics discussed include reproductive health, family planning methods, maternal mortality, adolescents, gender inequality, and population health policies. Data sources provided include national statistics, UN agencies, surveys. The instructor discusses limitations of data, heterogeneity of data, and importance of demography and HIV/AIDS for understanding reproductive health trends. Demographic measures like sex ratios, ages, intervals are introduced. The demographic transition and changes in fertility are also covered.
Female Infertility can be caused by physical obstructions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease blocking the fallopian tubes, hormonal issues interfering with ovulation, or problems with fertilization or early development. Around 12% of women experience infertility, which is generally treated through fertility drugs, surgery, artificial insemination or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. Coping strategies include considering other family planning options, seeking counseling or support groups, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to potentially overcome infertility issues.
The document discusses various aspects of reproductive health in India including family planning programs, awareness initiatives, contraception methods, population explosion, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility treatment. It describes how the government has created awareness through various media and education programs. It also outlines different contraception methods, issues related to population growth, and assisted reproductive technologies to treat infertility.
This document provides information about abortion in three paragraphs or less:
Abortion is defined as terminating a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus, which can occur spontaneously through miscarriage or be induced. The document outlines different country laws on abortion from most to least restrictive and discusses global abortion policies. Data on abortion is limited depending on the law, but estimates show that unintended pregnancies frequently end in abortion, especially in European and Asian countries. Safety of abortion is also covered, defining unsafe abortion and comparing abortion-related mortality rates between countries.
This document provides an overview of family planning, including its history and impact. It discusses how family planning has altered social and economic roles of women and was recognized as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century. The document also outlines concepts related to family planning like fertility rates and birth control, and examines factors that influence family planning decisions around number and timing of children. Demographic trends showing global population growth are presented, demonstrating the need for family planning programs worldwide.
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to live birth after one year of regular unprotected sex. There are various medical and demographic definitions of infertility, with medical definitions focusing on the inability to conceive and demographic definitions including the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. Infertility can be primary or secondary, with primary infertility referring to those who have never conceived and secondary referring to those who have previously conceived. Infertility is estimated to affect around 15% of reproductive aged couples globally based on WHO data, though estimates vary significantly between studies and regions.
This document discusses topics related to gender, including definitions of gender and gender roles. It outlines some key issues related to gender inequality such as violence against women, the gender pay gap, and underrepresentation of women in politics and business. It discusses how gender mainstreaming and impact assessments can be used to promote gender equality. It also provides information on international agreements and conventions related to gender equality as well as some metrics and indices used to measure gender inequality such as the Gender Inequality Index and the Global Gender Gap Index. The document also discusses discrimination faced by transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.
The document contains information about reproductive health and childbearing, including definitions of key terms like fecundity, fertility, sterility, and infertility. It also discusses factors that influence reproductive capacity such as heredity, health, age, the ovulation cycle, lactation, and pregnancy wastage through conditions like miscarriage and stillbirth. The document aims to educate about reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and human rights.
This document outlines the topics and schedule for a research seminar on reproductive health and family planning. Students will make presentations on their research projects, literature reviews, or country reports. Topics discussed include reproductive health, family planning methods, maternal mortality, adolescents, gender inequality, and population health policies. Data sources provided include national statistics, UN agencies, surveys. The instructor discusses limitations of data, heterogeneity of data, and importance of demography and HIV/AIDS for understanding reproductive health trends. Demographic measures like sex ratios, ages, intervals are introduced. The demographic transition and changes in fertility are also covered.
Female Infertility can be caused by physical obstructions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease blocking the fallopian tubes, hormonal issues interfering with ovulation, or problems with fertilization or early development. Around 12% of women experience infertility, which is generally treated through fertility drugs, surgery, artificial insemination or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. Coping strategies include considering other family planning options, seeking counseling or support groups, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to potentially overcome infertility issues.
The document discusses various aspects of reproductive health in India including family planning programs, awareness initiatives, contraception methods, population explosion, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility treatment. It describes how the government has created awareness through various media and education programs. It also outlines different contraception methods, issues related to population growth, and assisted reproductive technologies to treat infertility.
