A short workshop on Content Modelling delivered at TC World / Tekom 2013 in Wiesbaden, Germany. This workshop digs into some of the fundamental concepts and techniques that need to be weighed when framing an effective approach Content Modelling. Essentially introduces the influences, including a sojourn at MIT where I encountered the Object Process Methodology, that led to a "Content Modelling Technique".
This is a preview version of the Content Modelling Workshop that I've co-written with Cleve Gibbon. So far we've given this workshop in Cape Town and Minneapolis. Coming soon to Helsinki, and hopefully elsewhere. This deck introduces the ideas and methodologies of content modelling. It's a subset of the slides for the workshop. The full workshop also includes more information on structured content, benefits of content modelling, many group exercises and discussions, and tips on how to putting these practices to work in real projects.
What’s the right Content Management System (CMS) for your business? As an IT leader influencing line-of-business decision-makers, how do you select a CMS that meets your organization’s needs?
In this presentation, Geoffrey Bock, a noted industry analyst, identifies the essential capabilities for managing web content and links them to business benefits. Bock highlights the shifting set of IT tasks for managing websites, and details those that rightfully belong to non-technical users.
In addition, Bock provides a roadmap for linking the IT and business requirements of your organization to the relevant capabilities of a modern CMS platform.
This is a preview version of the Content Modelling Workshop that I've co-written with Cleve Gibbon. So far we've given this workshop in Cape Town and Minneapolis. Coming soon to Helsinki, and hopefully elsewhere. This deck introduces the ideas and methodologies of content modelling. It's a subset of the slides for the workshop. The full workshop also includes more information on structured content, benefits of content modelling, many group exercises and discussions, and tips on how to putting these practices to work in real projects.
What’s the right Content Management System (CMS) for your business? As an IT leader influencing line-of-business decision-makers, how do you select a CMS that meets your organization’s needs?
In this presentation, Geoffrey Bock, a noted industry analyst, identifies the essential capabilities for managing web content and links them to business benefits. Bock highlights the shifting set of IT tasks for managing websites, and details those that rightfully belong to non-technical users.
In addition, Bock provides a roadmap for linking the IT and business requirements of your organization to the relevant capabilities of a modern CMS platform.
Content Management is a complex problem made up of content, people, process and technology. And it's getting harder has we move into a structured content world.
Content Architecture is the design phase for Content Management where we use tools to better abstract and encapsulate content, This presentation defines content architecture.
A short presentation on content modelling describing how it is an essential future friendly strategy. The presentation is pinned around Karen McGrane's Chunks-NOT-Blobs approach!
All matter, no matter how complex, can be broken down into molecules which can be broken down further into atomic elements. All web interfaces can be broken down down the same way. Atomic Design provides a methodology for building an effective design system. It consists of five distint stages: atoms, molecules, organisms, templates and pages.
Here is the poster presentation material for IA Summit 2011 by Atsushi Hasegawa, Ph.D. from Concent, Inc. This poster describe how content model diagram helps page design.
Learn how to use content types as the building blocks of your organisation's content strategy. Presented at the Content Strategy Singapore Meetup on 5 October 2016.
Almost every client we meet in our SharePoint world requests implementations of "taxonomy" and "metadata" - often times, they are asking because they've been told they should - but aren't even clear what the request means or what it is they are asking for. This presentation will attempt to clarify what Taxonomy/Metadata is and outline the different ways it is employed both within the site and across sites.
On the uses and implementation of taxonomy on the Web, with a particular focus on the taxonomy as part of an enterprise information environment. Presented by Marjorie M.K. Hlava during Content Week 2005 in Miami, Florida.
The Content Architecture In Action presentation given at Intelligent Content 2014 in the San Jose, CA. It covers the why, what and how to apply content architecture to enable digital and content agility within your organisation.
This session provides an introduction to Content Fragments and show how you can leverage the feature for efficiently managing your site.
