The document summarizes the structural engineering design of the new integrated terminal building at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India. Some key points:
1) The 410,000 sqm terminal building features one of the largest roofs in the world without expansion joints, supported by only 30 composite mega-columns spaced up to 64m apart, creating a large column-free space.
2) The 70,000 sqm roof is a long-span steel structure with trusses in both orthogonal and diagonal grids to achieve spans of up to 40m with a shallow depth of only 4m.
3) The building features the world's largest and longest cable wall system at
This document provides details about Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India. It describes the airport's history, facilities, and design. The new Terminal 2 opened in 2014 and was designed to reflect Mumbai's culture, featuring design elements inspired by peacocks and incorporating local materials. The airport consists of two terminals and two intersecting runways that can accommodate large aircraft. Terminal 2 handles international and some domestic flights, while Terminal 1 handles domestic flights.
The Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, China is the second tallest building in the world standing at 632 meters tall with 128 stories. Completed in 2014, it contains office, retail, and residential space as well as a hotel and observatory. Sustainable design was a priority, with green spaces covering 33% of the site and strategies like daylighting, sun shading, intelligent building controls, on-site power generation, and local sourcing of materials. Its unique spiraling shape is engineered to control wind loads and reduces structural material needs.
Beijing daxing international airport world's first airport with single terminalarchitecturesideas
Zaha Hadid Architects is known for its amazing architect design of buildings. Here is detailed information of Beijing Daxing International Airport by these architects. To know more visit http://bit.ly/2oRxxlY
The document discusses tall buildings and provides case studies of several high-rise buildings including Arihant Aura in Mumbai, Burj Khalifa in Dubai, and The Shard in London. It covers definitions of high-rise buildings, the need for tall structures, and key aspects of high-rise design such as structural systems, foundations, elevators, wind engineering, and cladding. The case study of Burj Khalifa specifically highlights its Y-shaped structural core and tapering profile that help manage wind loads and lateral forces.
The document outlines a thesis report submitted by Saurav Chaudhary for their architectural thesis project on the Noida Habitat Centre in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. The report includes an acknowledgement, recommendation, and declaration section. It then provides a synopsis of the project, including an introduction to habitat centres, the objectives, aims, scope, and site details of the Noida Habitat Centre project. The methodology section outlines the site study, literature review, case studies, programming and area analysis, concept development, design stages, and final design that will be included.
The document provides information on the existing Chennai Trade Center facility including its site area, constructed buildings, hall capacities, and parking. It notes several defects in the current building including a lack of separate VIP facilities and modern amenities. It then discusses plans for a Phase 2 development on a 9.15 acre site that would include expanded exhibition and convention space, meeting rooms, a hotel, and other facilities to promote business and trade. Key metrics like projected building area, occupancy rates, and standards for space and amenities are presented.
The Kohinoor Square project is a mixed-use skyscraper development under construction in Mumbai, India. It comprises a 203m main building with commercial and hotel space, and a 142m residential building. The complex utilizes sustainable design features like sky gardens, high-performance glazing, and rainwater harvesting. It has a composite structural system and pile raft foundation to support the tall towers. Floor plans show retail, office, and residential spaces of different sizes across multiple floors.
CIDCO CONVENTION CENTRE ,VASHI,NAVI MUMBAI AS LIVE CASE STUDY AND INDIAN HAB...prateek Dulani
This is a third year architectural case study for a city centre conducted and completed over a period of 5 days. Case study of cidco convention centre navi mumbai and indian habitat centre
done by- prateek dulani,
joshua fernanandes
yash prathyani
yash parmar
prachi warkad
manasi sonar
priya varma
This document provides details about Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India. It describes the airport's history, facilities, and design. The new Terminal 2 opened in 2014 and was designed to reflect Mumbai's culture, featuring design elements inspired by peacocks and incorporating local materials. The airport consists of two terminals and two intersecting runways that can accommodate large aircraft. Terminal 2 handles international and some domestic flights, while Terminal 1 handles domestic flights.
The Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, China is the second tallest building in the world standing at 632 meters tall with 128 stories. Completed in 2014, it contains office, retail, and residential space as well as a hotel and observatory. Sustainable design was a priority, with green spaces covering 33% of the site and strategies like daylighting, sun shading, intelligent building controls, on-site power generation, and local sourcing of materials. Its unique spiraling shape is engineered to control wind loads and reduces structural material needs.
Beijing daxing international airport world's first airport with single terminalarchitecturesideas
Zaha Hadid Architects is known for its amazing architect design of buildings. Here is detailed information of Beijing Daxing International Airport by these architects. To know more visit http://bit.ly/2oRxxlY
The document discusses tall buildings and provides case studies of several high-rise buildings including Arihant Aura in Mumbai, Burj Khalifa in Dubai, and The Shard in London. It covers definitions of high-rise buildings, the need for tall structures, and key aspects of high-rise design such as structural systems, foundations, elevators, wind engineering, and cladding. The case study of Burj Khalifa specifically highlights its Y-shaped structural core and tapering profile that help manage wind loads and lateral forces.
The document outlines a thesis report submitted by Saurav Chaudhary for their architectural thesis project on the Noida Habitat Centre in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. The report includes an acknowledgement, recommendation, and declaration section. It then provides a synopsis of the project, including an introduction to habitat centres, the objectives, aims, scope, and site details of the Noida Habitat Centre project. The methodology section outlines the site study, literature review, case studies, programming and area analysis, concept development, design stages, and final design that will be included.
The document provides information on the existing Chennai Trade Center facility including its site area, constructed buildings, hall capacities, and parking. It notes several defects in the current building including a lack of separate VIP facilities and modern amenities. It then discusses plans for a Phase 2 development on a 9.15 acre site that would include expanded exhibition and convention space, meeting rooms, a hotel, and other facilities to promote business and trade. Key metrics like projected building area, occupancy rates, and standards for space and amenities are presented.
The Kohinoor Square project is a mixed-use skyscraper development under construction in Mumbai, India. It comprises a 203m main building with commercial and hotel space, and a 142m residential building. The complex utilizes sustainable design features like sky gardens, high-performance glazing, and rainwater harvesting. It has a composite structural system and pile raft foundation to support the tall towers. Floor plans show retail, office, and residential spaces of different sizes across multiple floors.