The topic discussed here is about the Reproductive health, Population, Overpopulation, Population Growth curves :Demography, causes of overpopulation, Birth control methods, Family planning, Measures adopted for family planning, Sexually Transmitted diseases
Reproductive Health,the topic is mainly about what is an reproductive health and what is aids what are the symptoms of aids and what are its diagnosis. in this presentation you will have census on the growth of population and the growth of aids in the countries.
Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
Reproductive health
Birth Control
Contraceptives and their types
Various Characteristics of Contraceptive
Natural Method , Surgical Method , Chemical methods explained
This document provides information on reproductive health counseling. It defines reproductive health as complete physical, mental and social well-being relating to the reproductive system. The document outlines key components of reproductive health including family planning, sexually transmitted infections, and maternal and newborn health. It discusses counseling for family planning and provides symptoms and interventions for postpartum depression. Finally, it defines sexual health and outlines five key steps to achieve good sexual health.
This document provides an overview of reproductive health presented by Dr. Mohammed Ali Aljradey. It defines reproductive health and discusses its key components such as maternal health, family planning, STDs, and adolescent health. It also examines global maternal mortality rates, causes of maternal death, and determinants of maternal mortality. The document outlines objectives and components of antenatal care, postnatal care, and infant health care. It discusses reproductive health indicators used to monitor progress and different family planning methods. Finally, it briefly touches on STDs, adolescent health, and why adolescent health is important.
This document discusses reproductive health issues in the Philippines. It defines reproductive health and outlines key issues including maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections, infertility, and abortion. The main points are: reproductive health involves well-being in all matters relating to reproduction. National maternal mortality remains high in the Philippines despite targets to reduce it. Leading causes of death for Filipino women include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis. Sexually transmitted infections and infertility also affect reproductive health in the country.
This document discusses reproductive health and strategies to promote proper reproductive health. It explains that reproductive health is most important during the reproductive stage of life when sex hormones are high and individuals need to produce offspring. Some key issues addressed are family planning, risks of pregnancy before age 18, the need for quality medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, and increasing awareness of reproductive health through various means such as sex education. The document also discusses population growth theories and strategies for population control such as family planning, birth control, and public awareness campaigns.
The document discusses issues around women's reproductive rights and health. It covers topics like family planning, maternal mortality, contraceptives, and challenges women face in controlling their reproductive choices due to male partners, governments, corporations, and religious organizations. Reproductive freedom is critical to women's equality and empowerment, but reproductive health problems remain leading causes of ill health and death for women of child-bearing age globally.
Reproductive health and family planning moduleihedce
Digital module of Reproductive Health and Family Planning for building awareness of status of reproductive health of women in India, myths about it and measurements taken up by government for effective family planning. The module is developed by Department of Development Communication and Extension, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi.
Reproductive health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive functions. It involves preventing and treating reproductive health problems through family planning services, counseling, education and other methods. Ensuring access to comprehensive and factual reproductive health information and services helps enable responsible decisions about family planning and meeting changing needs over one's life cycle.
A reproductive healthy society has members with physically and emotionally healthy reproductive organs and interactions. The document discusses reproductive health topics like medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), which is the intentional termination of pregnancy under certain legal conditions in India. It notes the significance and drawbacks of MTP, including illegal terminations leading to death. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can be transmitted during intercourse are also explained, listing common STDs, effects, and prevention methods. Infertility, which is the inability to conceive children, can be caused by physical or psychological factors and may be treatable through assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).
This document discusses reproductive and maternal health issues. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. Common maternal health problems mentioned include reproductive tract infections, malnutrition, anemia, complications during delivery, puerperal sepsis, abortions, infertility, uterine prolapse, and cervical cancer. Causes, effects, and methods of prevention are described for each issue. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of access to healthcare, nutrition, hygiene, and women's empowerment for ensuring reproductive and maternal health.
Family planning class for MBBS students based on Park textbook including details on MTP, abortion, Family planning infrastructure and delivery systems in India and National Family Welfare Programme.