The provided information will cover a standard use-case and focus on customizing the OOTB solution. To see the on-demand IMMERSE Session please go to http://bit.ly/Immerse16
Thriving in a world of change: Future-friendly content with DrupalKaren McGrane
There's always another redesign. There's always another new must-have front-end design effect. There's always another platform, a new screen resolution, the latest device. Underneath it all, there's content. What if we could get away from the cyclical churn, the constant reinvention? What if we could stop throwing the baby out with the bathwater? Instead of trying to get all new content every time there's a redesign (or worse, shoving crappy old content into stylish new clothes) it's time to plan for the future.
In this session, Karen will explain how Drupal is the future of adaptive content. She's not saying that like she's some kind of Drupal fangirl (though she is.) She's saying that as a long-time information architect, content strategist, and user experience designer, who sees content through the eyes of the people who create it and maintain it. She'll explain why—from her perspective—Drupal's content modeling tools and flexible UI make it a powerful tool in our fight against the future.
Getting a Handle on the Content Life Cycle (April 2014)Joe Gollner
Slides from a Webinar conducted for the Society for Technical Communication (STC) Special Interest Group (SIG) on the Content Life Cycle. It introduces a Content Life Cycle model and situated within the context of a Content Solution framework.
A bit of a retrospective. Back in the spring of 2005, I delivered this presentation at a Defense Software Symposium. The idea was that if we manage the knowledge behind a software system properly we can create, integrate, manage, and evolve that software far more effectively than we have in the past. This discussion proceeded with reference to very large and very complex software engineering and integration projects.
Content Management is a complex problem made up of content, people, process and technology. And it's getting harder has we move into a structured content world.
Content Architecture is the design phase for Content Management where we use tools to better abstract and encapsulate content, This presentation defines content architecture.
A short presentation on content modelling describing how it is an essential future friendly strategy. The presentation is pinned around Karen McGrane's Chunks-NOT-Blobs approach!
All matter, no matter how complex, can be broken down into molecules which can be broken down further into atomic elements. All web interfaces can be broken down down the same way. Atomic Design provides a methodology for building an effective design system. It consists of five distint stages: atoms, molecules, organisms, templates and pages.
Here is the poster presentation material for IA Summit 2011 by Atsushi Hasegawa, Ph.D. from Concent, Inc. This poster describe how content model diagram helps page design.
Learn how to use content types as the building blocks of your organisation's content strategy. Presented at the Content Strategy Singapore Meetup on 5 October 2016.
Almost every client we meet in our SharePoint world requests implementations of "taxonomy" and "metadata" - often times, they are asking because they've been told they should - but aren't even clear what the request means or what it is they are asking for. This presentation will attempt to clarify what Taxonomy/Metadata is and outline the different ways it is employed both within the site and across sites.
On the uses and implementation of taxonomy on the Web, with a particular focus on the taxonomy as part of an enterprise information environment. Presented by Marjorie M.K. Hlava during Content Week 2005 in Miami, Florida.
The Content Architecture In Action presentation given at Intelligent Content 2014 in the San Jose, CA. It covers the why, what and how to apply content architecture to enable digital and content agility within your organisation.
This session provides an introduction to Content Fragments and show how you can leverage the feature for efficiently managing your site.
The provided information will cover a standard use-case and focus on customizing the OOTB solution. To see the on-demand IMMERSE Session please go to http://bit.ly/Immerse16
Thriving in a world of change: Future-friendly content with DrupalKaren McGrane
There's always another redesign. There's always another new must-have front-end design effect. There's always another platform, a new screen resolution, the latest device. Underneath it all, there's content. What if we could get away from the cyclical churn, the constant reinvention? What if we could stop throwing the baby out with the bathwater? Instead of trying to get all new content every time there's a redesign (or worse, shoving crappy old content into stylish new clothes) it's time to plan for the future.
In this session, Karen will explain how Drupal is the future of adaptive content. She's not saying that like she's some kind of Drupal fangirl (though she is.) She's saying that as a long-time information architect, content strategist, and user experience designer, who sees content through the eyes of the people who create it and maintain it. She'll explain why—from her perspective—Drupal's content modeling tools and flexible UI make it a powerful tool in our fight against the future.