CIDCO CONVENTION CENTRE ,VASHI,NAVI MUMBAI AS LIVE CASE STUDY AND INDIAN HAB...prateek Dulani
This is a third year architectural case study for a city centre conducted and completed over a period of 5 days. Case study of cidco convention centre navi mumbai and indian habitat centre
done by- prateek dulani,
joshua fernanandes
yash prathyani
yash parmar
prachi warkad
manasi sonar
priya varma
koyembedu bus terminal - The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus or CMBT is a modern bus terminus located in Chennai, India, providing outstation transport services.
The document outlines the key requirements and standards for designing a convention center, including areas for parking, delivery and storage, basic facility needs, and sustainability considerations. It also provides details on the specific Hyderabad convention center site and facilities, which includes 6480 square meter exhibition halls, meeting rooms, VIP lounges, and amenities across three floors catering to delegates, business officials, and high-profile guests. Standards address proper planning of spaces, universal design, and creating an energy efficient and pollution-free environment for public events.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were designed by architect Cesar Pelli and built between 1993-1999. The twin towers reach heights of 427 meters and have 88 floors. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors. The towers feature a steel and concrete structure with an innovative facade design incorporating geometric Islamic patterns and over 33,000 glass panels. They became both an iconic symbol of Malaysia's economic strength and modern architectural achievements.
Architectural Appraisal - CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre HyderabadPrastara Architects
The CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre in Hyderabad is India's first LEED Platinum rated building from 2004. It is a commercial and institutional building that incorporates traditional Indian concepts with modern green building practices. Some key features include solar PV systems, natural ventilation via wind towers, a high-efficiency HVAC system, rainwater harvesting, and extensive green spaces. The building achieves 50% energy savings and 35% water reduction compared to a conventional building.
The India Habitat Centre is located on Lodhi Road in New Delhi. It was designed by architect Joseph Allen Stein and covers an area of 9 acres. It is a cultural center that hosts various events like plays, concerts, exhibitions and conferences. The complex contains galleries, restaurants, an auditorium and landscaped outdoor spaces. It was designed to segregate pedestrian and vehicular movement with level changes and connected buildings to create courtyards throughout.
The document describes the Central Bus Station in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It provides details about the site, building layout and design, facilities, and services. The bus terminal covers an area of 22,325 sqm and handles over 800 buses and 28,000-35,000 passengers daily. It incorporates a shopping mall along with platforms, parking, ticket counters, waiting areas, shops, and other passenger amenities. The design aims to separate bus and passenger traffic flows. Services include security checkpoints, firefighting systems, and provisions for physically disabled access throughout most of the building.
This document provides a case study summary of the Indian Habitat Centre in New Delhi. It is a 97,000 square meter multi-purpose building spread over 9 acres that provides office, conference, and exhibition space for environment and habitat organizations. The design aims to create a healthy and pleasant environment for visitors and employees. It is an energy efficient building that uses various passive design strategies like courtyards, water bodies, reflective shading devices, and vegetation to reduce energy usage and create a comfortable microclimate. The building layout and use of spaces like the amphitheater, lawns, and courtyards encourage social interactions.
Bharat Bhavan is a cultural center located on a plateau near a lake. It contains various spaces like a museum, green room, amphitheater, indoor theater, restaurant, auditorium, store, workshop, and offices. The building is designed with simple yet interesting shapes and an auditorium with a skylight. It has free-flowing circulation to avoid crowding and open courtyards connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Landscaping features grass-covered roofs and incorporates the adjacent lake into its design.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Hyderabad international convention centrericha bihari
The document provides information about the Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC) including its location, accessibility, facilities, floor plans, and services. Key details include:
- The HICC is located in Hyderabad, India and is accessible from the airport within 45 minutes, from the main train station within 42 minutes, and from the bus stand within 19 minutes.
- Facilities include 21 meeting rooms, 6 interpretation booths, 4 speaker preparation rooms, an exhibition hall, and event halls 1-6 with a total area of 6,150 square meters.
- Floor plans show the zoning and facilities on the ground, first, and second floors, including administration areas, registration areas, event spaces, and
The Interlace is a large housing complex located in Singapore consisting of 31 apartment blocks arranged around 8 central courtyards. It was designed by Ole Scheeren to maximize green space by stacking apartments and incorporating extensive roof gardens and terraces. The complex contains over 1,000 residential units of varying sizes, underground parking for 2,600 cars, and various public amenities like clubhouses and retail space. The interlocking block design aims to create a more connected residential environment compared to isolated high-rise towers.
Bus terminal+commercial complex+isbt+india ppt showkiranightly
Here are the key details about the site:
- The site is located at Verka Chowk in Mohali, at the beginning of the Chandigarh-Kharar Road (NH 21).
- It has superior access from Chandigarh and Mohali due to its frontage on three sides.
- The site is surrounded by the industrial area of Mohali, which houses prominent businesses like Ranbaxy and Dell.
- The Chandigarh-Kharar Road provides direct connectivity to Chandigarh and other cities in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
- This strategic location with high inter-state traffic makes it ideal for a transit bus terminal and
Santiago Calatrava is a Spanish architect and engineer known for designing buildings and structures that resemble moving human figures. He was born in 1951 in Spain and studied architecture and civil engineering. Calatrava draws inspiration from nature and the human body, blending visual style with engineering principles. Some of his notable works include the Turning Torso building in Sweden, the Auditorio de Tenerife concert hall in Spain's Canary Islands, and the Lyon-Satolas TGV railway station in France, which resembles a giant bird. Calatrava's structures are symbolic, using long sweeping lines, and capturing a sense of movement through static designs.
The document provides information about the Haat Beat music complex project in Janakpuri, New Delhi, India designed by Archohm Consults architects. The 16,000 sqm complex was commissioned in 2014 by the Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation to create a cultural center focused on music. It includes an 800-capacity indoor auditorium, 800-capacity outdoor amphitheater, exhibition hall, music museum, music store, workshop space, food court, and shops. Bamboo, indigenous stone, steel, and tensile canopies were used as materials. The complex was designed with barrier-free access for disabled visitors.
