A presentation to familiarize the students in the 1st semester of hospitality institutes with basic ideas related to the origin and growth of tourism industry.
Unit Topics:
Hospitality and Tourism
The nature of tourism services
Major categories of tourism product and services
Industry Terminology
Tourism Organizations
Learning Objectives:
Define the basics and purposes the nature of travel and tourism and the sectors of the modern visitor economy it supports
Unit Topics:
Hospitality and Tourism
The nature of tourism services
Major categories of tourism product and services
Industry Terminology
Tourism Organizations
Learning Objectives:
Define the basics and purposes the nature of travel and tourism and the sectors of the modern visitor economy it supports
English pronunciation is different from Hindi.
It takes years for non-native speakers to get it right and even then, there are embarassing shortcomings.
Learning Phonetic alphabet can really simplify the process.
A PowerPoint presentation for the students of second semester in Hospitality Management colleges.
The presentation contains lot of images and graphics for ease of understanding; and text has been minimised so as to reduce the sleeping effect, which prolonged reading has on the current generation of learners.
PPT for students of 2nd semester of hotel management, it gives a brief but adequate understanding of the concepts related to Guest Cycle in modern hotels.
The slide is designed to be used by students who are starting to learn in an educational Institute.
It deals with Front Office Operations & Management.
All hotels now use computers extensively and staff must learn to work on the installed PMS. If your hotel has PMS installed, this document will assist you to work faster and more accurately.
French is an integral part of all hospitality management higher education programs. Students from countries like India already are struggling with English and here comes the mysterious French to make matters worse, Google Transalate & Google lens are very helpful in this regard.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
5. Origin of Tourism & Hospitality
The invention of wheel and currency really
made travelling easy, and hence helped more
people to visit far away places. Hospitality
emerged and kept pace with this
unstoppable growth.
Europe is the birthplace of hotel & inn
business but, it was in America where
enterprising risk-takers experimented with
new ideas and succeeded spectacularly.
6. Important Phases In Growth Of Hotel
Industry- Europe & America
Ancient Era- the beginning
Grand Tour Era- Period before French
Revolution (1789), when Kings were still
ruling Europe, before being removed by
armed revolt of the common man.
Modern Era- The beginning of the modern
hotel industry, with gigantic building and
excellent service.
7. Summarizing The World Tourism
History
• In a few pages it is impossible. History is
always learnt from documents and
every document has limitations.
• Therefore, instead of giving you a long,
tedious presentation, would like to just
highlight the important Civilizations and
their contributed milestones.
9. Important Contributions…
The Babylonians (Sumerians)
– The creation of money and trade (Babylon is the
most famous city from
ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modern-
day Iraq 59 miles (94 kilometres) southwest
of Baghdad.
The Egyptians
– First cruises were organized and conducted from
Egypt.
– (pyramids)
– celebrating festivals.
10. Important Contributions Continued
Mesopotamians
Use of Early roads
–roads were mainly paved dirt roads.
The Romans (Modern Day Capital of Italy)
developed stone-paved roads for military
use and it covered most of their empire.
11. Important Contributions Continued
Phoenicians (Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel.)
– Master shipwrights.
– Built a network of trading posts around the
Mediterranean.
Greeks (Greece)
– Followed the Phoenicians.
– Improved ships and accelerated the
Mediterranean trade.
– Merchant ships also carried passengers for profit.
12. Important Contributions Continued
Chinese
–Had ministers for travel as early as 4,000
years ago.
Polynesians (Hawaii, New Zealand and
Easter Island).
–Used small dugout canoes under 40 feet
and used these to travel from South East
Asia.
13. Important Contributions Continued
Europeans
– The fall of Rome spelled disaster for travel
and tourism.
– Dark ages- only the most adventurous
persons would travel. Travel was not for
pleasure.
• The Crusades
– End of the Dark Ages; pilgrimages were popular.
• The ancient Passport was born in 1388:
permits for pilgrimages were required
14. Introduction
Early Travel:
Earlier travel was essentially to seek food or
to escape danger.
Travel was also undertaken for trade.
Growth of cities along fertile river banks like
Nile etc encouraged water travel.
Ancient empires like the Romans helped
shape modern travel.
16. Periodization Of Tourism
(1) Ancient period
(2) Imperial period and Pilgrimage
period
(3) Grand Tour period
(4) The Transition period (after
devastating second world war)
(5) The Modern period
17. Ancient Period
Commercial hospitality activities existed
before 4th century B.C.
Buddhists and Christian missionaries
travelled afar to propagate and
promote their religion.
Discovery of silk route that connected
east to west in 2000 B.C. is evidence
of travel.
18. The Ancient Era Hospitality
Corinth in Greece was home to a
number of lodging establishments.
The inns of the biblical era were
primitive, with little or no regard to
privacy or personal sanitation.
20. Advent of All-Weather Roads
In 3rd century AD, a wide network of brick-
paved roads were constructed in Europe and
minor Asia (Turkey and eastern Europe).
This was an opportunity to build many lodging
establishments along the road.
These lodging places were called ‘Mansionis’.
21.
22. THE EMPIRE ERA
The Egyptians
At its peak the travel for business and pleasure
flourished.
Travel to outlining cities was necessary.
Various amenities were offered to travelers.
They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held
every year.
People used to travel to attend these festivals and
bring back souvenirs.
23.
24. The Persians: (Persia is the former name
of Iran).
They started travel initially for military use.
Later on, facilities used for military were
transformed to facilitate civilian travel.
Roads were built, markers were established
to indicate distances.
Safety of travelers was given importance.
Modes of transport like wagons,
donkeys/mules were introduced.
25.
26. The Greeks:
• Greeks were the first, who shaped the modern
day travel.
• Pleasure travel was popular.