Getting a Handle on the Content Life Cycle (April 2014)Joe Gollner
Slides from a Webinar conducted for the Society for Technical Communication (STC) Special Interest Group (SIG) on the Content Life Cycle. It introduces a Content Life Cycle model and situated within the context of a Content Solution framework.
A bit of a retrospective. Back in the spring of 2005, I delivered this presentation at a Defense Software Symposium. The idea was that if we manage the knowledge behind a software system properly we can create, integrate, manage, and evolve that software far more effectively than we have in the past. This discussion proceeded with reference to very large and very complex software engineering and integration projects.
Getting it Right: Building Quality into your Content (July 2014)Joe Gollner
This presentation was delivered as a webinar hosted by STC France on July 8, 2014.
This talk focused on the steps to be taken to design quality into your content assets and to then see that quality realized in high quality information products.
This presentation presents an overview of Content Management, particularly as it relates to delivering content on the Web, and takes a high-level view, identifying the challenges of Content Management and the many activities it entails
This presentation presents an overview of Content Management, particularly as it relates to delivering content on the Web, and takes a high-level view, identifying the challenges of Content Management and the many activities it entails.
Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is real world based modeling approach for software modeling and designing. It was developed basically as a method to develop object-oriented systems and to support object-oriented programming. It describes the static structure of the system.
Object Modeling Technique is easy to draw and use. It is used in many applications like telecommunication, transportation, compilers etc. It is also used in many real world problems. OMT is one of the most popular object oriented development techniques used now-a-days. OMT was developed by James Rambaugh.
Purpose of Object Modeling Technique:
To test physical entity before construction of them.
To make communication easier with the customers.
To present information in an alternative way i.e. visualization.
To reduce the complexity of software.
To solve the real world problems.
Object Modeling Technique’s Models:
There are three main types of models that has been proposed by OMT.
Object Model:
Object Model encompasses the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency and persistence. Object Model basically emphasizes on the object and class. Main concepts related with Object Model are classes and their association with attributes. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation and generalization (multiple inheritance).
Dynamic Model:
Dynamic Model involves states, events and state diagram (transition diagram) on the model. Main concepts related with Dynamic Model are states, transition between states and events to trigger the transitions. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation (concurrency) and generalization.
Functional Model:
Functional Model focuses on the how data is flowing, where data is stored and different processes. Main concepts involved in Functional Model are data, data flow, data store, process and actors. Functional Model in OMT describes the whole processes and actions with the help of data flow diagram (DFD).
Phases of Object Modeling Technique:
OMT has the following phases:
Analysis:
This the first phase of the object modeling technique. This phase involves the preparation of precise and correct modelling of the real world problems. Analysis phase starts with setting a goal i.e. finding the problem statement. Problem statement is further divided into above discussed three models i.e. object, dynamic and functional model.
System Design:
This is the second phase of the object modeling technique and it comes after the analysis phase. It determines all system architecture, concurrent tasks and data storage. High level architecture of the system is designed during this phase.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW :
https://uii.io/programming
A Content Manifesto (Gnostyx CIDM IDEAS Conference 2020)Joe Gollner
Touching on Digital Transformation, the economics of content, and the history of the content industry, this presentation concludes with a Content Manifesto - seven declarations that define how we, as an industry, should be talking about our work. At one and the same time, this talk is both traditional and radical. If the content manifesto is genuinely adopted then the implementations are massive as are the opportunities.
The Economics of Content (October 2019)Joe Gollner
Virtual Presentation delivered at Lavacon 2019. A bit of a deep dive into some fundamental questions around the nature of the content industry and some of the challenges it has historically faced. In order to stave off depression, it ends with a more positive "Content Manifesto" that declares what needs to be done to redress some of the observed problems in the content industry. Relevant to content management and to open content standards like DITA and XML.
So You Want a CMS (Gnostyx Workshop Lavacon 2016)Joe Gollner
A half-day workshop held at Lavacon 2016 in Las Vegas. A relatively thorough introduction to a proven way to acquire a content management system as part of an overall content solution. Leans towards a more formal approach to selecting and validating a CMS platform than is usually followed. The approach has been proven to be effective in numerous circumstances but is especially valuable when the content infrastructure being selected will play a broad role within an enterprise environment.