This document summarizes a case study of the Vancouver Convention Center expansion project in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The expansion was designed by LMN Architects, Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership, and DA Architects & Planners to triple the capacity of the original convention center. Key aspects of the design include its horizontal emphasis to preserve views, an extensive green roof, and floor-to-ceiling glazing allowing views of the waterfront. The expansion provides over 1 million square feet of new exhibition halls, ballrooms, meeting rooms, and outdoor event spaces.
IRJET- Dynamic Wind Analysis of RC Bundled Tube in Tube Structure using E...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic wind performance of bundled tube-in-tube structures for tall buildings using ETABS software. It models a 365.5m tall building with a bundled tubular structural system consisting of multiple interconnected tubes that decrease in number with height. Dynamic wind analysis is conducted to calculate wind loads based on gust factors and compare the base shear, displacements, and drifts between the bundled tube structure and a bundled tube-in-tube structure with an inner core. The results show that the bundled tube-in-tube structure improves structural efficiency and response to lateral wind loads compared to the bundled tube structure alone.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Tube in Tube Structure and Frame Tube StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic behavior of tube-in-tube structures and frame tube structures to conventional moment resisting frame structures through modeling and analysis in STAAD Pro software. Tube-in-tube structures have a core tube inside the building holding elevators and services, and an outer tube around the exterior. Frame tube structures have closely spaced exterior columns tied together with deep beams. Both tube structures are designed to act like hollow cylinders cantilevered from the ground to resist lateral loads from wind and earthquakes. The analysis found that tube structures had lower maximum displacements and story drifts than conventional moment frames, indicating better seismic performance.
koyembedu bus terminal - The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus or CMBT is a modern bus terminus located in Chennai, India, providing outstation transport services.
The document outlines the key requirements and standards for designing a convention center, including areas for parking, delivery and storage, basic facility needs, and sustainability considerations. It also provides details on the specific Hyderabad convention center site and facilities, which includes 6480 square meter exhibition halls, meeting rooms, VIP lounges, and amenities across three floors catering to delegates, business officials, and high-profile guests. Standards address proper planning of spaces, universal design, and creating an energy efficient and pollution-free environment for public events.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were designed by architect Cesar Pelli and built between 1993-1999. The twin towers reach heights of 427 meters and have 88 floors. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors. The towers feature a steel and concrete structure with an innovative facade design incorporating geometric Islamic patterns and over 33,000 glass panels. They became both an iconic symbol of Malaysia's economic strength and modern architectural achievements.
Architectural Appraisal - CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre HyderabadPrastara Architects
The CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre in Hyderabad is India's first LEED Platinum rated building from 2004. It is a commercial and institutional building that incorporates traditional Indian concepts with modern green building practices. Some key features include solar PV systems, natural ventilation via wind towers, a high-efficiency HVAC system, rainwater harvesting, and extensive green spaces. The building achieves 50% energy savings and 35% water reduction compared to a conventional building.
The India Habitat Centre is located on Lodhi Road in New Delhi. It was designed by architect Joseph Allen Stein and covers an area of 9 acres. It is a cultural center that hosts various events like plays, concerts, exhibitions and conferences. The complex contains galleries, restaurants, an auditorium and landscaped outdoor spaces. It was designed to segregate pedestrian and vehicular movement with level changes and connected buildings to create courtyards throughout.
The document describes the Central Bus Station in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It provides details about the site, building layout and design, facilities, and services. The bus terminal covers an area of 22,325 sqm and handles over 800 buses and 28,000-35,000 passengers daily. It incorporates a shopping mall along with platforms, parking, ticket counters, waiting areas, shops, and other passenger amenities. The design aims to separate bus and passenger traffic flows. Services include security checkpoints, firefighting systems, and provisions for physically disabled access throughout most of the building.
This document provides a case study summary of the Indian Habitat Centre in New Delhi. It is a 97,000 square meter multi-purpose building spread over 9 acres that provides office, conference, and exhibition space for environment and habitat organizations. The design aims to create a healthy and pleasant environment for visitors and employees. It is an energy efficient building that uses various passive design strategies like courtyards, water bodies, reflective shading devices, and vegetation to reduce energy usage and create a comfortable microclimate. The building layout and use of spaces like the amphitheater, lawns, and courtyards encourage social interactions.
Bharat Bhavan is a cultural center located on a plateau near a lake. It contains various spaces like a museum, green room, amphitheater, indoor theater, restaurant, auditorium, store, workshop, and offices. The building is designed with simple yet interesting shapes and an auditorium with a skylight. It has free-flowing circulation to avoid crowding and open courtyards connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Landscaping features grass-covered roofs and incorporates the adjacent lake into its design.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Hyderabad international convention centrericha bihari
The document provides information about the Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC) including its location, accessibility, facilities, floor plans, and services. Key details include:
- The HICC is located in Hyderabad, India and is accessible from the airport within 45 minutes, from the main train station within 42 minutes, and from the bus stand within 19 minutes.
- Facilities include 21 meeting rooms, 6 interpretation booths, 4 speaker preparation rooms, an exhibition hall, and event halls 1-6 with a total area of 6,150 square meters.
- Floor plans show the zoning and facilities on the ground, first, and second floors, including administration areas, registration areas, event spaces, and
The Interlace is a large housing complex located in Singapore consisting of 31 apartment blocks arranged around 8 central courtyards. It was designed by Ole Scheeren to maximize green space by stacking apartments and incorporating extensive roof gardens and terraces. The complex contains over 1,000 residential units of varying sizes, underground parking for 2,600 cars, and various public amenities like clubhouses and retail space. The interlocking block design aims to create a more connected residential environment compared to isolated high-rise towers.
Bus terminal+commercial complex+isbt+india ppt showkiranightly
Here are the key details about the site:
- The site is located at Verka Chowk in Mohali, at the beginning of the Chandigarh-Kharar Road (NH 21).
- It has superior access from Chandigarh and Mohali due to its frontage on three sides.