This document discusses various topics related to reproductive health, including definitions of reproductive health, population explosion and its causes in India, different contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies. It provides an overview of India's family planning programs from the 1950s and current reproductive and child health care programs that aim to improve awareness and access to services.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being related to reproduction. It outlines key issues at different life stages from perinatal to post-menopausal. Statistics on Pakistan show high maternal and infant mortality rates. Ensuring reproductive health requires universal access to services, investing in health systems, and empowering women. Reproductive health issues affect both men and women and must be addressed at all levels of society.
Reproductive health involves physical, emotional, and social well-being related to reproduction. Early marriage and lack of knowledge about reproductive health lead to high maternal and infant mortality rates in India. Strategies to improve reproductive health include awareness programs about family planning, fertility regulation, personal hygiene, and sexually transmitted diseases. Population explosion results from declining death rates and lack of reproductive health knowledge. Birth control methods aim to prevent conception through natural family planning methods, barriers, intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives, injections, and surgical sterilization.
This document discusses reproductive health and a life cycle approach. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to the reproductive system. The document outlines areas of concern for reproductive health, including bearing children safely, avoiding unwanted pregnancy, and maintaining a healthy reproductive system. It then explains the concept of a human life cycle, dividing it into stages of infancy/childhood, adolescence, reproductive age, and post-reproductive age. For each stage, the document lists some specific reproductive health issues and concerns.
Postpartum family planning is important for preventing unintended pregnancies and closely spaced pregnancies after childbirth. The most effective contraceptive methods like IUDs and implants have failure rates below 1 in 1000 users. Other effective options include injections, pills, and sterilization but have higher failure rates. Providing contraceptive counseling and services during antenatal visits, delivery, and postnatal care can help women choose and use postpartum family planning.
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
The topic discussed here is about the Reproductive health, Population, Overpopulation, Population Growth curves :Demography, causes of overpopulation, Birth control methods, Family planning, Measures adopted for family planning, Sexually Transmitted diseases
Reproductive Health,the topic is mainly about what is an reproductive health and what is aids what are the symptoms of aids and what are its diagnosis. in this presentation you will have census on the growth of population and the growth of aids in the countries.
Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
Reproductive health
Birth Control
Contraceptives and their types
Various Characteristics of Contraceptive
Natural Method , Surgical Method , Chemical methods explained
This document provides information on reproductive health counseling. It defines reproductive health as complete physical, mental and social well-being relating to the reproductive system. The document outlines key components of reproductive health including family planning, sexually transmitted infections, and maternal and newborn health. It discusses counseling for family planning and provides symptoms and interventions for postpartum depression. Finally, it defines sexual health and outlines five key steps to achieve good sexual health.
This document provides an overview of reproductive health presented by Dr. Mohammed Ali Aljradey. It defines reproductive health and discusses its key components such as maternal health, family planning, STDs, and adolescent health. It also examines global maternal mortality rates, causes of maternal death, and determinants of maternal mortality. The document outlines objectives and components of antenatal care, postnatal care, and infant health care. It discusses reproductive health indicators used to monitor progress and different family planning methods. Finally, it briefly touches on STDs, adolescent health, and why adolescent health is important.
This document discusses reproductive health issues in the Philippines. It defines reproductive health and outlines key issues including maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections, infertility, and abortion. The main points are: reproductive health involves well-being in all matters relating to reproduction. National maternal mortality remains high in the Philippines despite targets to reduce it. Leading causes of death for Filipino women include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis. Sexually transmitted infections and infertility also affect reproductive health in the country.
This document discusses reproductive health and strategies to promote proper reproductive health. It explains that reproductive health is most important during the reproductive stage of life when sex hormones are high and individuals need to produce offspring. Some key issues addressed are family planning, risks of pregnancy before age 18, the need for quality medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, and increasing awareness of reproductive health through various means such as sex education. The document also discusses population growth theories and strategies for population control such as family planning, birth control, and public awareness campaigns.
The document discusses issues around women's reproductive rights and health. It covers topics like family planning, maternal mortality, contraceptives, and challenges women face in controlling their reproductive choices due to male partners, governments, corporations, and religious organizations. Reproductive freedom is critical to women's equality and empowerment, but reproductive health problems remain leading causes of ill health and death for women of child-bearing age globally.