Managing Knowledge in the Fractal Enterprise (Retro Alert 1999)Joe Gollner
A blast from the past - a talk I gave at Documation 1999 entitled "Managing Knowledge in the Fractal Enterprise". Interestingly, the themes touched on in this presentation have proved resilient and useful in all the years since. If anything, the ideas seem closer to the mark today than they did 20 years ago!
A presentation given the Center for Information Development Management (CIDM) Content Management Strategies and DITA conference in San Diego 2017. This talk looked at DITA in context of Digital Transformation - so as to consider what this new and changing context means for DITA and what it is that DITA can contribute that is both needed and unique.
Engineering Content: The Discipline of Designing Future-Ready ContentJoe Gollner
A session delivered at Spectrum 2017 at the Rochester Institute of Technology for the STC Rochester Chapter. It pulls together many years of reflection on what really works when it comes to designing content management and publishing systems - and why this has become so important amid the changes wrought by Digital Transformation.
Brave New World of Technical CommunicationJoe Gollner
Keynote address at the 2017 Spectrum conference delivered at the Rochester Institute of Technology for the STC Rochester Chapter. Looks at how the work of technical communication must change in the light of Digital Transformation.
Digital Transformation and the Business of Content (May 2017)Joe Gollner
This talk was delivered as the opening keynote for the virtual track at Lavacon Dublin 2017. It's primary intent is to explore the implications of Digital Transformation for Profession Communicators and for the Content Standards and Technologies that they use.
Three case studies that showcase the central importance in Content Management projects of jumping in with both feet, getting up close and personal with your content, and adding new value.
CALS and Canadian Government Acquisition 1994Joe Gollner
This is a paper written for, and presented at, CALS Europe 1994 in Paris. It outlines how the principles, and in some cases the technologies, of the Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support (CALS) initiative were applied to complex custom procurement within the Canadian Federal Government.
Coordinating SGML Projects to Maximize Corporate Benefits was the original title from this 1995 article. Although it hails from the past, its lessons for markup technologies, the management of standards, and the handling of corporate politics still ring true. It also showcases how common forces drove the emergence of practices that we now see in the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA).
Information 4.0 for Industry 4.0 (TCWorld 2016)Joe Gollner
An annotated version of a presentation delivered at TCWorld 2016 in Stuttgart, Germany. Explores the concept of Information 4.0 and Content 4.0. Builds connections to the Semantic Web, Internet of Things, Cognitive Computing, and Big Data.
A talk delivered at the Center for Information Development (CIDM) Best Practices conference held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in September 2016. It is a treatment of the idea of Content 4.0 that focuses on the real implications that come with operating at the higher levels of content practice (3.0 and 4.0).
The Changing Face of Publishing (October 2012)Joe Gollner
A presentation made to the Canadian Heritage Ministry on the changing impacting publishing at this time. Complete with a somewhat jaundice view on how well most publishers are adapting. It comes from 2012 which feels like a long time ago but the presentation doesn't really call for much updating.
This session explores the ways in which Content 4.0 can be a useful way to understand the direction that content is going. It proceeds by looking at what content must be like in order to keep up with Industry 4.0. This session was undertaken at the invitation of Tom Aldous of The Content Era.
This talk was delivered at DITA Europe in Munich Germany. It explores the business and management considerations that apply to the deployment of DITA-enabled solutions that break out beyond the traditional technical documentation focus. Appropriately, the guiding theme for the presentation is drawn from Don Quixote.
Practical Steps Towards Integrated Content Management (Nov 2015)Joe Gollner
This talk was delivered at TCWorld 2015 in Stuttgart Germany. It explores ideas initially touched upon in a talk at the Information Energy event in Utrecht.
This is the Extended Edition version of the keynote presentation delivered at Lavacon 2015 in New Orleans. It tackles some key concepts and principles that will drive a grounded Content Strategy and its implementation.
Integrated Content Management - Information Energy 2015 KeynoteJoe Gollner
The opening keynote at the 2015 Information Energy conference convened in beautiful Utrecht in the Netherlands. A talk that explored how the various content management disciplines can come together to help organizations to leverage their content more effectively and to improve their overall performance.
