The document summarizes early contacts between Africa and other parts of the world from 1000-1652 AD. It discusses the Middle Eastern contact through Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca which encouraged Islamic culture in Africa. It also discusses brief early contact between Africa and China through trade expeditions in the early 1400s, as well as the initial contact between Africans and the Portuguese in the 1460s which was not a huge culture shock. Finally, it mentions the Dutch establishing the first permanent European settlement in Cape Town in 1652 to acquire cattle and develop agriculture.
A presentation to familiarize the students in the 1st semester of hospitality institutes with basic ideas related to the origin and growth of tourism industry.
A presentation to familiarize the students in the 1st semester of hospitality institutes with basic ideas related to the origin and growth of tourism industry.
After earning his BA in international affairs from Georgetown University, Phillip Zakas went on to found a company called Gridskippr. There, he served as the chairman of the board, president, and chief of product strategy. A person with diverse interests, Phillip Zakas has dived wrecks of ancient Phoenician ships in the Aegean Sea.
This chapter tackles about the historical milestones of the tourism industry. It also discusses the important historical events in the development of tourism in the Philippines.
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
16
386
Chapter Outline
Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
> What were the objectives and major accomplishments of the voyages of exploration
undertaken by Chinese, Polynesians, and other non-Western peoples?
European Expansion, 1400-1550
> In this era of long-distance exploration, did Europeans have any special advantages over
other cultural regions?
Encounters with Europe, 1450-1550
> What explains the different nature of Europe's interactions with Africa, India, and the
Americas?
Conclusion
. • ENVIRONMENT + TECHNOLOGY Vasco da Gama's Fleet
• DIVERSITY + DOMINANCE Kongo's Christian King
Ferdinand Magellan Navigating the Straits Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans This late·
sixteenth-century print uses fanciful representations of native peoples and creatures to embellish Magel
Ian's circumnavigation of the globe.
The Maritime Revolution, to 1550
I
n 1511 young Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Europe around the southern tip of
Africa and eastward across the Indian Ocean as a member of the first Portuguese
expedition to explore the East Indies (maritime Southeast Asia). Eight years later,
this time in the service of Spain, he led an expedition that sought to reach the East
Indies by sailing westward. By the middle of 1521 Magellan's expedition had achieved
its goal by sailing across the Atlantic, rounding the southern tip of South America,
and crossing the Pacific Ocean-but at a high price.
Of the five ships that had set out from Spain in 1519, only three made the long
passage across the vast Pacific. Dozens of sailors died from starvation and disease
during the voyage. In the Philippines, Magellan, having survived numerous mutinies
during the voyage, died in battle on April 27, 1521, while aiding a local ruler who had
promised to become a Christian.
To consolidate their dwindling resources, the expedition's survivors burned the
least seaworthy of their remaining three ships and consolidated men and supplies. In
the end only the Victoria made it home across the Indian Ocean and back to Europe.
Nevertheless, the Victoria's return to Spain on September 8, 1522, was a crowning
example of Europeans' determination to make themselves masters of the oceans.
A century of daring and dangerous voyages backed by the Portuguese crown had
opened new routes through the South Atlantic to Africa, Brazil, and the rich trade
of the Indian Ocean. Rival voyages sponsored by Spain since 1492 opened new con
tacts with the American continents. A maritime revolution was under way that would
change the course of history.
This new maritime era marked the end of a long period when Asia had initiated
most overland and maritime expansion. Asia had been the source of the most useful
technologies and the most influential systems of belief. It was also home to the most
powerful states and the richest trading networks. The success of Iberian voyages
of exploration in the following century would redirect t ...
After earning his BA in international affairs from Georgetown University, Phillip Zakas went on to found a company called Gridskippr. There, he served as the chairman of the board, president, and chief of product strategy. A person with diverse interests, Phillip Zakas has dived wrecks of ancient Phoenician ships in the Aegean Sea.
This chapter tackles about the historical milestones of the tourism industry. It also discusses the important historical events in the development of tourism in the Philippines.
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
16
386
Chapter Outline
Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
> What were the objectives and major accomplishments of the voyages of exploration
undertaken by Chinese, Polynesians, and other non-Western peoples?
European Expansion, 1400-1550
> In this era of long-distance exploration, did Europeans have any special advantages over
other cultural regions?
Encounters with Europe, 1450-1550
> What explains the different nature of Europe's interactions with Africa, India, and the
Americas?
Conclusion
. • ENVIRONMENT + TECHNOLOGY Vasco da Gama's Fleet
• DIVERSITY + DOMINANCE Kongo's Christian King
Ferdinand Magellan Navigating the Straits Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans This late·
sixteenth-century print uses fanciful representations of native peoples and creatures to embellish Magel
Ian's circumnavigation of the globe.
The Maritime Revolution, to 1550
I
n 1511 young Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Europe around the southern tip of
Africa and eastward across the Indian Ocean as a member of the first Portuguese
expedition to explore the East Indies (maritime Southeast Asia). Eight years later,
this time in the service of Spain, he led an expedition that sought to reach the East
Indies by sailing westward. By the middle of 1521 Magellan's expedition had achieved
its goal by sailing across the Atlantic, rounding the southern tip of South America,
and crossing the Pacific Ocean-but at a high price.
Of the five ships that had set out from Spain in 1519, only three made the long
passage across the vast Pacific. Dozens of sailors died from starvation and disease
during the voyage. In the Philippines, Magellan, having survived numerous mutinies
during the voyage, died in battle on April 27, 1521, while aiding a local ruler who had
promised to become a Christian.