- The site is surrounded by the industrial area of Mohali, which houses prominent businesses like Ranbaxy and Dell.
- The Chandigarh-Kharar Road provides direct connectivity to Chandigarh and other cities in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
- This strategic location with high inter-state traffic makes it ideal for a transit bus terminal and
Santiago Calatrava is a Spanish architect and engineer known for designing buildings and structures that resemble moving human figures. He was born in 1951 in Spain and studied architecture and civil engineering. Calatrava draws inspiration from nature and the human body, blending visual style with engineering principles. Some of his notable works include the Turning Torso building in Sweden, the Auditorio de Tenerife concert hall in Spain's Canary Islands, and the Lyon-Satolas TGV railway station in France, which resembles a giant bird. Calatrava's structures are symbolic, using long sweeping lines, and capturing a sense of movement through static designs.
The document provides information about the Haat Beat music complex project in Janakpuri, New Delhi, India designed by Archohm Consults architects. The 16,000 sqm complex was commissioned in 2014 by the Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation to create a cultural center focused on music. It includes an 800-capacity indoor auditorium, 800-capacity outdoor amphitheater, exhibition hall, music museum, music store, workshop space, food court, and shops. Bamboo, indigenous stone, steel, and tensile canopies were used as materials. The complex was designed with barrier-free access for disabled visitors.
This document summarizes a case study of the Vancouver Convention Center expansion project in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The expansion was designed by LMN Architects, Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership, and DA Architects & Planners to triple the capacity of the original convention center. Key aspects of the design include its horizontal emphasis to preserve views, an extensive green roof, and floor-to-ceiling glazing allowing views of the waterfront. The expansion provides over 1 million square feet of new exhibition halls, ballrooms, meeting rooms, and outdoor event spaces.
IRJET- Dynamic Wind Analysis of RC Bundled Tube in Tube Structure using E...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic wind performance of bundled tube-in-tube structures for tall buildings using ETABS software. It models a 365.5m tall building with a bundled tubular structural system consisting of multiple interconnected tubes that decrease in number with height. Dynamic wind analysis is conducted to calculate wind loads based on gust factors and compare the base shear, displacements, and drifts between the bundled tube structure and a bundled tube-in-tube structure with an inner core. The results show that the bundled tube-in-tube structure improves structural efficiency and response to lateral wind loads compared to the bundled tube structure alone.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Tube in Tube Structure and Frame Tube StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic behavior of tube-in-tube structures and frame tube structures to conventional moment resisting frame structures through modeling and analysis in STAAD Pro software. Tube-in-tube structures have a core tube inside the building holding elevators and services, and an outer tube around the exterior. Frame tube structures have closely spaced exterior columns tied together with deep beams. Both tube structures are designed to act like hollow cylinders cantilevered from the ground to resist lateral loads from wind and earthquakes. The analysis found that tube structures had lower maximum displacements and story drifts than conventional moment frames, indicating better seismic performance.
Advanced Tunnel Form Construction Technique, Case Study of Rohan-Abhilasha, ...Mary Montoya
1) Tunnel form construction is a fast and efficient method for mass housing projects in India where time and quality are constraints. It allows daily casting of walls and slabs using reusable formwork.
2) The case study describes a housing project in Pune, India called Rohan-Abhilasha that used tunnel form construction. This reduced construction time from 7 months using conventional formwork to 3 months.
3) Tunnel form construction provides smooth wall finishes requiring little plastering and allows monolithic pouring of walls and slabs. When properly planned, it can achieve a 1-day repeat cycle for floors.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
A Study On Pre-Engineered Building – A Construction TechniqueIJERA Editor
Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures is not only economical but also eco friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).This review from the past experiences presents the results of experimental and analytical studies done on Pre Engineered Building. Results show that these structures are economic, reduces construction cost and time, energy efficient and flexibility of expansion.
The document provides an overview of the Bahria Icon Tower construction project in Karachi, Pakistan. It describes the project details including its three tower structures of varying heights, basement levels, parking capacity, and electrical generation. It also summarizes the structural elements and materials used, such as composite deck slabs, steel girders, reinforced concrete columns, core walls, and perimeter beams. Modern equipment like MEVA formwork is being used to efficiently construct the building's core walls.
The document discusses high-rise buildings, defining them as buildings 35 meters or taller divided into occupiable levels. It discusses design considerations for high-rises that focus on strength, rigidity, and stability as height increases. Material requirements and weights per floor area have decreased over time due to innovations. Successful high-rise characteristics include being inviting, energy efficient, and economically viable. The document lists the top 10 tallest buildings globally and completed/planned high-rises in Pakistan.
Optimum design of double layer dome of span to height ratio 2 and different supporting conditions(all bottom nodes supported, alternate bottom nodes supported and two alternate bottom nodes supported) for a given span is carried out. The formex programming software is used for configurations of double layer dome. The hollow circular pipe sections are used to construct the double layer dome and for connection, the MERO joint is used. Basically the dome have large exposed area so the wind force are predominant, hence the domes are analyze and design for wind forces. For optimum design of the structure, it is analyzed by using the software “SAP-2000-14”. In the analytical part, forces in the top layer are considered in groups and separate section will be designed for each group, the design will be based on IS800:2007. Similar procedure will be adopted for bracing system and bottom layer. The results are compared with different span to height ratios and support conditions for the deflection, weight of structure and concrete for pedestal, to determine optimum configuration by overall. The domes of span 75m with span to height ratio 2 as well as different support condition are designed for wind load. The members of dome are designed for axial tension and compression in such a way to get optimum weight of member.
This document appears to be an assignment for a Building Technology course that outlines proposed construction systems for a community library project. It includes sections on the facade system (types A and B), structural system (composite floor system), and roof system. For each system, it provides precedent studies that describe materials, construction methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It also includes proposed facade designs and a sectional perspective of the building. The objective of the assignment is for students to study complex construction systems and understand how to integrate practical considerations into the design process.