Reproductive health and family planning moduleihedce
Digital module of Reproductive Health and Family Planning for building awareness of status of reproductive health of women in India, myths about it and measurements taken up by government for effective family planning. The module is developed by Department of Development Communication and Extension, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi.
Reproductive health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive functions. It involves preventing and treating reproductive health problems through family planning services, counseling, education and other methods. Ensuring access to comprehensive and factual reproductive health information and services helps enable responsible decisions about family planning and meeting changing needs over one's life cycle.
A reproductive healthy society has members with physically and emotionally healthy reproductive organs and interactions. The document discusses reproductive health topics like medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), which is the intentional termination of pregnancy under certain legal conditions in India. It notes the significance and drawbacks of MTP, including illegal terminations leading to death. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can be transmitted during intercourse are also explained, listing common STDs, effects, and prevention methods. Infertility, which is the inability to conceive children, can be caused by physical or psychological factors and may be treatable through assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).
This document discusses reproductive and maternal health issues. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. Common maternal health problems mentioned include reproductive tract infections, malnutrition, anemia, complications during delivery, puerperal sepsis, abortions, infertility, uterine prolapse, and cervical cancer. Causes, effects, and methods of prevention are described for each issue. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of access to healthcare, nutrition, hygiene, and women's empowerment for ensuring reproductive and maternal health.
Family planning class for MBBS students based on Park textbook including details on MTP, abortion, Family planning infrastructure and delivery systems in India and National Family Welfare Programme.
This document discusses various topics related to reproductive health, including definitions of reproductive health, population explosion and its causes in India, different contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies. It provides an overview of India's family planning programs from the 1950s and current reproductive and child health care programs that aim to improve awareness and access to services.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being related to reproduction. It outlines key issues at different life stages from perinatal to post-menopausal. Statistics on Pakistan show high maternal and infant mortality rates. Ensuring reproductive health requires universal access to services, investing in health systems, and empowering women. Reproductive health issues affect both men and women and must be addressed at all levels of society.
Reproductive health involves physical, emotional, and social well-being related to reproduction. Early marriage and lack of knowledge about reproductive health lead to high maternal and infant mortality rates in India. Strategies to improve reproductive health include awareness programs about family planning, fertility regulation, personal hygiene, and sexually transmitted diseases. Population explosion results from declining death rates and lack of reproductive health knowledge. Birth control methods aim to prevent conception through natural family planning methods, barriers, intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives, injections, and surgical sterilization.
This document discusses reproductive health and a life cycle approach. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to the reproductive system. The document outlines areas of concern for reproductive health, including bearing children safely, avoiding unwanted pregnancy, and maintaining a healthy reproductive system. It then explains the concept of a human life cycle, dividing it into stages of infancy/childhood, adolescence, reproductive age, and post-reproductive age. For each stage, the document lists some specific reproductive health issues and concerns.
Postpartum family planning is important for preventing unintended pregnancies and closely spaced pregnancies after childbirth. The most effective contraceptive methods like IUDs and implants have failure rates below 1 in 1000 users. Other effective options include injections, pills, and sterilization but have higher failure rates. Providing contraceptive counseling and services during antenatal visits, delivery, and postnatal care can help women choose and use postpartum family planning.
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
The document discusses family planning and various contraception methods. It describes hormonal contraception methods like oral contraceptive pills and injectables, and non-hormonal methods like condoms, diaphragms, and intrauterine devices. It also discusses sterilization procedures, emergency contraception, and induced abortion as options for failed contraception. Complications, effectiveness rates, and considerations for different family planning methods are provided.
Reproductive health issues account for 20% of global ill health for women and 14% for men. This document discusses strategies to address reproductive health problems like population growth, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and more. Family planning, maternal healthcare, sex education, access to reproductive services, and prevention of abuse are some strategies proposed. Different birth control methods like condoms, IUDs, implants, sterilization and their mechanisms are explained. Common STDs like chlamydia, HPV, syphilis, and gonorrhea and their symptoms are also outlined.
Aradhya Agrawal completed an investigatory project on reproductive health under the supervision of Mrs. Majinder Kaur. The project covered topics like population explosion, contraceptive methods, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies. Mrs. Kaur certified that the project met expectations and guidelines. Aradhya thanked Mrs. Kaur for her support and guidance during the project.
