The Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel is a complex integrated resort located along Marina Bay in Singapore. It was designed by Moshe Safdie with local architects and engineers and cost $5.7 billion to construct. Industrialized Building Systems were used to speed up construction, reduce costs, and provide a more environmentally friendly process. Prefabricated components, shear walls, piles, and steel structures were utilized. The hotel features 2,560 rooms across three 55-story towers connected at the top by a 12,400 square meter SkyPark that is 200 meters above the ground.
The two Emirates Towers in Dubai are located in the financial district and are among the tallest buildings in the world. Tower 1 is 354.6 meters tall and Tower 2 is 309 meters tall. They were completed between 1996-2000 and were the tallest buildings in Dubai until the construction of Burj Khalifa. The towers contain offices, luxury hotel rooms, restaurants, and shopping and are connected at the base. Their distinctive silver and glass exteriors have become symbols of modern Dubai.
This document provides information about the Taipei 101 skyscraper built in Taiwan. Some key details include:
- It was designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and Thornton Tomasetti Engineers, with a steel and concrete structure.
- Construction began in 1998 and was completed in 2004, resulting in a 101-floor, 508m tall office and retail complex.
- Its distinctive design was inspired by bamboo, with modules of 8 floors flaring at the top to reference the lucky number 8 in Chinese culture.
This document provides details on the Taipei 101 skyscraper located in Taipei, Taiwan. Some key points:
- Taipei 101 was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common to the region, with the ability to withstand winds up to 134 mph and a 7.0 magnitude earthquake expected every 2,500 years.
- It has 101 floors and reaches 508 meters in height, making it the tallest building at the time.
- The design uses 36 support columns, including 8 large "mega-columns", along with outrigger trusses and dampers to provide strength and flexibility against strong winds and earthquakes.
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
The Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taiwan elevates a substantial part of its program to create an open public square underneath. By lifting the main plateau, panoramic views of the city are created. The building contains more void space in the form of this three-dimensional urban square than mass. The square fundamentally becomes part of the building and is activated by various balconies and terraces with different programs. The four "legs" of the building that support the horizontal slab are each programmed differently and contain performance spaces at varying altitudes, connected by a system of loops, stairs, and elevators.
High-rise commercial buildings are icons of modern society that symbolize the power of commerce. They add a third dimension to cities. For businesses, having an office in an attractive high-rise building provides advantages like better customer confidence and corporate identity. A high-rise is defined as a building over 35 meters tall, constructed using a structural frame and elevators. High-rises are classified by style and have various structural forms determined by factors like human scale, climate and cost. Their loads come from gravity, weather, and human use. Core elements include stairs, elevators, and utilities that provide vertical circulation and access.
The document provides information on six high-rise building case studies located in India, China, and Taiwan. Key details included are the project name, location, architect, program type, height, floor counts, and status. The projects range from residential to mixed-use and include the Kanchanjunga Apartment in Mumbai, the first high-rise building in the city, as well as more recent developments like Kohinoor Square, an under-construction mixed-use skyscraper in Mumbai. Other case studies described are the Linked Hybrid complex in Beijing, Taipei 101 in Taiwan, and the Aquaria Grande residential towers in Mumbai.
The two Emirates Towers in Dubai are located in the financial district and are among the tallest buildings in the world. Tower 1 is 354.6 meters tall and Tower 2 is 309 meters tall. They were completed between 1996-2000 and were the tallest buildings in Dubai until the construction of Burj Khalifa. The towers contain offices, luxury hotel rooms, restaurants, and shopping and are connected at the base. Their distinctive silver and glass exteriors have become symbols of modern Dubai.
This document provides information about the Taipei 101 skyscraper built in Taiwan. Some key details include:
- It was designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and Thornton Tomasetti Engineers, with a steel and concrete structure.
- Construction began in 1998 and was completed in 2004, resulting in a 101-floor, 508m tall office and retail complex.
- Its distinctive design was inspired by bamboo, with modules of 8 floors flaring at the top to reference the lucky number 8 in Chinese culture.
This document provides details on the Taipei 101 skyscraper located in Taipei, Taiwan. Some key points:
- Taipei 101 was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common to the region, with the ability to withstand winds up to 134 mph and a 7.0 magnitude earthquake expected every 2,500 years.
- It has 101 floors and reaches 508 meters in height, making it the tallest building at the time.