The Capital is a 19-storey office building located in Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai with a unique elliptical ring beam feature. It has 2 basement levels for automated parking for over 900 cars. The building uses a reinforced concrete core wall system with composite steel columns, and post-tensioned concrete slabs to provide large column-free floor plates. Up-down construction and a shoring pile system allowed for fast construction. The building offers high-quality amenities, flexible office spaces, and has become a landmark in Mumbai's business district.
Application of Advanced formwork system for High rise buildings in Chennai, I...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the application of advanced self-climbing formwork systems for high-rise buildings in Chennai, India. It begins with an introduction and literature review of self-climbing formworks. It then presents several case studies of projects in India that used self-climbing formwork systems. The document identifies a proposed high-rise residential project in Chennai to conceptually apply a self-climbing formwork system. It provides a cost analysis comparing the proposed self-climbing system to the traditional aluminum formwork used. The analysis found that a combination of advanced formworks and self-climbing formwork for the core wall would increase costs by
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of RCC Structure and Tube-in-Tube StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the performance of a reinforced concrete (RCC) structure to a tube-in-tube structure through a parametric study. A 20-story building model was created in STAAD.Pro and ETABS to analyze each structural system. The tube-in-tube structure uses a central reinforced concrete core tube surrounded by perimeter columns and spandrel beams, acting as an outer tube. The study varied column depth, beam depth, and wall thickness to evaluate their effects on story drifts, base shear, and shear lag behavior between the two structural systems. Preliminary results found the column depth had a more prominent impact on the tube action and shear lag performance than other dimensions. Overall, the tube-in-
This document provides a summary of steel structures, including:
- Steel structures are made of structural steel components connected to carry loads and provide rigidity. Common elements include I-beams, channels, angles, and plates.
- Steel structures offer benefits like cost savings, design flexibility, efficient construction, and durability in harsh conditions.
- Different types of steel structures include braced frames, rigid frames, shear walls, and trusses.
- Case studies highlight the Hearst Tower in New York, the Gherkin building in London, and the LIC Jeewan Bharti building in India, all of which utilize innovative steel designs like diagrids and space frames.
This document summarizes the structural design and materials used in the Heydar Aliyev Culture Center in Baku, Azerbaijan. It describes how the main building uses reinforced concrete and a composite steel frame. The roof structure is a unique space frame design made of steel. High-performance materials like glass and stone were used for the curtain walls, interior and exterior solid skin panels to meet architectural and technical requirements.
IRJET- Prerequisite & Utilities of Pre-Construction Buildings in Modern Days ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses pre-engineered buildings (PEB), which are prefabricated steel structures that offer benefits over conventional construction methods. PEBs allow for faster construction at lower cost while maintaining structural integrity. They provide design flexibility, are durable and recyclable. PEBs have expanded globally due to their economic and sustainable advantages. While they are not suitable for tall skyscrapers, PEBs are well-suited for industrial and commercial buildings. The document outlines the history, components, benefits, applications, advantages and disadvantages of PEBs compared to traditional construction techniques.
IRJET- A Performance Study of (G+20) RCC Structure using Framed Bundled B...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with different arrangements of framed bundled braced tube systems under seismic loads. Four models of a G+20 RC building are analyzed using StaadPro software: a bare frame, and framed bundled braced tubes located at the periphery, internal columns, center, and corners. Parameters like base shear, story displacement, and story drift are compared. Results show that framed bundled braced tube systems improve seismic performance over bare frames, with peripheral and corner-located tubes performing best by increasing base shear and reducing displacements. This highlights the effectiveness of the tubular system for high-rise buildings subjected to lateral loads.
The document discusses skyscrapers and provides information on their raw materials, design, tallest buildings, and costs. It notes that skyscrapers are made of reinforced concrete and steel frames, with curtain walls that bear weight or are suspended. Design considers wind loads, and tall proposals face challenges like elevator speeds. The Burj Khalifa is the tallest at 828 meters, while average skyscraper costs are around $800 million but can vary significantly based on location and other factors.
FORMWORK TECHNOLOGY IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING ITS COST AND QUALITY ANALYSISIRJET Journal
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Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport—Integrated Terminal Building
1. 8 Technical Report Structural Engineering International 1/2013
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport—Integrated
Terminal Building
Charles Besjak, SE, PE, Director; Preetam Biswas, PE, Associate Director; Alexandra Thewis, PE; Raymond Sweeney;
Damayanti Chaudhuri, PE; Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, New York, NY 10005, USA. Contact: preetam.biswas@som.com
DOI: 10.2749/101686613X13363929988296
an overall truss depth of only 4 m. In
response to site constraints and prox-
imity of the existing operational ter-
minal building, the mega-columns are
also designed to serve as hoist mecha-
nisms such that the entire roof can be
constructed without tower cranes. The
Terminal Building also includes the
largest and longest cable wall system
in the world. The structural studies
completed include solid finite element
analysis of connections to optimize
material efficiency. Furthermore, the
structural design prioritizes modular
construction for economy and facili-
tation of an accelerated construction
schedule.
Keywords: airport terminal; long-span
roof; unidirectional cable wall; struc-
tural efficiency; phased construction.
Introduction
Mumbai International Airport Limited,
owner-operator of Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport at Mumbai, is cur-
rently building a new Integrated Termi-
nal Building that combines international
and domestic operations at one of the
busiest airports in India in order to
achieve 24-h utilization.This 410 000 m2
terminal building is being constructed
at the location of the existing terminal
with minimal disruption to its opera-
tions. An international consultant with
vast experience in designing airport
terminals around the globe was chosen
as the principal architect and engineer
for the new building. One of the largest
construction firms in India was chosen
as the local designer and general con-
tractor for the project. The Terminal
Building is being constructed in phases
where Phase 1 includes construction of
the western pier, and Phase 2 includes
construction of the Headhouse zone.
Upon completion of Phases 1 and 2,
the building will become operational
and Phase 3 will commence, which
consists of the demolition of the exist-
ing terminal building and the construc-
tion of the eastern pier. Following the
completion of Phase 3 in 2014, the new
terminal, shown in Fig. 1, will serve
approximately 40 million passengers
annually.
Abstract
The new Integrated Terminal Building
at Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport combines inter-
national and domestic operations at
one of the busiest airports in India.
