This document discusses topics related to gender, including definitions of gender and gender roles. It outlines some key issues related to gender inequality such as violence against women, the gender pay gap, and underrepresentation of women in politics and business. It discusses how gender mainstreaming and impact assessments can be used to promote gender equality. It also provides information on international agreements and conventions related to gender equality as well as some metrics and indices used to measure gender inequality such as the Gender Inequality Index and the Global Gender Gap Index. The document also discusses discrimination faced by transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.

1. Gender

2. Previous meeting

3. Full banner

4. Never ending
Everywhere, now in Poland

5. Gender
Identifies the social relations between men and women. It
refers to the relationship between men and women, boys
and girls, and how this is socially constructed. Gender roles
are dynamic and change over time.
Source:
European Commission Justice
Glossary

6. Topics related to gender
● Gender-based violence which is mainly a violence against women
○ Violence based upon gender identity
● Gender pay gap
● Decision making
● How to overcome gender inequality
● Export of gender equality
● Metrics of (in)equality
● Transgender

7. Violence
In EU
● One in three women in the EU has experienced physical and/or sexual
violence since the age of 15;
● 75 % of women in a professional job or in top management have
experienced sexual harassment;
● One in ten women has experienced sexual harassment or stalking
through new technologies.

8. UN HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL REPORT:
Discrimination and Violence against Individuals Based on their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Key findings:
● Hate-motivated violence against LGBT people is widespread. LGBT and intersex
people are also victims of torture and ill treatment, including in custody and in
clinics and hospitals.
● In many countries, the law is used to punish individuals on the basis of their sexual
orientation and gender identity, and to restrict rights to freedom of expression,
association and assembly: 76 countries criminalize consensual same sex
relationships; in seven the death penalty may be applied.
● “Everyday discrimination” affects LGBT and intersex people everywhere – including
in education, healthcare, employment, housing, and within families.
● States are legally bound by international human rights law to respect, protect
and fulfil the human rights of all persons within their jurisdiction – including those
who are LGBT and intersex.

9. Gender pay gap
The gender pay gap reflects ongoing discrimination and
inequalities in the labour market which, in practice,
mainly affect women. Its causes are complex and
interrelated.
● Educational and career expectations for boys and
girls are different
● Women have as good or better qualifications than
men, but often their skills are not valued the same
as men's and their career progression is slower.
● Family responsibilities are not equally shared. As a
result, women have more frequent career breaks
and often do not go back to a full time job.
● The combined effect of lower hourly wages for
women with women working fewer hours than men
over their lifetime, results in lower pensions. This
leads to more women than men experiencing
poverty in old age.

10. Decision making
Women are underrepresented in
● Politics
● Business

11. How to improve
Gender mainstreaming is the integration of the gender perspective into every stage of
policy processes - design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation - with a view to
promoting equality between women and men.
It means assessing how policies impact on the life and position of both women and men
- and taking responsibility to re-address them if necessary.
This is the way:
● to make gender equality a concrete reality in the lives of women and men;
● to improve policy-making by bringing it closer to the citizens' needs.
Impact assessment and evaluation processes

12. Export of gender equality
● capacity-building to developing countries;
● support to women's organisations;
● disseminating information on gender equality through guidelines, best
practices and awareness raising.

13. International Feminism
● International Women's Year, Mexico City, 1975
● Second World Conference on Women, Copenhagen, 1980
● Third World Conference on Women, Nairobi, 1985
● Preceding the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995

14. Indicators of the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA)
The Council of the EU has adopted, since 1999, a series of indicators as a
follow up of the World conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. The rotating
Council Presidencies have produced reports in most of the twelve critical
areas of concern identified in the BPfA. On this basis, the Council of the EU
has adopted conclusions for each area covered, available here.
The European Institute for Gender Equality supports the Presidencies of the
Council of the EU by collecting statistics and data on selected areas of the
BPfA.

15. How to measure gender (in)equality
Gender equality is the result of the absence of discrimination on the basis
of a person's sex in opportunities and the allocation of resources or benefits
or in access to services.
Gender equity entails the provision of fairness and justice in the distribution
of benefits and responsibilities between women and men. The concept
recognises that women and men have different needs and power and that
these differences should be identified and addressed in a manner that
rectifies the imbalances between the sexes.

16. Gender Inequality Index (GII), UNDP
http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-inequality-index-gii

17. GII measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human
development:
1. Reproductive health (measured by maternal mortality ratio and
adolescent birth rates);
2. Empowerment ( measured by proportion of parliamentary seats occupied
by females and proportion of adult females and males aged 25 years and
older with at least some secondary education;)
3. Economic status (expressed as labour market participation and measured
by labour force participation rate of female and male populations aged 15
years and older).
The higher the GII value the more disparities between females and males and
the more loss to human development.

18. GII - 2014

19. GII - 2014

20. GII - 2014

21. The Global Gender Gap Index, World Economic Forum

23. GGI-2015
The highest possible score is 1 (equality) and the lowest possible score is 0 (inequality)

24. There are also transgenders

25. Cissexism
(or cissexual assumption or cisnormativity)
is the appeal to norms that enforce the gender binary and gender
essentialism, and then used in the oppression of gender variant (non-binary)
and trans identities.
Examples of Everyday Cissexism
We live in a society that assumes gender based
on genitals.
When we are born, we are categorized as a gender
based on the appearance of our genitals.

26. Julia Serano
Whipping Girl:
A Transsexual Woman on
Sexism and the Scapegoating
of Femininity
http://www.juliaserano.com