- The design uses 36 support columns, including 8 large "mega-columns", along with outrigger trusses and dampers to provide strength and flexibility against strong winds and earthquakes.
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
The Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taiwan elevates a substantial part of its program to create an open public square underneath. By lifting the main plateau, panoramic views of the city are created. The building contains more void space in the form of this three-dimensional urban square than mass. The square fundamentally becomes part of the building and is activated by various balconies and terraces with different programs. The four "legs" of the building that support the horizontal slab are each programmed differently and contain performance spaces at varying altitudes, connected by a system of loops, stairs, and elevators.
High-rise commercial buildings are icons of modern society that symbolize the power of commerce. They add a third dimension to cities. For businesses, having an office in an attractive high-rise building provides advantages like better customer confidence and corporate identity. A high-rise is defined as a building over 35 meters tall, constructed using a structural frame and elevators. High-rises are classified by style and have various structural forms determined by factors like human scale, climate and cost. Their loads come from gravity, weather, and human use. Core elements include stairs, elevators, and utilities that provide vertical circulation and access.
The document provides information on six high-rise building case studies located in India, China, and Taiwan. Key details included are the project name, location, architect, program type, height, floor counts, and status. The projects range from residential to mixed-use and include the Kanchanjunga Apartment in Mumbai, the first high-rise building in the city, as well as more recent developments like Kohinoor Square, an under-construction mixed-use skyscraper in Mumbai. Other case studies described are the Linked Hybrid complex in Beijing, Taipei 101 in Taiwan, and the Aquaria Grande residential towers in Mumbai.
This document summarizes the structural design and materials used in the Heydar Aliyev Culture Center in Baku, Azerbaijan. It describes how the main building uses reinforced concrete and a composite steel frame. The roof structure is a unique space frame design made of steel. High-performance materials like glass and stone were used for the curtain walls, interior and exterior solid skin panels to meet architectural and technical requirements.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document summarizes a case study of the Vancouver Convention Center expansion project in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The expansion was designed by LMN Architects, Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership, and DA Architects & Planners to triple the capacity of the original convention center. Key aspects of the design include its horizontal emphasis to preserve views, an extensive green roof, and floor-to-ceiling glazing allowing views of the waterfront. The expansion provides over 1 million square feet of new exhibition halls, ballrooms, meeting rooms, and outdoor event spaces.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
The document provides floor plans and zoning information for Kohinoor Square, a high-rise mixed-use development. The main building has five floors of retail space at the bottom and 42 floors of commercial offices above. The top five floors contain a five-star hotel. The residential building has 13 floors of parking and 19 floors of housing above. Both buildings have central cores containing elevators, stairs, and refuge floors meeting code requirements.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
Long span structures case study (LINK IN DESCRIPTION FOR DOWNLOAD)Dimple Poddar
Case study on types of Long span structures which are constructed using Trusses, Arches, Beams And portal frames.
LINK TO DOWNLOAD: https://dimpstrail.gumroad.com/l/ceqjk
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BANK MANAGEMENT (NIBM), PUNEjagrutib22
The National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM) in Pune, India was established in 1969 by the Reserve Bank of India to provide research, training, education and consulting services to the banking sector. It is located on a 60-acre campus with residential and educational facilities. The campus buildings were designed to be responsive to the local climate, utilizing materials like stone and a modular layout with courtyards to promote cross ventilation.
Darpana academy performing arts, Ahemdabad vernacular ARCHITECTUREPreeti Kansal
The Sarabhai Dance Centre in Ahmedabad, India was designed in 1965 by architect A.P Kanvinde for dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai. The two-story building includes classrooms, offices, and support spaces on the ground floor with the director's residence on the upper level. It takes advantage of its location next to the Sabarmati River by orienting an open-air terrace toward the river view. The exposed brick and concrete structure uses passive solar design principles like shading and windows optimized for daylighting to reduce energy demands.
The Interlace is a large housing complex located in Singapore consisting of 31 apartment blocks arranged around 8 central courtyards. It was designed by Ole Scheeren to maximize green space by stacking apartments and incorporating extensive roof gardens and terraces. The complex contains over 1,000 residential units of varying sizes, underground parking for 2,600 cars, and various public amenities like clubhouses and retail space. The interlocking block design aims to create a more connected residential environment compared to isolated high-rise towers.