The 410 000 m2
building, being con-
structed at the site of the existing
terminal, will achieve a capacity of
40 million passengers per annum upon
completion in 2014.
The primary design feature of the
building is a long-span roof covering a
total of 70 000 m2
over various func-
tional requirements, making it one of
the largest roofs in the world without
an expansion joint. The Headhouse
Roof, supported by only 30 columns
spaced at 64 m in the North–South
direction and at 34 m in the East–West
direction, produces a large column-
free space ideal for an airport. By
increasing the depth of the trusses near
the columns and running trusses in
both an orthogonal grid and a 45° grid,
large spacing and cantilevers of 40 m
along the perimeter are achieved with
In anticipation of the forthcoming IABSE Symposium in
Kolkata in September 2013, this special issue of Structural
Engineering International presents a series of projects in or
related to India. As varied as the country itself, the follow-
ing eight technical papers present structures ranging from an
underground cavern to a research station in Antarctica.
In the first paper—and highlighted on the front cover—the
new terminal building of the Mumbai airport is described,
including the elaborate roof and wall system.This is followed
by two projects in and around New Delhi: a new signature
cable-stayed bridge with its backwardly inclined pylon and
the addition of a cable roof system for the retrofit of a sta-
dium. A brief history of landmark bridges constructed over
major rivers in India and the challenges faced in their con-
struction is then elaborated. Next, the construction of one
of the world’s deepest caverns for the storage of liquefied
petroleum gas in Visakhapatnam is detailed, followed by a
description of the new Indian research station on the world’s
southern-most continent, Antarctica. Back on the Indian
subcontinent and aboveground, the last two papers present
a light-weight, double layered cable-net roof system for the
retrofit of a swimming facility, as well as a 10 km-long infra-
structure project in the technology hub of Bangalore.
The Indian Group of IABSE is looking forward to welcom-
ing delegates to the 36th IABSE Symposium, in Kolkata from
24 to 27 September 2013 entitled “Long Span Bridges and
Roofs—Development, Design and Implementation”. More
information on this symposium, as well as other upcoming
IABSE events can be found on the IABSE website under
www.iabse.org/Events.
B. C. Roy, Vice-President of IABSE, Chair of Scientific Committee
of 2013 IABSE Symposium in Kolkata
Ann Schumacher, Editorial Board, Structural Engineering
International
Introduction: Recent Structures in India
2. Structural Engineering International 1/2013 Technical Report 9
Owing to the scale and project occu-
pancy, the client directive was to meet
the requirements of the Indian codes
as well as satisfy requirements of the
International and American codes.
This was achieved by evaluation of the
most stringent conditions at all stages
of design and analysis. Early in the
design process, an evaluation of local
construction techniques, available
construction materials and availabil-
ity of skilled labor played an impor-
tant role in the choice of the building
materials. Concrete was selected as
the primary building material for the
base building, while steel was used for
the structural framing of the roof in
order to achieve a lightweight system
with large column-free spaces. The
construction site of the new terminal
building is located within close prox-
imity of the existing terminal that had
to remain operational during construc-
tion, which resulted in an elongated
X-shaped plan utilizing repetitive,
modular designs that accommodate
construction phasing and permit rapid
construction.
Long-Span Structural Steel
Headhouse Roof
The primary design feature of the
Terminal Building is a long-span roof
covering the departures roadway,
check-in hall, security, and passport
control functions. The architectural
cladding of the roof and ceiling fea-
tures a molded surface and sky-
lights over the column locations and
throughout the terminal ceiling, allow-
ing natural light to flood into the main
hall. The Headhouse Roof, covering
70 000 m2
and spanning over seven
individual concrete base structures, is
supported by only 30 composite mega-
columns. Beyond typical gravity and
seismic loads on the roof, special load-
ing considerations were taken for the
cable wall which applies a significant
wind load to the roof structure and
whose cables are pre-stressed against
the roof trusses at the northern end
of the terminal. The wind loading also
presented challenges as a significant
portion of the Headhouse Roof is
open to the outdoors and behaves as
a canopy.
In order to create one of the largest
roofs in the world without an expan-
sion joint, the roof mega-columns and
steel roof structure were kept com-
pletely independent from the base
concrete structures below. Large
openings in the concrete base struc-
ture allow the mega-columns to pass
through as well as create architec-
tural design features. This allows the
Headhouse Roof structure to move
independently in response to loads,
particularly expansion and contraction
caused by temperature variation. This
thermal gradient is applied to the steel
in the structural analysis model and
accounted for in the design of the roof
members.
In response to the functional require-
ment of the space below the roof, the
entire Headhouse Roof is supported
on just 30 composite mega-columns.
Following requests from the client,
the design team sought to minimize
the number of columns in the depar-
ture halls. However, the final design
surpassed this constraint and resulted
in a departure hall entirely free of
columns through the use of com-
posite mega-columns spaced 64 m
in one direction and 34 m in the per-
pendicular direction. The structural
system for the Headhouse Roof is
akin to a two-way flat slab system.
Increasing the depth of the trusses near
the columns and running trusses in an
orthogonal grid as well as along a 45°
grid results in an overall truss depth of
4 m for the roof system. The greater
truss depths near the columns create
“column pod” areas which seamlessly
integrate into the pyramidal skylights
that serve as major architectural fea-
tures. All of these aspects of the
Headhouse Roof can be seen in the
structural model in Fig. 2 as well as in
the construction photographs of Fig. 4.
The lateral system for the Headhouse
Roof comprises steel moment-resisting
frames consisting of composite mega-
columns and long-span steel roof
trusses. Frame action is achieved
between the primary roof trusses and
the composite mega-columns in the
North–South direction and between
the secondary roof trusses and the
composite mega-columns in the East–
West direction. Additional trusses
running at 45° to the orthogonal grid
provide additional stability and dia-
phragm stiffness. The weaving of the
orthogonal and diagonal trusses, in
addition to ensuring diaphragm action
of the roof, was also extremely useful
Fig. 1: Architectural renderings (clockwise from top left) plan view of integrated terminal
building; approach roadway at departure level; check-in concourse; aerial view of
integrated terminal building
Future
development
Arrivals
forecourt
Headhouse:
departure, arrivals,
immigration
and baggage claim
Concourse, retail and
baggage handling
Pier gates
3. 10 Technical Report Structural Engineering International 1/2013
in reducing the system depth for the
entirely cantilevered perimeter zone of
the Headhouse Roof. This resulted in
up to 40 m cantilevers at certain loca-
tions with a truss depth of only 4 m.