DITA - What is it good for? (J Gollner 2015)Joe Gollner
A presentation delivered on April 20, 2015 in Chicago at the annual Content Management Strategies / DITA North America conference. It presents tactics and tools for presenting DITA, and its business benefits, to executive management.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
4. Core Concepts: Content & Information
Content
Is what we
plan, design, create, reuse & manage
so that we can deliver effective
information products
Content is potential information (an asset)
Information
Is the meaningful organization of data
communicated in a specific context
with the purpose of influencing others
Information is a transaction (an action)
Information transactions contain content
5. Related Definitions
Publishing
The process of transforming
content assets
into information products
that can be effectively transacted
Documents
Documents are the persistent form of
information transactions that have been
exchanged as part of a business process.
Documents are a fact of life & can take
many forms.
6. Building Blocks in the Content Lifecycle
Content
Acquisition
Creation
Content
Acquisition
Content
Delivery
Content
Management
Content
Engagement
Content
Delivery
Publishing
Content
Engagement
Use
Content Management
Control
7. Content Strategy
A strategy is a plan of action
directed towards achieving
a long-term goal through the
coordination, integration
and application of the
resources and capabilities
available to an enterprise
Content
Acquisition
Content
Delivery
Content
Strategy
Content
Management
Content
Engagement
A Content Strategy seeks to make content a strategic asset that
can be leveraged by state-of-the-art technology to achieve
concrete business goals. This strategy will set out a plan of
balanced investments to improve how content is acquired,
delivered, engaged and managed. A Content Strategy also, and
perhaps primarily, determines what content is needed & why.
8. Questions Surrounding the Content Lifecycle
• Content is only
usefully understood
as part of its lifecycle
Content
Acquisition
Content
Delivery
• Where it comes from?
Content
Strategy
• Where it goes?
• Who is responsible
for it?
• Why is it created
in the first place?
Content
Management
Content
Engagement
• How is it published?
• How many different information products will it support?
• How are the published information products used?
9. The Role of Content Architecture
Content
Acquisition
Content
Strategy
Content Model
A detailed model of the
content and its lifecycle
Identifies:
· Content Types
· Content Composition
· Content Process Steps
Establishes the point
of reference for all
content solution
implementation activities
Content
Delivery
Content
Management
Content Architecture
Content
Engagement
Content Solution
11. Content Archeology
Identifying & studying
content “in the wild” &
following the paths inside
Often a major
revelation for
content
owners
Rahel Bailie
www.intentionaldesign.ca
12. Understanding the Content Inside
Developing a model of what happens behind the
page in order to design a content architecture that
will govern a content management solution
Cleve Gibbon
www.clevegibbon.com
Applying the all-important
discipline of abstraction
in order to establish more
general technical solutions
13. Unified Modeling Language (UML 2.0)
UML is a standardized
modeling language for
designing software
applications
www.uml.org
Object Management
Group (OMG)
Use Case Diagrams
Models the interaction
between users and
the software application
System perspectice
14. Unified Modeling Language (UML 2.0)
Class Diagrams
Used to model the static
structure of a system
Models the classes in a
system, including their
attributes, methods, and
relationships
Can be applied to the
content resources within a
system and their attributes
and relationships
•
•
•
Type Hierarchies
Composition
Other relationships
15. Business Process Model & Notation (BPMN)
BPMN 2.0 is from the Object Management Group (OMG)
as a tool for understanding, graphically, business procedures
www.bpmn.org
Jackie Damrau & Joe Gollner – Business Process Workshop (2013)
16. Case Study: A Breakdown in Modeling
Large-scale
software project
$225 million
Content & document
handling processes
Modeling Approach
UML & full suite of Enterprise software design tools
International specialists brought onboard to assist in planning
Substantial budget set aside for stakeholder engagement
Result
Communication breakdown. Models not understood at all.