• Travel was advanced by two developments:
Currency exchange: Greek cities accepted foreign
currency, making it easier for travelers.
Communication: The Greek empire covered the
entire Mediterranean thus the language was
widely understood.
• They provided all the amenities required.
27.
28. The Romans
• The prosperity of the Roman empire was
reflected in the development of travel.
• The Romans included a large group of
middle class who had money and time to
travel.
• They built excellent roads,
transportation and communication
systems.
• They built rest houses.
29. Industrial Revolution & Transition
Period
The Industrial Revolution saw the power
of inventions, like steamships, steam
engines, railway network, power looms
and rapid mechanization leading to
mass industrial production.
This was the period when population started
moving from rural to urban areas. The
focus of travel now shifted to business,
from education or pilgrimage.
32. Leader of Hospitality in Europe
First, Switzerland, then, Britain.
The hospitality establishments in
Switzerland were called Chalets (a small
cottage), where the main customers were
the rich and powerful Aristocrats.
Between 1750 & 1825, British inns enjoyed
the reputation of being the finest in
Europe.
33.
34.
35. What is Aristocracy?
A class of persons holding exceptional rank and
privileges, especially the hereditary (by
birth) nobility.
A government or state ruled by an aristocracy, elite,
or privileged upper class.
Government by those considered to be the best or
most able people in the state.
A governing body composed of those considered to
be the best or most able people in the state.
Any class or group considered to be superior, as
through education,
ability, wealth, or social prestige.
36. Renaissance And Grand Tour
(AD 1763-1773)
• The rise of Italy as intellectual capital of Europe .
• Grand Tour – a tour to the principal cities and places of
interest in Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Austria,
Switzerland & Ireland), formerly said to be an essential
part of the education of the young man of ‘good
birth’ and ‘fortune’.
Main travellers were diplomats, business people, and
scholars; moving mostly for career, education,
culture, literary, health, scientific research, business,
and economic reasons.
37. Opportunity for Hospitality Business
Grand Tour was also patronized by
Aristocracy, and therefore, smart
businessmen sensed good money
in catering to this group of rich &
powerful travellers.
38. Prominent Hotels of Grand Tour Era
• Dolder Grand- Zurich (Swiss)
• Imperial- Vienna (Austrian)
• Vier Jahreszeiten- Hamburg
(German)
• Des Bergues- Geneva (Swiss)
39.
40. Modern Period
It was basically the period after 2nd world
war, characterized by technological
development of transport such as
Funiculars (ropeway), jet airlines , bullet
trains , ships , luxury cars, and facilities
like 5 star hotels accommodations.
43. American Story in Hospitality
American entrepreneurs literally changed
the face of the hotel trade, with their
breathtaking technological and
architectural innovations, canny business
promotions and aggressive marketing
skills, in a country, that had just
established itself, as the first superpower
of the world, after second world war.
44. Chronicle of American hospitality
City Hotel, New York, 1794. 73 rooms.
Exchange Coffee House, Boston
City Hotel (second)- Baltimore
Mansion House- Philadelphia
Tremont House, Boston. 170 rooms,
door lock, indoor plumbing, running
water, bathing facility, bowl, pitcher,
free soap in room.
45.
46. Chronicle of American hospitality
Grand Pacific,
The Palmer House
The Sherman House, Chicago
The Palace, San Francisco, 800
rooms
47. The First Business Hotel
Statler Hotel, Buffalo, New York,
1908, 450 rooms.
Attached bath, hot and cold water,
electric lamp on desk, and radio in
room.
48. The Great Depression, 1929 to 1935
The terrible economic slowdown
wiped out much of the hospitality
business in America. It was only a
slow recovery, after the second
world war had ended in 1945.
49. Father Of Tourism And Travel
• Thomas Cook is considered the Father of
modern Tourism.
• His first organized trip was ‘Leicester to
Loughborough ’ in 1841.
• It covered a distance of 22 km for 570
members.
• He acted as an agent by buying tickets in bulk
and selling it to others on a non profit basis.
• This gave him an idea to package tours in a
profitable manner.
50. • He organized the travel arrangements,
accommodations, transport at the
destinations and return to the homeland.
• He organized the first ‘inclusive tour’ to
Paris Exhibition in 1855.
• ‘Hotel voucher’ was introduced by Thomas
Cook in 1867 and ‘Circular Note’ in 1873
which made travel easier.
• First ‘Round the world tour’ in 1872.
51. YEAR MILESTONE
01 4000BC Invention of money by Sumerians (Babylonia)
02 5th-15th
century AD
Dark Era of Tourism
03 AD 1763-
1773
Renaissance stage of tourism
04 1820 Introduction of regular steamboat services
05 1830 First passenger train service begins
06 1841 Thomas Cook began running a special excursion
train from Leicester to Loughborough (England)
07 1867 Thomas Cook introduced Hotel voucher
08 1872 Thomas Cook first organized ‘the round the world
trip’
09 1873 ‘Circular note’ was introduced by Thomas Cook
10 1888-89 The Savoy, Claridges, and Carlton hotels were
52. 11 1903 Airplane’s first flight at Kitty Hawk, North
Carolina by the Wright brothers
12 1903 The first major hotel company-Trust Houses- opens
a chain of hotels through out Britain
13 1920 Chartered flights appear in tourism
14 AD1945 IATA was established
15 1947 IUOTO was constituted
16 1950 Commercial air transportation increased
and air transportation became cheaper
17 1958 Boeing 707 jet was introduced
18 1966 UFTAA was founded
19 1970 First wide-bodied jet (Boeing 747) appeared in
service(capable of carrying 400 pax)
20 1975 WTO began its legal existence
53. End of part- 2 of
the lesson on
Tourism.
See you in the next
session.