This document outlines the design concept for a new vegetable market in Silvassa, U.T. Dadar & Nagar Haveli, India. It includes an analysis of the existing site conditions, proposed design parameters, and conceptual plans and sections for the new market. The market will be located on a 6,475 sqm plot and include around 500 vendor stalls, parking, administrative offices, and separate entrance/exits for vehicles and pedestrians. The multi-level design incorporates the market at ground level with additional floors above for future expansion and basement levels for vehicle parking.
The Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. It uses a combination of a concrete structure and space frame system to achieve large column-free interior spaces under its curved exterior. The space frame enabled construction of the free-form structure and uses vertical elements absorbed by the envelope. Reinforced concrete is used for shear walls and foundations, while the space frame, concrete, and glass fiber reinforced polyester and concrete panels create the distinctive curved surface.
This document discusses the modular design and facade case study of a multi-functional sports hall in Cluj Napoca, Romania. Originally planned with monolithic concrete frames, the design was changed to precast concrete elements to reduce construction time from 36 to 12 months. The roof structure is made of steel space trusses with a clear span of 64 meters. Joints in the truss were analyzed using finite element modeling to ensure structural stability and capacity. The building provides seating for 7,000 spectators and space for various sports and cultural events.
The Turning Torso is a 190-meter residential skyscraper located in Malmo, Sweden that was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. Some key details:
- It has a twisting form composed of nine concrete cubes that twist 90 degrees from the base to the top.
- The central concrete core provides structural support, containing elevators and staircases. An exterior steel exoskeleton transfers wind loads and allows the concrete floors to cantilever.
- Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2005, using a unique climbing form system to pour the concrete floors which rotated 1.6 degrees with each level.
- The skyscraper contains residential units and office space and utilizes sustainable design principles
Taipei 101 is a 101-story landmark skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. At 508 meters tall, it held the title of world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010. Some key features include its bamboo-inspired architectural design, use of a tuned mass damper to withstand strong winds, double-paned energy efficient glass curtain walls, and indoor and outdoor observatories. It was awarded LEED platinum certification, making it the world's largest and highest certified green building. Construction faced challenges like Taiwan's weak soil conditions and typhoon winds, which the braced core and outrigger truss structural system helped overcome.
The document describes Bosjes Chapel, a chapel located in South Africa designed by Steyn Studio. It has a slim concrete cast shell roof structure that dramatically falls to meet the ground. The roof supports itself through undulations and rises to peaks with expanses of glazing. Inside, the open assembly space has highly polished terrazzo floors that reflect light and a whitewashed undulating ceiling.
The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.
The document discusses rules of thumb for determining the number of elevators needed in high-rise office buildings. It states that one elevator is required for every 45,000 square feet of usable space, and the ratio of floors to elevators should be between 2:1 and 2.5:1 depending on building occupancy. No single elevator group should serve more than 16 floors or include more than 8 elevators. Service elevators are required for buildings over 9 floors. Special areas like cafeterias may also increase elevator needs. Examples of institutional buildings in Thailand are provided.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
The document discusses skyscrapers and provides information on their raw materials, design, tallest buildings, and costs. It notes that skyscrapers are made of reinforced concrete and steel frames, with curtain walls that bear weight or are suspended. Design considers wind loads, and tall proposals face challenges like elevator speeds. The Burj Khalifa is the tallest at 828 meters, while average skyscraper costs are around $800 million but can vary significantly based on location and other factors.
This document summarizes the structural design and materials used in the Heydar Aliyev Culture Center in Baku, Azerbaijan. It describes how the main building uses reinforced concrete and a composite steel frame. The roof structure is a unique space frame design made of steel. High-performance materials like glass and stone were used for the curtain walls, interior and exterior solid skin panels to meet architectural and technical requirements.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document summarizes a case study of the Vancouver Convention Center expansion project in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The expansion was designed by LMN Architects, Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership, and DA Architects & Planners to triple the capacity of the original convention center. Key aspects of the design include its horizontal emphasis to preserve views, an extensive green roof, and floor-to-ceiling glazing allowing views of the waterfront. The expansion provides over 1 million square feet of new exhibition halls, ballrooms, meeting rooms, and outdoor event spaces.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
The document provides floor plans and zoning information for Kohinoor Square, a high-rise mixed-use development. The main building has five floors of retail space at the bottom and 42 floors of commercial offices above. The top five floors contain a five-star hotel. The residential building has 13 floors of parking and 19 floors of housing above. Both buildings have central cores containing elevators, stairs, and refuge floors meeting code requirements.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
Long span structures case study (LINK IN DESCRIPTION FOR DOWNLOAD)Dimple Poddar
Case study on types of Long span structures which are constructed using Trusses, Arches, Beams And portal frames.