The document discusses various aspects of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of India including its shortcomings and suggestions for improvements. It notes that while the Act aims to regulate safe abortion access, the clause on contraceptive failure only applies to married women. It also points out that default recognition of public health institutions as abortion facilities implies responsibility to properly train staff and provide services. The document calls for linking the Act with clinical guidelines and emerging medical advances related to abortion procedures and technologies.
Emergency contraception involves taking specially developed medicines within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse or installing an IUD within 120 hours to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It should not be used as a regular contraception method. The emergency contraceptive pill works primarily by preventing ovulation or fertilization, and may also prevent implantation. Side effects are usually mild and manageable, including nausea, abdominal cramps, headaches, and changes to the menstrual cycle. The pill should not be taken if more than 72 hours have passed since intercourse, if already pregnant, or under certain health conditions.
The document describes various methods of contraception, including temporary and permanent options. Temporary methods discussed include barrier methods like condoms, vaginal methods like spermicides and diaphragms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills and injectables. Permanent methods discussed are male and female sterilization. The advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness, and other details are provided for many of the discussed contraception methods.
Contraceptives are methods used to prevent pregnancy and include abstinence, condoms, birth control pills, patches, injections, IUDs, and emergency contraception. They work by stopping ovulation, blocking sperm, or thinning the uterine lining. Common forms are condoms, which are a barrier method; pills and patches, which are hormonal methods taken orally or through the skin; injections administered every three months; and IUDs which are devices inserted into the uterus. Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy if taken shortly after unprotected sex. While contraceptives prevent pregnancy, they do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections.
The document provides an overview of reproductive health, safe abortion practices, and relationship abuse and violence. It discusses reproduction, puberty, contraception options, menstrual health, sexual and reproductive rights, abortion methods and related risks, dating abuse warning signs, and relationship violence impacts and resources. It aims to educate about maintaining complete physical, mental and social well-being relating to the reproductive system and processes through various life stages and relationships.
Contraception aims to prevent pregnancy by keeping egg and sperm cells apart, stopping egg production, or stopping fertilization. Adolescent pregnancy is a major health issue worldwide. While contraceptive needs are difficult to measure, education is key to reducing unintended pregnancy and disease among teens. Counseling helps teens understand options and barriers to use. Long-acting reversible contraception like IUDs and implants are very effective options for teens. Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy if used within 5 days of unprotected sex.
The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is a modern contraceptive method that is more than 98% effective for the first 6 months after birth if a woman's menstrual period has not returned, she exclusively breastfeeds her infant day and night, and the baby is less than 6 months old. LAM works by suppressing ovulation through signals from breastfeeding. It allows time for education about other modern contraceptive methods and transition when LAM criteria are no longer met. While generally safe and effective, separation from the infant or mixed feeding reduces its contraceptive protection.
Explore the intricacies of ovulation induction in intrauterine insemination (IUI) with Dr Laxmi Shrikhande's informative slide share presentation. From understanding the hormonal mechanisms to the latest techniques, this presentation offers insights into optimizing fertility through IUI. Whether you're a clinician seeking to enhance patient outcomes or an individual navigating fertility treatments, this resource provides valuable knowledge for your journey towards conception.
This document provides information on various contraceptive methods, including:
- Hormonal methods such as oral contraceptive pills, injectables like DMPA, and implants.
- Barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides.
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) including copper and hormonal IUDs.
- Surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy.
It discusses the types of each method, how they work, effectiveness, side effects, benefits, and other important details about family planning options. Counseling approaches and medical eligibility criteria for contraceptives are also covered.
Emergency contraceptive pills can prevent pregnancy when taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex. They are safe and effective for all women. Emergency contraceptive pills have a failure rate of about 1-2% if used correctly. A woman can get pregnant immediately after taking emergency contraceptive pills, so it's important to begin using another contraceptive method right away for ongoing protection.
