The document discusses West African kingdoms and their interactions with Europeans through trade and slavery. It describes how West Africans had advanced societies and traded gold, spices, and other goods as part of an extensive trading network. When Europeans entered the trade, some West African elites helped supply slaves, which the Europeans transported to the Americas. While the Portuguese initially hoped to colonize Africa, they found African armies strong and faced deadly tropical diseases, so they focused on trade instead of settlement. Trade benefited both African kingdoms and the growing Portuguese economy.
Learn about the European exploration and colonisation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Aztecs and Incans, Atlantic slave trade, Columbian exchange are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
Learn about the European exploration and colonisation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Aztecs and Incans, Atlantic slave trade, Columbian exchange are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
Santander y Cepsa lanzan una tarjeta de crédito para empresarios y autónomosBANCO SANTANDER
Banco Santander y Cepsa se han unido para ofrecer a autónomos y a empresas la nueva tarjeta de crédito Santander Advance Cepsa, con la que podrán realizar todos los pagos de su actividad profesional y se comercializará a través de la red de oficinas del Banco.
that takes place in the afternoon and that's what the judges bring all the contenders out on stage begin to see the whole lot that they can parallel Pinkest against each other for example doing quarter turns doing front double biceps do inside chest doing all the mandatory poses want to see him next to each other because everybody looks great standing by themselves with the prejudging does is a let you see I'm not only by themselves but that allows the judges to compare the top people against each other skyways with this crap little from analyzed pies tests are 8:30 help there it is yell to the pizza place she
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docxhyacinthshackley2629
1/12/16
Syllabus overview
Primary vs secondary sources
1/14/16
Ren. and Recon. In Red White and Black (Johnson 2-2; Brinkley Chapter 1)
Image: romantic view of Columbus setting foot in the new world
I. Intro Big Themes
II. The world ca. 15th century
III. Portuguese Beginnings
IV. Columbus the 1st Conquistador
America Discovery
Norse occupation of upper Canada during the middle ages
Basque fishermen fishing off of the New England and Upper Canada
Population estimates of 15-50 million of Native American descent in 1492
15th century = 1400s
Looking at the world during the 1400s, with broad brushstrokes laying out some of the rpe conditions for conquest in the hew world.
What were the goals and provisions of the Europeans that instigated them breaking from tradition and setting out to discover.
The real pioneers were the Portuguese, outside of brazil they do not have a large presence in the New World
Big Themes:
Conquest changed everything, most momentous single event that historians can think of. It changed the fortunes of the entire globe.
In the 15th century Europe was emerging from the middle ages, sometimes refered to as the dark ages and as prospering especially in maritime states, such as Genoa where Columbus was born. It was however a sideshow of the economic worlds wealth. Much of the worlds trading systems was being traded across land or hugging the coasts between Europe and the far east. Along the silk roads. Europe lay at the very end of these roads.
By being at the end of the roads Europe was on the periphery. This changed with the age of exploration.
Exploration completely changed the map of the world. What Europeans changed despite the map was to create an Atlantic system of trade and commerce, sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade. Trade between Europe-Africa-New World (N. and S. America and the Caribbean)
The rise of the west was built on this Atlantic system. The fortunes of Europe over the next 500 years will be laid economically, politically, militarily, etc. in the colonial outposts in the New World.
Effects dramatic in other locations as well.
Africa will export slaves to work vast plantations, mining facilities, as well as other things that were done to produce wealth. The fortunes of Africans thus will be dramatically transformed.
No less dramatic to Native Americans 15-50 million indigenous inhabitants of N. and S. America. It has been estimated that a figure as high as 90% died within a century of Columbus’s ‘discovery.’
The first group that Europeans hope to enslave are N. Americans and some die from overwork, and labor.
Most die due to disease-smallpox, etc.
For peoples of Asia and Middle East will see their fortunes change in particular to that of Europe. Prior to the discoveries the east was the center of the knowledge, wealth and power, with the Middle East as Middle men in the trade routes also benefitting.
With the development of the trade routes these centers of power would diminish
Q: did the.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. The West African
Kingdom
We looked at the
Americas yesterday,
today we will study
one other
connection, The
West African
Kingdoms.
3. Life in an African Tribe
Across the ocean
from the Americas,
on the western
coast of Africa,
people lived in
societies that had
much in common
with Native
American societies.
West Africans
believed in a wide
range of spirits.
Most of the people
made their living
from the land.
4. Africa’s Trade Network
For centuries, West
African kingdoms had
been part of a vast trading
network that stretched
through Europe, India, and
Asia. West Africans
exported gold, copper,
cloth, and spices. They
became famous for their
skills at weaving cloth,
forging, iron, and crafting
ornaments from copper
and gold.
5. Africa’s Slave Trade
West African kingdoms were usually ruled by a wealthy
group of elites, who maintained their power by
controlling trade. When Europeans became interested
in the slave trade, these elites helped the Europeans
take advantage of existing trade networks. This made it
easy to acquire large numbers of enslaved West
Africans.
6. Europe Vs Africa
The Portuguese took the lead in ocean exploration. They sailed
down Africa’s western coast looking for gold and spices. They
claimed African islands as Portuguese territory. Although the main
motive for exploration was economic, explorers used religion to
justify their territorial claims.
The Portuguese were Catholics, who believed all land belonged to
God. At the time, most Catholics believed God’s representative on
earth, the Pope, had the right to give lands governed by non-
Christians to Christian rulers. Pope Nicholas V granted the
Portuguese rights to all the land they found in return for a promise
to convert the inhabitants. He also gave them permission to kill or
enslave anyone who resisted Christianity. Pope Alexander VI gave
similar rights to Spain in 1493.