LINK TO DOWNLOAD: https://dimpstrail.gumroad.com/l/ceqjk
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BANK MANAGEMENT (NIBM), PUNEjagrutib22
The National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM) in Pune, India was established in 1969 by the Reserve Bank of India to provide research, training, education and consulting services to the banking sector. It is located on a 60-acre campus with residential and educational facilities. The campus buildings were designed to be responsive to the local climate, utilizing materials like stone and a modular layout with courtyards to promote cross ventilation.
Darpana academy performing arts, Ahemdabad vernacular ARCHITECTUREPreeti Kansal
The Sarabhai Dance Centre in Ahmedabad, India was designed in 1965 by architect A.P Kanvinde for dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai. The two-story building includes classrooms, offices, and support spaces on the ground floor with the director's residence on the upper level. It takes advantage of its location next to the Sabarmati River by orienting an open-air terrace toward the river view. The exposed brick and concrete structure uses passive solar design principles like shading and windows optimized for daylighting to reduce energy demands.
The Interlace is a large housing complex located in Singapore consisting of 31 apartment blocks arranged around 8 central courtyards. It was designed by Ole Scheeren to maximize green space by stacking apartments and incorporating extensive roof gardens and terraces. The complex contains over 1,000 residential units of varying sizes, underground parking for 2,600 cars, and various public amenities like clubhouses and retail space. The interlocking block design aims to create a more connected residential environment compared to isolated high-rise towers.
This document outlines the design concept for a new vegetable market in Silvassa, U.T. Dadar & Nagar Haveli, India. It includes an analysis of the existing site conditions, proposed design parameters, and conceptual plans and sections for the new market. The market will be located on a 6,475 sqm plot and include around 500 vendor stalls, parking, administrative offices, and separate entrance/exits for vehicles and pedestrians. The multi-level design incorporates the market at ground level with additional floors above for future expansion and basement levels for vehicle parking.
The Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. It uses a combination of a concrete structure and space frame system to achieve large column-free interior spaces under its curved exterior. The space frame enabled construction of the free-form structure and uses vertical elements absorbed by the envelope. Reinforced concrete is used for shear walls and foundations, while the space frame, concrete, and glass fiber reinforced polyester and concrete panels create the distinctive curved surface.
This document discusses the modular design and facade case study of a multi-functional sports hall in Cluj Napoca, Romania. Originally planned with monolithic concrete frames, the design was changed to precast concrete elements to reduce construction time from 36 to 12 months. The roof structure is made of steel space trusses with a clear span of 64 meters. Joints in the truss were analyzed using finite element modeling to ensure structural stability and capacity. The building provides seating for 7,000 spectators and space for various sports and cultural events.
The Turning Torso is a 190-meter residential skyscraper located in Malmo, Sweden that was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. Some key details:
- It has a twisting form composed of nine concrete cubes that twist 90 degrees from the base to the top.
- The central concrete core provides structural support, containing elevators and staircases. An exterior steel exoskeleton transfers wind loads and allows the concrete floors to cantilever.
- Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2005, using a unique climbing form system to pour the concrete floors which rotated 1.6 degrees with each level.
- The skyscraper contains residential units and office space and utilizes sustainable design principles
Taipei 101 is a 101-story landmark skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. At 508 meters tall, it held the title of world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010. Some key features include its bamboo-inspired architectural design, use of a tuned mass damper to withstand strong winds, double-paned energy efficient glass curtain walls, and indoor and outdoor observatories. It was awarded LEED platinum certification, making it the world's largest and highest certified green building. Construction faced challenges like Taiwan's weak soil conditions and typhoon winds, which the braced core and outrigger truss structural system helped overcome.
The document describes Bosjes Chapel, a chapel located in South Africa designed by Steyn Studio. It has a slim concrete cast shell roof structure that dramatically falls to meet the ground. The roof supports itself through undulations and rises to peaks with expanses of glazing. Inside, the open assembly space has highly polished terrazzo floors that reflect light and a whitewashed undulating ceiling.
The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.