The orientation of the steel wide-
flange members of the trusses along
the orthogonal grid were rotated 90°
such that flanges were aligned verti-
cally, while the steel members of the
trusses along the diagonal grid were
aligned with the flanges horizontally
for simplification of connections with
multiple trusses. Nonlinear, solid finite
element analysis was carried out for
the design of major connections for
optimum use of materials. The meshed
three-dimensional geometry of the
connections (Fig. 3a) was loaded at
the connection work point with forces
directly obtained from the overall
Headhouse Roof analysis model. Rigid
link elements from the work point
transfer the load to the connection
end faces (where the steel members
are attached to columns, beams, etc.),
and von Mises stress gradients were
obtained and studied to verify that no
part of the connection exceeded the
steel yield stress (Fig. 3b).
The behavior of the 40 m tall canti-
levered composite mega-columns was
studied using nonlinear buckling anal-
yses for each individual mega-column.
The composite mega-columns consist
of a built-up steel cruciform shape
encased in 2,7 m diameter of concrete
for the majority of its height. Once
the column reaches the height of the
column pod bottom chord connection,
it transforms into a bare steel cruci-
form shape and tapers to the column
pod top chord connection (Fig. 4).
The P–M (axial-moment) interaction
curve and stability analysis was per-
formed for each segment of the col-
umn as well as for the overall stability
of the complete mega-column system.
These analyses were deemed neces-
sary, because the code-prescribed
design methods do not accurately
correspond to the behavior of these
columns.
Unidirectional Cable Wall
System
Another unique feature of this pro-
ject is the cable wall exterior clad-
ding system. The Terminal Building
features two separate cable wall sys-
tems totaling over 1 km in length
and 11 000 m2
in area, making it the
longest and largest cable wall in the
world. It includes a number of unique
features that create various challenges
in the design and detailing of the
structure. Both cable walls comprise
unidirectional cables spanning verti-
cally between two levels of the termi-
nal structure. At the Departure Level,
the use of unidirectional cables was
necessitated by the fact that the cable
roof completely envelops the terminal
Headhouse, eliminating the possibil-
ity of any horizontal anchorage points.
In addition, as the cable wall circles
the Headhouse, it crosses four inde-
pendent base structures and reduces
in height from 15 to 6 m. Expansion
joints were installed in locations where
the cable wall crossed separate struc-
tures to allow individual segments of
the wall to move independently. On
the east and west sides, the cable wall
spans to the cantilevered edge of the
Headhouse Roof, up to 40 m from
the nearest mega-column. The large
cantilevers result in significant deflec-
tion at the roof edge, which proved
to be a challenging situation. With
34 m
Span
64 m
Span
40 m Cantilever
40 m Cantilever
9 m Truss depth
4 m Truss depth
(a)
(b)
64 m Truss span
Roadway
Waffle slab
Fig. 2: (a) Three-dimensional structural model of Headhouse Roof framing; (b) section
through Headhouse Roof
Fig. 3: Three-dimensional solid finite element analysis model of column pod top node
connection: (a) three-dimensional finite element mesh of column pod top node; (b) finite
element von Mises stress results of column pod top node (N/m2
)
3D Von mises stress
Contour plot
Element stresses
Simple average
(a) (b)
3,500E+05
3,150E+05
2,756E+05
2,363E+05
1,969E+05
1,575E+05
1,181E+05
7,875E+04
3,938E+04
0,000E+00
No result
Max = 4,023E+05 (Global 374172)
Min = 2,390E+03 (Global 383417)
4. Structural Engineering International 1/2013 Technical Report 11
the cables anchored to the roof, large
roof deflections would cause a loss of
pretension in the cables and failure of
the system. As a result, a back-up sys-
tem has been introduced consisting of
composite columns cantilevered from
the base structure below and intercon-
nected with structural steel girders at
the top and bottom of the wall. The
cables span between these girders, and
the top of the back-up system is later-
ally supported by the Headhouse Roof
above with dampers at composite
column locations. This system allows
for differential movements between
the edge of the Headhouse Roof and
the base structure without the loss of
cable pretension. The various cable
support conditions are highlighted in
Fig. 5a and can be seen in the construc-
tion photographs in Fig. 6.
In addition to its size and length, the
cable wall includes a number of fea-
tures rarely seen in cable wall struc-
tures. A large portion of the wall
follows the curvature of the plan of
the Headhouse Roof, a feature only
achievable because the cable wall
consists solely of vertical cables. At
the two ends of the north portion of
the wall, there are absolute corners.
The allowable deflection typical of
cable walls would have caused the
two portions of the walls to collide
at this location. To prevent this from
occurring, the corner cables are rein-
forced with horizontal stiffener plates
connected between the cable and the
corner column of the back-up sys-
tem. Variations in height, changes in
anchoring conditions, and the inclu-
sion of corners, curves, and entrance
vestibules all worked to necessitate a
very precise design of cable preten-
sion. Owing to the shape and scale of
the Headhouse Roof and the cable
wall, a wind tunnel study (Fig. 5b) was
carried out to accurately determine
the cable wall cladding pressures as
well as the structural roof loads for
the Headhouse Roof. After establish-
ing the appropriate gravity and wind
loads, a finite element analysis model,
as shown in Fig. 5c, was built includ-
ing the cables and support structure.