7. Europe Vs Africa
At first, the Portuguese thought they might be able to
take over African kingdoms. But they quickly found that
Africans had effective defenses. The king of Kongo
could raise an army of 80,000 men. African ships were
smaller than European ships, but they kept Europeans
from sailing up the rivers that led to major cities.
Africa also had a hidden weapon—disease. Africa was
home to deadly tropical diseases that Europeans had
never encountered. Thousands of European sailors died
during their trips to Africa, and few survived long stays
on the mainland. In the end, Europeans settled for
trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
10. Europe and Africa
Trade
Africans welcomed European trade. African leaders
increased their prestige by distributing new European
goods. For some rulers, Christianity also offered a new
form of spiritual authority, which they added to their
religious beliefs. Kongo king Nzinga Nkuma, for example,
got baptized and adopted a new name in honor of the
Portuguese monarch.
The Portuguese purchased pepper from Benin, gold from
the Gold Coast, and cloth and ivory from Kongo. They also
bought a few enslaved Africans. Eventually, Portuguese
sailors made their way around the tip of Africa and reached
India. The new route gave Portugal access to the rich
trading ports of India and Asia. Trade helped Portugal
become a wealthy country.
Editor's Notes
We looked at the Americas yesterday, today we will study one other connection, The West African Kingdoms.
Across the ocean from the Americas, on the western coast of Africa, people lived in societies that had much in common with Native American societies. West Africans believed in a wide range of spirits. Most of the people made their living from the land.
For centuries, West African kingdoms had been part of a vast trading network that stretched through Europe, India, and Asia. West Africans exported gold, copper, cloth, and spices. They became famous for their skills at weaving cloth, forging, iron, and crafting ornaments from copper and gold.
West African kingdoms were usually ruled by a wealthy group of elites, who maintained their power by controlling trade. When Europeans became interested in the slave trade, these elites helped the Europeans take advantage of existing trade networks. This made it easy to acquire large numbers of enslaved West Africans.
The Portuguese took the lead in ocean exploration. They sailed down Africa’s western coast looking for gold and spices. They claimed African islands as Portuguese territory. Although the main motive for exploration was economic, explorers used religion to justify their territorial claims.
The Portuguese were Catholics, who believed all land belonged to God. At the time, most Catholics believed God’s representative on earth, the Pope, had the right to give lands governed by non-Christians to Christian rulers. Pope Nicholas V granted the Portuguese rights to all the land they found in return for a promise to convert the inhabitants. He also gave them permission to kill or enslave anyone who resisted Christianity. Pope Alexander VI gave similar rights to Spain in 1493.
At first, the Portuguese thought they might be able to take over African kingdoms. But they quickly found that Africans had effective defenses. The king of Kongo could raise an army of 80,000 men. African ships were smaller than European ships, but they kept Europeans from sailing up the rivers that led to major cities.
Africa also had a hidden weapon—disease. Africa was home to deadly tropical diseases that Europeans had never encountered. Thousands of European sailors died during their trips to Africa, and few survived long stays on the mainland. In the end, Europeans settled for trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
The Portuguese took the lead in ocean exploration. They sailed down Africa’s western coast looking for gold and spices. They claimed African islands as Portuguese territory. Although the main motive for exploration was economic, explorers used religion to justify their territorial claims.
The Portuguese were Catholics, who believed all land belonged to God. At the time, most Catholics believed God’s representative on earth, the Pope, had the right to give lands governed by non-Christians to Christian rulers. Pope Nicholas V granted the Portuguese rights to all the land they found in return for a promise to convert the inhabitants. He also gave them permission to kill or enslave anyone who resisted Christianity. Pope Alexander VI gave similar rights to Spain in 1493.
At first, the Portuguese thought they might be able to take over African kingdoms. But they quickly found that Africans had effective defenses. The king of Kongo could raise an army of 80,000 men. African ships were smaller than European ships, but they kept Europeans from sailing up the rivers that led to major cities.
Africa also had a hidden weapon—disease. Africa was home to deadly tropical diseases that Europeans had never encountered. Thousands of European sailors died during their trips to Africa, and few survived long stays on the mainland. In the end, Europeans settled for trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
The Portuguese took the lead in ocean exploration. They sailed down Africa’s western coast looking for gold and spices. They claimed African islands as Portuguese territory. Although the main motive for exploration was economic, explorers used religion to justify their territorial claims.
The Portuguese were Catholics, who believed all land belonged to God. At the time, most Catholics believed God’s representative on earth, the Pope, had the right to give lands governed by non-Christians to Christian rulers. Pope Nicholas V granted the Portuguese rights to all the land they found in return for a promise to convert the inhabitants. He also gave them permission to kill or enslave anyone who resisted Christianity. Pope Alexander VI gave similar rights to Spain in 1493.
At first, the Portuguese thought they might be able to take over African kingdoms. But they quickly found that Africans had effective defenses. The king of Kongo could raise an army of 80,000 men. African ships were smaller than European ships, but they kept Europeans from sailing up the rivers that led to major cities.
Africa also had a hidden weapon—disease. Africa was home to deadly tropical diseases that Europeans had never encountered. Thousands of European sailors died during their trips to Africa, and few survived long stays on the mainland. In the end, Europeans settled for trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
In the end, Europeans settled for trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
In the end, Europeans settled for trading in Africa instead of settling on the lands.