The document discusses rules of thumb for determining the number of elevators needed in high-rise office buildings. It states that one elevator is required for every 45,000 square feet of usable space, and the ratio of floors to elevators should be between 2:1 and 2.5:1 depending on building occupancy. No single elevator group should serve more than 16 floors or include more than 8 elevators. Service elevators are required for buildings over 9 floors. Special areas like cafeterias may also increase elevator needs. Examples of institutional buildings in Thailand are provided.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
The document discusses skyscrapers and provides information on their raw materials, design, tallest buildings, and costs. It notes that skyscrapers are made of reinforced concrete and steel frames, with curtain walls that bear weight or are suspended. Design considers wind loads, and tall proposals face challenges like elevator speeds. The Burj Khalifa is the tallest at 828 meters, while average skyscraper costs are around $800 million but can vary significantly based on location and other factors.
The document discusses the Marina Bay Sands project in Singapore. It was a complex integrated resort development completed in 2010 with over 2,500 hotel rooms, a large convention center, shopping mall, museum, theaters, and casino. Some of the major challenges included building on reclaimed land requiring deep foundations, constructing the inclined towers which involved complex temporary works, and building the cantilevered SkyPark that bridges the towers and had to accommodate tower movements. The project ultimately went 58% over its initial budget estimate due to rising construction costs and labor shortages.
The document provides an overview of the Bahria Icon Tower construction project in Karachi, Pakistan. It describes the project details including its three tower structures of varying heights, basement levels, parking capacity, and electrical generation. It also summarizes the structural elements and materials used, such as composite deck slabs, steel girders, reinforced concrete columns, core walls, and perimeter beams. Modern equipment like MEVA formwork is being used to efficiently construct the building's core walls.
This document appears to be an assignment for a Building Technology course that outlines proposed construction systems for a community library project. It includes sections on the facade system (types A and B), structural system (composite floor system), and roof system. For each system, it provides precedent studies that describe materials, construction methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It also includes proposed facade designs and a sectional perspective of the building. The objective of the assignment is for students to study complex construction systems and understand how to integrate practical considerations into the design process.
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport—Integrated Terminal BuildingAnupama Krishnan
The document summarizes the structural engineering design of the new integrated terminal building at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India. Some key points:
1) The 410,000 sqm terminal building features one of the largest roofs in the world without expansion joints, supported by only 30 composite mega-columns spaced up to 64m apart, creating a large column-free space.
2) The 70,000 sqm roof is a long-span steel structure with trusses in both orthogonal and diagonal grids to achieve spans of up to 40m with a shallow depth of only 4m.
3) The building features the world's largest and longest cable wall system at
Performance of ibs precast concrete beam column connections under earthquake ...Ramin Vaghei
This literature review examines the performance of precast concrete beam-column connections under earthquake effects. It finds that the seismic performance of precast structures depends greatly on the ductility of connectors joining components like beams and columns. Two commonly used connectors identified are the hybrid post-tensioned beam-column connection and the Dywidag Ductile Connector. The review concludes that future research could optimize these connections for use in low seismicity regions, with a focus on practical designs that do not further impede precast construction acceptance.
This document provides information about DOKA table formwork system. It summarizes that the DOKA system uses preassembled modular forms to create suspended concrete floors quickly and with mobility. The forms are made of linked beams, props, and trusses that can be fitted with wheels and moved easily. The document outlines design considerations for the forms including supporting loads, materials used, safety features, and advantages like fast construction, quality finishes, and reusability.
This document is a site visit report for a construction project building two apartment blocks and a car park block. It describes the construction processes observed on site including column construction using formwork and reinforcement, beam construction using formwork and suspended reinforcement, slab formwork using table form systems, and reinforcement using BRC wire mesh. Photos from the site show equipment like scaffolding, reinforcement, cranes, and formwork. The report concludes the site visit provided students a practical understanding of construction techniques and safety practices.
Building Technology I : Project 2 : Construction SolutionsJing Fan Koh
This document provides an overview of a project proposal for a performing arts centre in Kajang Old Town, Malaysia. It includes an introduction to the site context and design brief. Precedent studies are presented on the structural system of steel frame, composite floor system, and metal deck roof with mineral wool. Details are given on the materials and construction processes for each system. The intention of the design is to encourage users to engage with the historical and cultural context of the area through the building and public spaces.
Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on an artificial island in Dubai. It is 321 meters tall and has 202 rooms. The hotel took over 6 years to construct at a cost of $650 million. Some key facts about its design and engineering include:
- It is supported by 230 concrete piles that are 40 meters long driven into the sandy soil below.