To consolidate their dwindling resources, the expedition's survivors burned the
least seaworthy of their remaining three ships and consolidated men and supplies. In
the end only the Victoria made it home across the Indian Ocean and back to Europe.
Nevertheless, the Victoria's return to Spain on September 8, 1522, was a crowning
example of Europeans' determination to make themselves masters of the oceans.
A century of daring and dangerous voyages backed by the Portuguese crown had
opened new routes through the South Atlantic to Africa, Brazil, and the rich trade
of the Indian Ocean. Rival voyages sponsored by Spain since 1492 opened new con
tacts with the American continents. A maritime revolution was under way that would
change the course of history.
This new maritime era marked the end of a long period when Asia had initiated
most overland and maritime expansion. Asia had been the source of the most useful
technologies and the most influential systems of belief. It was also home to the most
powerful states and the richest trading networks. The success of Iberian voyages
of exploration in the following century would redirect t ...
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docxhyacinthshackley2629
1/12/16
Syllabus overview
Primary vs secondary sources
1/14/16
Ren. and Recon. In Red White and Black (Johnson 2-2; Brinkley Chapter 1)
Image: romantic view of Columbus setting foot in the new world
I. Intro Big Themes
II. The world ca. 15th century
III. Portuguese Beginnings
IV. Columbus the 1st Conquistador
America Discovery
Norse occupation of upper Canada during the middle ages
Basque fishermen fishing off of the New England and Upper Canada
Population estimates of 15-50 million of Native American descent in 1492
15th century = 1400s
Looking at the world during the 1400s, with broad brushstrokes laying out some of the rpe conditions for conquest in the hew world.
What were the goals and provisions of the Europeans that instigated them breaking from tradition and setting out to discover.
The real pioneers were the Portuguese, outside of brazil they do not have a large presence in the New World
Big Themes:
Conquest changed everything, most momentous single event that historians can think of. It changed the fortunes of the entire globe.
In the 15th century Europe was emerging from the middle ages, sometimes refered to as the dark ages and as prospering especially in maritime states, such as Genoa where Columbus was born. It was however a sideshow of the economic worlds wealth. Much of the worlds trading systems was being traded across land or hugging the coasts between Europe and the far east. Along the silk roads. Europe lay at the very end of these roads.
By being at the end of the roads Europe was on the periphery. This changed with the age of exploration.
Exploration completely changed the map of the world. What Europeans changed despite the map was to create an Atlantic system of trade and commerce, sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade. Trade between Europe-Africa-New World (N. and S. America and the Caribbean)
The rise of the west was built on this Atlantic system. The fortunes of Europe over the next 500 years will be laid economically, politically, militarily, etc. in the colonial outposts in the New World.
Effects dramatic in other locations as well.
Africa will export slaves to work vast plantations, mining facilities, as well as other things that were done to produce wealth. The fortunes of Africans thus will be dramatically transformed.
No less dramatic to Native Americans 15-50 million indigenous inhabitants of N. and S. America. It has been estimated that a figure as high as 90% died within a century of Columbus’s ‘discovery.’
The first group that Europeans hope to enslave are N. Americans and some die from overwork, and labor.
Most die due to disease-smallpox, etc.
For peoples of Asia and Middle East will see their fortunes change in particular to that of Europe. Prior to the discoveries the east was the center of the knowledge, wealth and power, with the Middle East as Middle men in the trade routes also benefitting.
With the development of the trade routes these centers of power would diminish
Q: did the.
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docxclairbycraft
C H A P T E R 4
The European Organization
of the Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade was one of the most complex economic enter-
prises known to the preindustrial world. It was the largest transoceanic
migration in history up to that time; it promoted the transportation
of people and goods among three different continents; it involved an
annual fleet of several hundred ships; and it absorbed a large amount
of European capital invested in international commerce. The trade was
closely associated with the development of commercial export agricul-
ture in America, and Asian trading with Europe. It involved complex
capital and credit arrangements in Europe, Africa, and America and
was carried on by a very large number of competing merchants in an
unusually free market. Finally, it was the largest movement of workers
to the Americas before the mid-nineteenth century.
How did this extraordinary trade develop in Europe? What mecha-
nisms were used to get this system into operation and what were the
relative roles of the state and of private capital? How was the trade
financed and what were the goods used to purchase the slaves? What
types of ships and crews were involved in the transport of these slaves
and how were they purchased in Africa and how were they sold in Amer-
ica? What were the profits generated by the trade and what was their
relative importance within the expanding European economy? These
are some of the issues I will deal with in this and the following chapter
on the African part of the trade.
Given the high entry costs to trading, and the initial lack of detailed
knowledge of the various African and American markets, the earliest
period of the slave trade was one in which the state played a major role.
Though slaves were shipped off the African coast by private European
traders from the 1440s onward as part of general exports of gold and
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EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 2/16/2019 3:31 PM via EXCELSIOR COLLEGE
AN: 331300 ; Klein, Herbert S..; The Atlantic Slave Trade
Account: s4946256.main.ehost
76 THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
ivory, the organization of an intensive slave trade took several hundred
years to develop. Africa was a modest source of slaves for southern
Europe until the beginning of the sixteenth century, and it was only
the opening up of America to European colonization that slave trading
finally turned into a major economic activity.
Although the Portuguese were rich enough to allow private con-
tractors to develop some part of the early trade, both they and all the
Europeans who followed used heavy state control in the form of taxa-
tion, subsidization, or monopoly contracts to get the .
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
![Focused Contacts: ,[object Object],2. Chinese contact and Chenge He 3.Portuguese contact 4. Dutch contact](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)