Reproductive health problems and strategiesTejasvi Bhatia
The document discusses reproductive health problems and strategies in India. It covers topics like family planning programs initiated in 1951, reproductive and child health care programs, measures to increase awareness like sex education in schools, techniques like amniocentesis, and steps taken to address population explosion through contraception and increasing marriage age. The document also defines key terms related to reproductive health like sexually transmitted diseases, medical termination of pregnancy, contraception, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies.
The document discusses family planning in Kenya. It notes that Kenya's fertility rate is between 4-5 children per woman, and that contraceptive prevalence has increased but remains below targets. Maternal mortality has not improved. Barriers to family planning include social and cultural factors as well as weak health systems. The document then discusses various family planning methods including fertility awareness, mechanical methods like IUDs and condoms, hormonal methods like pills and implants, and surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on combined oral contraceptive pills, including types, effectiveness, eligibility criteria, and potential side effects.
This document provides information on various modern and traditional contraceptive methods including short-term methods like condoms and oral contraceptives, and long-term methods like IUDs, implants, tubectomy, and vasectomy. It discusses effectiveness, how each method works, advantages and disadvantages. It also covers emergency contraception, postpartum contraception, and information resources on contraceptives available in Bangladesh.
1) The document discusses the history and epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS epidemic from its earliest known cases in 1981 to modern day. It describes key events like the identification of HIV as the cause and the development of antiretroviral treatments.
2) Surveillance methods for HIV are discussed, including case reporting systems and sentinel surveillance at specific sites. Three types of epidemics - generalized, concentrated, and low-level - are also summarized.
3) Statistics and maps show the current global status of the HIV epidemic, with parts of sub-Saharan Africa most severely affected. Resources for further information are listed.
Maternal mortality remains a significant global issue, with nearly 830 women dying daily from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. The majority (99%) of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, where access to skilled healthcare is limited. Key factors that influence a woman's risk include her location (rural areas pose higher risk), economic status (poorer communities at higher risk), and age (adolescents at highest risk). While the global maternal mortality ratio has declined 44% between 1990-2015, many countries still show no progress. Reliable data remains scarce but interventions like skilled birth attendance and access to family planning can significantly reduce maternal deaths.
This document summarizes the topics covered in a course on Family Planning and Reproductive Health. The course covers major topics related to reproductive health, safe motherhood, family planning methods, unwanted pregnancy, risky sexual behaviors, and gender inequality. It discusses how to deal with sensitive data collection on these topics, measures of reproductive health, contraceptive use and unmet need, and world trends and issues in Russia. The course philosophy is to provide a better understanding of discussions around these issues and the types of advocacy behind different positions.
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2. About presentations
● Pls, avoid the use of small fonts, unless you do not want the audience to
read it (for instance, in references)
● 16 is minimum, bigger is better
● Use additional slides to continue a message
● Images and graphs are better than text only
● Black on white design is OK
3. HIV/AIDS addendum (obligatory testing in RF)
● donors of blood, liquids, organs, tissues,etc
● employees to be employed in certain occupations (govt decree № 877,
Sept 4,1995)
● doctors, nurses, and other personnel in contact with HIV+
● doctors, nurses, and other personnel testing for HIV
● researchers and other personnel in HIV and immunologic studies
● foregn citizens arriving in Russia for more than three months
4. govt decree #877, Sept 4, 1995
ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ от 4 сентября 1995 г. N 877
ОБ УТВЕРЖДЕНИИ ПЕРЕЧНЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ
ПРОФЕССИЙ, ПРОИЗВОДСТВ, ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ, УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ
И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ, КОТОРЫЕ ПРОХОДЯТ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ
ОСВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ ПРИ
ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРИ
ПОСТУПЛЕНИИ НА РАБОТУ И ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИХ
МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОСМОТРОВ
В соответствии со статьей 9 Федерального закона "О предупреждении распространения в Российской Федерации заболевания,
вызываемого вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ-инфекции)" (Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 1995, N 14, ст. 1212)
Правительство Российской Федерации постановляет:
Утвердить прилагаемый Перечень работников отдельных профессий, производств, предприятий, учреждений и организаций, которые
проходят обязательное медицинское освидетельствование для выявления ВИЧ-инфекции при проведении обязательных предварительных
при поступлении на работу и периодических медицинских осмотров.