17. Modelling Content Structures
Microstar Near & Far
Document Type Definition (DTD) Visual Modeller
Very popular & dearly missed
Simple enough to show executives
Only addressed content structure
19. Object Process Methodology (OPM)
Designed as a unification & rationalization
of UML providing an integrated, single view
of complex systems
Prof Dov Dori
Israel Institute
of Technology &
MIT
www.opcat.com
20. OPM Modeling Notation
Object
Process
Object States
1
2
Relationships
Agent Link
Effect Link
Integrated modeling notation
designed for complex systems
Establishes Objects and
Processes as the two
fundamental building blocks
Processes change Objects
Exhibits
Single modeling view
- Inheritance
- Composition
- Process flow
21. The Search Continued
Alternatives were unsatisfying in being either:
Too complex to use with executive & business stakeholders
Too oriented towards software design
•
UML / OPM
Too superficial to facilitate a rigorous understanding of
content & content processes for the purposes of automation
•
Flowcharting / BPMN
Too limited in only representing content structures but not
processing events
•
Near & Far / Visual tools for modelling XML Schemas
23. The Search for a Content Modelling Technique
A Content Modelling Technique could be
constructed from:
Object Process Methodology (OPM)
•
Basic framework where objects & processes are treated as peers
IDEF0 Function Modelling
•
General principles for representing manufacturing processes
Object Modeling Technique (OMT)
•
Visually elegant precursor to UML
A strict discipline could be applied to limit the visual complexity
of diagrams while addressing the needs of content modelling
24. Drawing on Multiple Sources: IDEF0
IDEF0 – Function Modelling
ICAM Definition for Function Modelling
ICAM – Integration Computer-Aided
Manufacturing
25. Object Modeling Technique (OMT)
OMT
Modelling
technique
developed in
1991 by a team
led by James
Rumbaugh (a
later contributor
to UML)
26. Content Modelling Technique - Notation
Content Modelling Technique (CMT)
A modeling technique that provides a systematic and disciplined way to represent content objects and processes
in the context of business goals and responsibilities assumed by organizations or individuals (actors).
Object
Objects are “things” that can be
used, consumed, produced or
called upon to provide a service.
Process
Processes act upon “objects” in order to
change their state. Processes may use,
consume, produce objects or depend
upon the services from objects.
Order
Start
Inheritance
Composition
Choice
Details
Actors assume responsibility for
outcomes. Actors can call upon
processes, objects & other actors.
Annotation
Choice
Actor
One or more
Zero or more
End
Flow
One
Zero or one
Relationship Cardinality
Three Building Blocks:
- Objects
- Processes
- Actors
What’s New: Actors
- Elevation of OPM Agent link
- Analogous to the UML Actor
- Actors are people or organizations
who are responsible for outcomes
27. CMT Objects
Object
Object
“Thing” that can be acted upon
•
Object
Attributes
Examples:
• Document Artifact
• Information Resource
• Content Asset
Can exhibit Attributes
States can be changed by processes
Can be used in the sense of an object in O-O
analysis & design to encapsulate behaviour
28. CMT Processes
Process
Process
Activity that can act upon,
and change the state of, objects
Can be manual or automated or a combination
Can be broken down into discrete process steps
Must always have at least one object as an input
Must always have at least one object as an output
Process steps are connected by object transfers
29. CMT Actors
Actor
Actor
Nexus of responsibility
•
•
Individual
Organization
Responsible for a process & its outcomes
“Owns” objects
Can play one or more roles in a process
•
Examples:
• Creator
• Approver
30. CMT Inheritance
Inheritance
Establish a type hierarchy classification scheme
exhibiting “is-a” relationships
Inheritance
•
•
A Taxonomy
Child types are said to be specializations
of the more general types
Examples
•
Content Type specialization
• A test is a specialized
form of a task
•
Actor Type specialization
• Business Analyst &
Technical Analyst are
types of Analyst
task
test
Analyst
Business
Analyst
Technical
Analyst
31. CMT Composition
Composition
Composition
Establishes the make-up of an entity
Hierarchical classification scheme based on the
breakdown of an entity into its constituent parts
A “Part-ology”
Document
Examples
Content Object decomposition
Approval
Process decomposition
Review
Testing
Sign-off
Front
Matter