- The exterior is clad in glass and aluminum and is designed to resemble the sail of a dhow ship.
- The large atrium is spanned by trusses and enclosed by a lightweight fabric sail that is 161,000 square feet in area.
- Structurally, it relies on steel trusses and cross-bracing
This document provides details of a site visit report for a construction site called D'Latour in Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia. It was organized for students in the Bachelor of Quantity Surveying program. The report describes the objectives of the site visit, observations made during the tour such as scaffolding, formwork, piling and machinery used. It also discusses the different types of formwork - steel, timber and plywood - used at the construction site.
Application of Advanced formwork system for High rise buildings in Chennai, I...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the application of advanced self-climbing formwork systems for high-rise buildings in Chennai, India. It begins with an introduction and literature review of self-climbing formworks. It then presents several case studies of projects in India that used self-climbing formwork systems. The document identifies a proposed high-rise residential project in Chennai to conceptually apply a self-climbing formwork system. It provides a cost analysis comparing the proposed self-climbing system to the traditional aluminum formwork used. The analysis found that a combination of advanced formworks and self-climbing formwork for the core wall would increase costs by
Seismic Study of Building with Roof Top Telecommunication TowersIJERA Editor
Due to the boom in the telecommunication business, number of buildings carrying a roof top tower has been increased rapidly. Most of the building were not originally designed to carry a roof top tower, but later converted to carry roof top towers due to the changed requirements. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the behavior of buildings with roof top tower in the event of an Earth Quake using STAAD pro. A typical commercial building is considered for the analysis. Four towers with height 9m, 15m, 21m, and 27m is considered for the study. The building is analyzed by keeping these towers at four different locations at roof top to identify the most suitable location of the tower. A comparative seismic study between buildings with and without roof top towers is done .Study is carried out to identify the most vulnerable structural members and the relative location of such members in comparison with the tower location. The difference in the forces exerted on the structural members of the building when the tower mass is lumped roof top level and at tower joint is studied in order to find out whether lumping of the tower mass at the roof top will provide satisfactory design or not.
The Aldar Headquarters in Abu Dhabi is the first spherical building in the Middle East. Designed by architect Marwan Zgheib, it has a distinctive semi-spherical shape composed of two curved glass facades linked by a narrow glazed band. With a total area of 123,000 square meters, it was constructed from 2005-2010 using an innovative diagrid structural system of triangular steel members that provided stability and allowed the curved facade. The building received silver LEED certification for its sustainable design including natural lighting, efficient systems, and waste recycling.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of shear wall optimization in multi-storey buildings. It discusses different positions of shear walls, including at the middle, corners, and center of structures. Studies show shear walls improve structural performance under seismic loads by increasing stiffness and strength. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the highest reliability by minimizing drift, while a central location increases base shear and period. Properly designed and detailed shear walls improve earthquake resistance and are widely used in seismic regions.
1) The document summarizes a site visit report to a construction site of two apartment blocks and a serviced apartment.
2) During the visit, students observed various construction materials, processes and equipment used at the site including formwork, scaffolding, concrete and safety practices.
3) Key areas discussed included the types of formwork used for slabs, beams and columns, the use of independent scaffolding outside and inside the building, and details on the grade of concrete poured.
This document provides a summary of a construction site visit report for a student's course on measurement, construction technology, and building materials. The report describes the objectives of the site visit which were to understand construction sequences, building materials, safety procedures, and gain hands-on experience. Key observations from the site included different formwork and scaffolding used, materials being stored, and concrete grades being poured. The student was able to identify uses of various equipment and better understand concepts from class.
The document summarizes the structural design experience of reinforced concrete tall buildings designed by Dar Al-Handasah Consultants over the past 12 years. It discusses key aspects of structural design including:
1) The buildings ranged in height from 80m to 590m and consisted of foundations, basements, podiums, towers, and tower tops, primarily constructed of reinforced concrete.