Председатель Правительства
Российской Федерации
В.ЧЕРНОМЫРДИН
Утвержден
Постановлением Правительства
Российской Федерации
от 4 сентября 1995 г. N 877
5. an example of something the audience do not need to read in class
ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ
РАБОТНИКОВ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОФЕССИЙ, ПРОИЗВОДСТВ,
ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ, УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ, КОТОРЫЕ ПРОХОДЯТ
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОСВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ
ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНЫХ
ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРИ ПОСТУПЛЕНИИ НА РАБОТУ И
ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОСМОТРОВ
1. Обязательному медицинскому освидетельствованию для выявления ВИЧ-инфекции при поступлении на работу и при периодических
медицинских осмотрах подлежат следующие работники:
а) врачи, средний и младший медицинский персонал центров по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом, учреждений здравоохранения,
специализированных отделений и структурных подразделений учреждений здравоохранения, занятые непосредственным обследованием,
диагностикой, лечением, обслуживанием, а также проведением судебно-медицинской экспертизы и другой работы с лицами,
инфицированными вирусом иммунодефицита человека, имеющие с ними непосредственный контакт;
б) врачи, средний и младший медицинский персонал лабораторий (группы персонала лабораторий), которые осуществляют
обследование населения на ВИЧ-инфекцию и исследование крови и биологических материалов, полученных от лиц, инфицированных
вирусом иммунодефицита человека;
в) научные работники, специалисты, служащие и рабочие научно-исследовательских учреждений, предприятий (производств) по
изготовлению медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов и других организаций, работа которых связана с материалами, содержащими
вирус иммунодефицита человека.
2. Перечень конкретных должностей и профессий работников, указанных в пункте 1, определяется руководителем учреждения,
предприятия, организации.
6. Contraception
Although the definition is unclear
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices
to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also
referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or
contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent
fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Intuitively it is easy to understand.
8. menstrual cycle
the endometrium builds
up and breaks down
during the menstrual
cycle
the progression of the menstrual cycle and the
different hormones contributing to it
10. fertilization
During fertilization, the sperm and
egg unite in one of the fallopian
tubes to form a zygote. Then the
zygote travels down the fallopian
tube, where it becomes a morula.
Once it reaches the uterus, the
morula becomes a blastocyst. The
blastocyst then burrows into the
uterine wall — a process called
implantation.
12. Natural
abstinence (is not CC)
● lactational amenorrhea
● calendar methods (FA) based on
○ day count
○ temperature monitoring
○ cervical
○ hormone monitoring
● withdrawal/coitus interruptus
a FA by-product = If you want to get pregnant,
it can help you to know on which days you should have sex
13. Prolonged breastfeeding
the temporary postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic
(not menstruating, no ovulation) and exclusively breastfeeding.
very effective during the first six months postpartum, if
● Breastfeeding must be the infant’s only (or almost only) source of
nutrition. Feeding formula, pumping instead of nursing, and feeding
solids all reduce the effectiveness of LAM.
● The infant must breastfeed at least every four hours during the day and at
least every six hours at night.
● The mother must not have had a period after 56 days post-partum (when
determining fertility, bleeding prior to 56 days post-partum can be
ignored).
14. Coitus interruptus
Withdrawal is free and always available, safe, easy, and convenient.
The Withdrawal Method requires no additional hormones or devices, just
impeccable timing and a lot of luck.
Known for at least 2,500+ years (Onan was killed by Yahweh for practicing it,
Genesis, 38)
Withdrawal at a Glance
15. Barrier methods
● condoms
○ male,
○ female
● cervical caps, diaphragms, and
● contraceptive sponges with spermicide
17. Male condom (+/-)
● It can be used on demand
● It can be easily carried with
you
● It isn’t affected by other
medications
● It can be used when
breastfeeding
● Hormone free
● It’s easy to use
● It’s the best protection
against HIV/AIDS and other
sexually transmitted
infections (STIs)
● It interrupts sex
● It can tear or come off
during sex if not used
properly
● Some people are allergic to
latex condoms
● It may lead to irritation or
allergic reactions (if you
are allergic to latex, you
can try condoms made of
polyurethane)
18. female condom
● It can be used on demand
● It can easily carried with
you
● It isn’t affected by other
medications
● It can be used when
breastfeeding
● Hormone free
● It protects effectively
against sexually transmitted
infections (STIs)
● It interrupts sex
● Using it can take practice
● Not as effective as male
latex condoms
● It can tear if not used
properly
● It may lead to irritation or
allergic reactions
It’s quite easy to learn:
How to use a female condom (12 steps, 4 min clip)
20. Hormonal methods
Most common is The Pill
You should swallow the pill at the same time every
day, whether or not you have sex
Also
● injections (Depo Provera), every 12 weeks
● transdermal contraceptive patch, every week
● vaginal ring (NuvaRing), every month
● some IUDs
21. The pill
1. the combined oral contraceptive pills (which contain both
estrogen and progesterone), and
2. the progestogen-only pills (sometimes called minipills).