Through a geometrically nonlinear
static analysis, the deflection and axial
force of each cable was determined. In
locations where deflections exceeded
L/50, the pretension force in the cable
was increased, and cable diameters
were selected to meet the axial force
demands. A primary concern dur-
ing the design of the cable wall was
preventing warping of the cable wall
insulated glass units (IGUs). Warping
Fig. 5: (a) Cable wall plan and support conditions; (b) Headhouse Roof and cable wall
wind tunnel study model; (c) cable wall structural analysis model with back-up systems
330 m
Expansion
joint
Expansion
joint
Expansion
joint
Expansion
joint
155 m
Cable wall corner
condition
(a)
(b)
(c)
Cable wall corner
condition
170 m
170 m
Variable height cable
wall with backup system
Variable height cable
wall with backup system
Curved cable wall
as clearstory
15 M High cable wall
with vestibules
Fig. 4: Headhouse Roof construction photographs: top, terminal building panorama;
Headhouse roof to left, May 2012; middle, Headhouse Roof over departure level road-
way, February 2012; bottom, stages of column pod installation
5. 12 Technical Report Structural Engineering International 1/2013
Fig. 6: Cable wall construction photographs (clockwise from top left) varying-height cable
wall with steel column back-up system; cable wall at entrance vestibule; departure level
cable wall with column pod beyond; curved cable wall along clerestory zone; departure
level cable wall connected directly to Headhouse Roof
metal deck slabs in-filled between
concrete moment frame systems. At
all locations, the regular grid system
has resulted in the repetitive use of
concrete formwork and economy in
construction.
Along the perimeter of the terminal,
security requirements mandated cer-
tain clearances between the build-
ing and aircraft, as well as a vertical
separation of departing and arriving
passengers. To provide this separa-
tion at the terminal while maintaining
a single point of aircraft entry, steel
fixed bridges connect the terminal
to the aerobridges. The fixed bridges
utilize a truss system along the edges
with a minimal number of touchdown
locations to provide maximum flexibil-
ity below for airside traffic movement.
Owing to the constraints of the site, the
layout of the Terminal Building is such
that areas with internal functions occur
in the levels below the departures
roadways adjacent to the Arrivals Hall.
The roadway system therefore had to
be isolated from the Terminal Building
structural framing below to minimize
vibration and to maintain acceptable
acoustic levels in the occupied spaces
below. The structural system for the
roadways consists of reinforced con-
crete moment-resisting frames of the
base building below in conjunction
with pre-stressed, pre-cast reinforced
concrete long-span I-beams supported
on isolation pads. A cast-in-place rein-
forced concrete slab interconnects
the I-beams and acts as a diaphragm.
Given that the roadway slab is exposed
to the elements, it was designed to
allow for movement due to tempera-
ture changes; the pre-cast I-beams are
fixed at one end and free to slide at the
other end. The roadway is exposed to
the elements and large temperature
changes, but with interior space below
the roadway, expansion joints in the
roadway slab had to be water-tight.
To meet this requirement, these joints
were located at 17 m intervals to mini-
mize the width of the joint.
The design of the parking structure
brought along a number of aesthetic
and functional challenges. Designers
did not want an imposing structure,
but difficult geological conditions lim-
ited the depth of excavation. Working
within these constraints, the parking
structure utilizes a shallow floor fram-
ing system with two-way concrete flat
plate with concrete shear walls for lat-
eral support. The compact nine-level
parking garage meets all of its parking
occurs when the four joints of the
rectangular glass units do not lie in
the same plane, and it can cause the
seal between IGUs to break. Based
on the allowable shear deformation
of the IGUs, the out-of-plane deflec-
tion was limited to L/100, where L is
the shorter length of the rectangular
unit. To prevent warping of the IGUs,
the largest values of pretension are
required in areas with sharp geometric
changes, such as the vestibules and at
the wall corners. Based on these con-
ditions, cable diameters vary from 25
to 37 mm and pretension values range
from 150 to 400 kN.
Multiple System Concrete Base
Structure
The Terminal Building is divided
into the Pier and Gate Zone, Retail
Zone, Headhouse Roof Zone, and
the Frontage Road Zone. Despite its
immense size, the Terminal Building
requires only two grid systems to cover
the entire footprint of the building.An
orthogonal 8,5 × 8 m2
grid was adopted
for the entire central facility, which
provided optimal use of space for the
baggage handling facilities. Meanwhile,
the grid utilized for the Gate Zone
was a 9 × 11 m2
continuous linear and
radial grid along the periphery of the
building.
The concrete base structure of the
Terminal Building employs three
distinct structural floor systems in
response to functional zones with
varying optimal clear-span require-
ments. In the linear and radial Gate
Zone, a regular, repetitive one-way
concrete beam and slab system has
been utilized. At locations which gen-
erate heavy passenger congestion such
as the Baggage Claim Hall, functional
requirements called for a relatively
column-free space. This was achieved
by placing columns within the bag-
gage claim belts and having a clear
span between belts resulting in struc-
tural framing bays of 17 × 16 m2
and
employing a waffle slab system for
the floor framing above. In the Retail
Zone, where maximum flexibility for
floor openings and future renova-
tions was desired, the floor system
utilizes steel framing with composite
6. Structural Engineering International 1/2013 Technical Report 13
requirements within the stipulated
height so that its roof aligns with the
Departure Level and serves as a green
roof for the visitor area.
Concluding Remarks
The design of the Terminal Building
placed a high priority on material effi-
ciency and ease of construction. All
parts of the building utilized repeti-
tive, modular designs that accommo-
date construction phasing and permit
rapid construction. Ensuring the sta-
bility of the individual portions of
the Terminal Building throughout
SEI Data Block
SEI Data Block
Owner and operator:
Mumbai International Airport Limited
Architect, structural engineer, and MEP
engineer:
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Local designer and general contractor:
Larson and Toubro Limited
Steel (t): Approximately 22 000
Concrete (m3
): Approximately 520 000
Estimated cost (USD million): 1200
Service date: November 2013
the phased construction was an
important consideration in select-
ing the building’s structural systems.
Construction of Phase 1 began in 2008
and was completed in early 2012. By
November 2013, both Phases 1 and 2
of the Terminal Building are expected
to be fully operational, and at that
time the remaining portion of the
existing terminal is to be demolished
and construction will begin on Phase
3, the gate areas on the eastern pier.
Upon completion in 2014, the termi-
nal will serve 40 million passengers
per annum.