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Construction technology i singapore gold sand marina bay hotel
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
QSB1514 – Construction Technology 1
Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel
April Semester 2013
Group Assignment: Group 4
Submission Date: 26th June 2013
Name Student ID Marks
Yam Yih Hwan 0305861
Tan Jia Jia 0307766
Yo Kai Sen 0310563
Teoh Tze Yoong 0314756
2. Background Information of Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel
Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel (MBS) is an Integrated Resort fronting Marina Bay
in Singapore, which operated under Las Vegas Sands Corp. (Chua, 2011)MBS is designed by
Canadian Architect named Moshe Safdie with Local Executive Architects Aedas, Pte, Ltd. In
additional, Arup Group Limited is selected as the Structural Engineering for this project whereas
the landscape of this building is designed by Peter Walker & Partners. The entire project area
used is 845,000m2
and the site area used is 154,938m2
. The estimated budget on this project is
USD $5.7 billion. (Safdie Architects, 2010)
MBS began operations on 27 April 2010, and officially opened on 23 June. MBS
comprises of three towers with 55-storey high topped by a 12,400m2
SkyPark. As for the Art
Science Museum, it is shaped like a lotus flower. (Chua, 2011) On top of its three towers, the
Marina Bay Sands was designed as a curious boat-shape and it is placed at the gateway to
Singapore's harbor with strong and highly iconic structure. (Apavisa, n.d.)
(Layout of Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel)
3. Furthermore, MBS offers luxury hotel, casino, retail mall, convention facilities and
entertainment venues including theatres, nightclubs and a museum. It has 2,560 luxury rooms
across three 55-storey hotel towers, totaling 265,683 m2
. (Safdie Architects, 2010) As we know,
Marina Bay Sands is one of the biggest hotelslocated in Singapore; it’s covering 12,400 m2
, and is
over 200 meters altitude. It has a 150 meters infinity-edged swimming pool at 250 meters high
which overlook the view of Singapore skyline. There is a botanical garden which linked on top of
the three 200m high hotels of marina bays where you can find 250 types of tree and 650 species
of plants. (Apavisa, n.d.)
MBS is one of the most complex designs ever built; it is a slopping tower which its angle
as steep as 26 degrees and connecting legs at Level 23 to form a single building. The “Hanging
Gardens” provides a magnificent backdrop which the visitors can overlook the upcoming Gardens
by the Bay. (YourSingapore, 2012)
Structure & Materials used on Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel
Shear walls are used as primary vertical and transverse structural system for all three
towers. (McCafferty, 2011) Additional of concrete core walls located within both legs of each
towers restrain the hotel in the longitudinal direction and help prevent out-of-plane buckling of the
narrow shear walls within both legs of the towers. (McCafferty, 2011) Post-tensioned 8-inch Flat
slabs span directly between the shear walls. (McCafferty, 2011) The flat slab scheme also
provides flexibility in the hotel room layout, to hold a relatively tight 9-foot 10-inch typical floor-to-
floor height, and accommodates flexibility of building services distribution and coordination
throughout each floor. (McCafferty, 2011)
(Diagram of Hotel Components)
4. At level 23, where the story-height steel trusses are located, mechanical floors connected
the legs of the towerto withstand the large shear forces that occur where these meet above the
central atrium. (McCafferty, 2011) The base slab at ground floor level is post-tensioned to resist
the horizontal thrusts produced by the inclined legs. (McCafferty, 2011) Each tower slab form is
also slightly changed in relation to its pair, to increase the slenderness of the buildings, resulting
in the appearance of six towers, instead of three. (Safdie, 2011) There is an energy efficient
double-glazed unit suspended at the edge of the slab and is resting on a frame. (Safdie, 2011)
Perpendicular to the façade, glass fins were installed to provide shading. (Safdie, 2011) In
order to allow it to radiate out in elevation, the glass fins are suspended out of the horizontal stack
joint. (Safdie, 2011) The glass fins are supported by a 3-sided aluminium frame, with the exposed
forward edge, the sun light is been catch, as well as reflections of the façade, to create a specials
effect. (Safdie, 2011) A 30%-reflective glass is used as the fins and to provide shading for the
façade up to 20% of all solar gain. (Safdie, 2011) The belly of the SkyPark is made of more than
9,000 silver-painted metal-composite panels, the panels encloses the mega trusses which bridge
the buildings at level 55, as well as a multitude of back of house spaces. (Safdie, 2011) Material
that mainly used to build Marina Bay Hotel are aluminium and steels as the structural frame and
reinforcement and as well as for the design. (Safdie, 2011)
The material to build the façade of the hotel was carefully chosen to ensure that the
building has a higher Envelope Thermal Transfer Value than the standard. (Mike, 2012)
Whenever possible during the hotel’s construction, the engineers try to use green materials
utilizing recycled products under Singapore’s Green Labeling Scheme – such as drainage cells,
timber decking, drywall partitions and fire-rated doors. (Mike, 2012)
Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) implemented in Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel
Industrialized Building Systems, generally known as IBS throughout Malaysia. In
worldwide, IBS is also known as Pre-fabricated/Pre-fab Construction, Modern Method of
Construction (MMC) and Off-site Construction.Industrialized Building Systems is a method of
construction which uses techniques such as mass production of industrial components in a
controlled environment, and latertransported to construction site for further assembly onto specific
buildings. Each and every one of the pre-cast concrete and pre-fabricated timber/steel structures
are customized and standardized making it more efficient and able to maintain it’s persistent in
quality and quantity. Such pre-cast concrete and pre-fabricated timber/steel structures are
particularly useful for high rise buildings or mass housing estates whereas similar structure can be
replicated.