Body
Rear
Matter
32. CMT Relationships
Cardinality
One or more
Represents key cases
Avoids over-specification
•
•
e.g., Min 1 Max 4
These are constraints that
can, and should, be specified
separately (implementation detail)
Organization
Zero or more
One
Zero or one
Relationship Cardinality
Order
Choice
How entities will appear
Process Flow
Start
End
Flow
Movement of objects through process steps
33. CMT in Action: A Simple Example
Establish Project Requirements
Project
Team
Customer
Identify
Needs
Business
Needs
Document
Document
Requirements
Use Case
•
•
•
•
Testing
Team
Draft
Requirements
Specification
Test Case
System
Constraint
Requirements
Validation
Prototyping
Technical
Proof of
Concept
Baseline
Requirements
Specification
Usability
Testing
Different types of Actors shown: Customer, Project Team, Testing Team
Content objects connect each process
Decomposition shown for an object, a process & an actor
Different cardinalities are shown:
optional, optional but repeatable, mandatory, mandatory and repeatable
34. Selective Views of a CMT Model
Actors
Flow of
Responsibility
Process
Customer
Identify
Needs
Project
Team
Document
Requirements
Testing
Team
Requirements
Validation
Business
process model
Object
Business
Needs
Document
State Transition model
Draft
Requirements
Specification
Baseline
Requirements
Specification
35. Drilling Down into the Details
Establish Project Requirements
Project
Team
Customer
Business
Needs
Document
Identify
Needs
Test Setup
Draft
Requirements
Specification
Document
Requirements
Use Case
Task Setup
Testing
Team
Task Steps
Test Steps
Test Case
Task Result
Test Result
Baseline
Requirements
Specification
Requirements
Validation
System
Constraint
Identify
Uncertainties
Prototyping
Plan
Experiments
Technical
Proof of
Concept
Conduct
Experiments
Usability
Testing
Document
Results
36. Reflections on Content Modelling Technique
Content Modelling Technique
Has been fashioned from numerous modelling precedents
Has been consciously tailored to align with common
features of content objects and processes
Has been stripped of as much visual detail as possible
so that CMT models can be used to communicate
with executive and business stakeholders
Has been designed to emphasize three relationship types
•
•
•
Content type hierarchies
Content composition
Content processing
38. Modelling Content Types
Identify atomic types
Establish familial
relationships between types
What types are specialized
examples of more general
types (facilitates processing)
Selective View of a DITA Task Specialized as a Test
taskbody
testSetup
unitOfMeasure
uomSpan
uomVelocity
uomVoltage
fps
mph
stepsection
testBody
Units of Measure
Taxonomy
task
test
step
testStep
mps
kmph
40. Modelling Content Composition
Content assets are typically
described in terms of what
they contain
What they are made up of
Published information
products (documents)
are likewise composed
of content assets
assembled in a
specific order &
processed in a
specific way
note
Specialized
DITA Step
cmd
testDataRef
choices
itemgroup
step
testStep
stepresult
testResult
choicetable
stepxml
substeps
info
42. Modelling Content Processes
Processes can be broken
down to as low a level of
detail as is necessary
Processes will encompass
business events (approvals),
tasks performed by people (writing),
and automated steps
(validations, transformations, transmittals,…)
Understanding the processes will ultimately
determine what level of detail must be modelled in
the content assets
43. Modelling Processes in Content Environments
Prime
Contractor
Solution
Implementation
Project
Plan
Project
Coordinate
SubContractor
Projects
SubContractor
Content processes frequently cross
organizational boundaries
- Suppliers
Provides a form of organizational
encapsulation
Integrate
Solution
Initiate
Solution
Support
Solution
In this example, one actor (Prime) is responsible
for the project while other actors (Subs) are a
mechanism for performing a specific sub-process
44. Summary
Content Modelling Technique (CMT) offers
A simplified modelling notation that has been tailored to
modelling content & content processes
•
Supports the all important engagement of non-technical stakeholders
Focuses on modelling three forms of relationship that are
critical to understanding content & content processes
•
•
•
Content type hierarchies
Content composition
Content processing
Retains sufficient theoretical rigour to facilitate the
construction of content models precise enough to facilitate
the application of efficient & effective automation