● Both types of birth control pills prevent fertilization mainly by
inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucous.
● They may also change the lining of the uterus and thus decrease
implantation.
23. Sterilization
● male (vasectomy)
● female (tubal ligation)
This decision may cause regret in some men and women. Of
women aged over 30 who have undergone tubal ligation, about
5% regret their decision, as compared with 20% of women aged
under 30. By contrast, less than 5% of men are likely to regret
sterilization. Men more likely to regret sterilization are younger,
have young or no children, or have an unstable marriage.
26. Emergency contraception
medications ("morning-after pills") or devices used after unprotected
sexual intercourse with the hope of preventing pregnancy.
They work primarily by preventing ovulation or fertilization
● Mifepristone, also known as RU-486 (after sex but before ovulation,
inhibition of implantation is possible, but the knowledge of the
mechanism of action remains incomplete)
● IUDs can be inserted up to five days after intercourse and prevent
about 99% of pregnancies after an episode of unprotected sex
28. How to measure
The Pearl Index, also called the Pearl rate, is the most common technique
used in clinical trials for reporting the effectiveness of a birth control method.
It is a statistical estimation of the number of unintended pregnancies in 100
woman-years of exposure
Usually two Pearl Indexes are published from studies of birth control methods:
● Actual use Pearl Index, which includes all pregnancies in a study and all months (or
cycles) of exposure
● Perfect use or Method Pearl Index, which includes only pregnancies that resulted
from correct and consistent use of the method, and only includes months or cycles
in which the method was correctly and consistently used
30. Data sources
Major international programs:
«Demographic and Health Surveys /DHS»
http://www.measuredhs.com/
«Reproductive Health Surveys»
(Centers for disease control and prevention - CDC, http://www.cdc.
gov/reproductivehealth/)
«Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys / MICS»
(UNICEF, http://www.childinfo.org/mics3_surveys.html)
31.
32. Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2015
The Population Division produces a systematic and comprehensive series of annual, model-based
estimates and projections of contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning, total
demand for family planning and the percentage of demand for family planning that is satisfied
among married or in-union women for the period from 1970 to 2030. Median estimates with 80 per
cent and 95 per cent uncertainty intervals are provided for 195 countries or areas of the world and
for regions and development groups. A Bayesian hierarchical model combined with country-specific
time trends was used to generate the estimates, projections and uncertainty assessments. The
model advances prior work and accounts for differences by data source, sample population, and
contraceptive methods included in measures of prevalence.
The estimates and projections are based on the country-specific data compiled in World Contraceptive Use 2015.
Model results are as of March 2015.
Details on the methodology are described in Alkema, L. et al. (2013). National, regional and global rates and trends in
contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning between 1990 and 2015: a systematic and
comprehensive analysis. The Lancet. Vol. 381, Issue 9878, pp. 1642–1652.
Data/Figures
● Model-based estimates and projections: Countries [Tables in Excel-Format] [Figures]
● Model-based estimates and projections: Regions [Tables in Excel-Format] [Figures]
33. Frejka T., J.Ross.
Paths to Subreplacement Fertility: The Empirical Evidence
Population and Developmant Review, Vol. 27 (2001)
TFR (USA, 1955)
34. Save the date
World Contraception Day, Sept 26
since 2007
«Contraception: It’s Your
Life, it’s your responsibility»
this year the 10th