In the construction of MBS, the foundations system used for the three towers was barrette
piles with a number of bored piles for lighter loaded elements of the structures.Piles are driven
into the soil for transferring loads and prevent deformation. Concrete piles are also used as pre-
5. cast beams to be placed in the structure of the building for the purpose on supporting the building
loadings.
(Foundation of Singapore Gold Sand Marina Bay Hotel)
Furthermore,pre-cast reinforced concrete shear walls, vary from thickness of 28 inches at
the base of the tower to 20 inches of higher floor levels, and are located within 33-foor centres for
each of the three towers. Shear walls are used as primary vertical and transverse structural
system for all three towers.
(Shear walls of three towers)
6. On top of the MBS is where the SkyPark located. Steel structure for the SkyParkwas pre-
fabricated off-site in 14 primary segments. Then, truck the pre-fabricated steel structure to site
and lift them into place for assembly onto the top of the tower. The bridging sections extending
between adjacent towers each consist of three 400-ton bridge trusses that were pre-assembled at
grade. Totalof 7,000 tons steelwork was erected into the SkyPark to maintain and support its
weight.
(Primary Pre-Fabricated steelsegments)
Advantages of Industrialized Building Systems (IBS)
During the construction, Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) able to increase the
construction speed of MBS by providing pre-cast and pre-fabricatedcomponents. As compared to
normal build, it is much fasteras it doesn’t required labours to construct it step by step. There are
factories that provide pre-cast/pre-fabricated components, saving up time andspeed up the
process of construction. Industrialized Building Systems componentsonly work at the site,
therefore pre-cast/pre-fabricated components must be brought over to site for further assembly. It
also provides flexibility in the design of pre-cast element so that different systems
may produce their own unique pre-fabrication construction methods.
(Fabrication The podium roofs)(Fabrication Sand SkyPark)
7. Besides that, Industrialized Building Systems also helped to save up costs on the
construction of MBS. WithinIndustrialized Building Systems, there is aluminum, steel, timber and
other materials of formwork that can be reused while pouring the concrete. By using these
systems, itcan reduce the numbers of labours. For examples, the needs for skilled workers, bar-
benders and carpenters can be reduced.
Furthermore, Industrialized Building Systems allowed the construction of MBSto build in a
moreeco-friendly environment. The usagesof timber formwork will be lesser down andwastage of
construction materials can be reducedwhile usingIndustrialized Building Systems in the
construction. The system helps to increase the safety and neatness conditionof site. The systems
also help to avoid the delay on construction works affected by weather. Due to the components of
Industrialized Building Systems, the effects of weather on construction operation became lesser.
In conclusion, Industrialized Building Systems able to save up time, cost, and provide a
more eco-friendly environment during the construction of MBS.
9. References:
Advantages of Industrialized Building Systems (IBS)
1. Incik. Mohd Nazli. (2011, March 28). Engineer Thinking..; Advantages of industrialised
building system (IBS). Retrieved from http://inginiur.blogspot.com/2011/03/advantages-of-
industrialised-building.html
2. Yong, E. (2011, May 7). Eric Yong’s Blog;The Advantages & Disadvantages of the
Industrialized Building Systems (IBS). Retrieved from
http://eforericyong.blogspot.com/2011/07/advantages-disadvantages-of.html
3. Juan Maier, B. M. (2012). The Marina Bay Sands Special Issue; the Arup Journal.
Retrieved from www.arup.com/Publications/~/media/Files/.../Arup_Journal_1_2012.ashx