This document is a project report on designing earthquake resistant buildings. It discusses the causes of earthquakes and factors that affect how buildings settle during earthquakes. It then describes methods for designing seismic resistant buildings, such as using square shapes, horizontal bands, light construction materials, and strong foundations. Finally, it discusses two major methods to reduce earthquake effects: base isolation and energy dissipation. The overall goal is for civil engineers to safeguard structures from earthquakes through resistant design philosophies and modern techniques.
Earthquake resistant building constructiondaspriyabrata3
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EARTHQUAKE THEORY
3 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND ENERGY
4 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
5 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
6 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR ESTIMATED
MAGNITUDE
7 HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS
DIFFERENT
8 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9 EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
10 ROLES OF FLOOR AND MASONRY WALLS SLABS
11 STRENGTH HIERARCHY
12 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
13 EARTHQUAKE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
14 REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
15 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK(RHCBM)
16 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
17 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES
18 CONSTRUCTIONAL ADVANTAGES
19 ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER ADVANTAGES
20 STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE COST ECONOMICS OF RHCBM
21 MID-LEVEL ISOLATION 32-34
22 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDING USING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS WITH SLIDING ON CONCAVE SURFACE
23 DESCRIPTION
24 CONCEPT OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING
25 SLIDING PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM
26 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
27 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
28 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
29 ESTIMATION
30 CONCLUSION
31 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
Earthquake resistant building constructiondaspriyabrata3
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EARTHQUAKE THEORY
3 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND ENERGY
4 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
5 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
6 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR ESTIMATED
MAGNITUDE
7 HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS
DIFFERENT
8 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9 EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
10 ROLES OF FLOOR AND MASONRY WALLS SLABS
11 STRENGTH HIERARCHY
12 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
13 EARTHQUAKE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
14 REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
15 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK(RHCBM)
16 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
17 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES
18 CONSTRUCTIONAL ADVANTAGES
19 ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER ADVANTAGES
20 STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE COST ECONOMICS OF RHCBM
21 MID-LEVEL ISOLATION 32-34
22 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDING USING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS WITH SLIDING ON CONCAVE SURFACE
23 DESCRIPTION
24 CONCEPT OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING
25 SLIDING PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM
26 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
27 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
28 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
29 ESTIMATION
30 CONCLUSION
31 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
This presentation gives a brief idea about how earthquake resistant structures are made, using the materials like timber and steel. You might feel there are only pictures in the presentation, but they are enough to understand the process. if need further help, feel free to contact. :) 07972923439.
tells about how the earthquakes are happen, effect of earthquakes on buildings and design methods to be followed to design earthquake resistance building.
hie guys
Its a small presentation on Earthquake Resistant Structures
some basic fundamentals about its causes its effect and few techniques to resist it..
Earthquake Resistant Building ConstructionRohan Narvekar
This File comprises of a general information and guidelines for construction of Earthquake Resistant buildings, Its a basic study of the same and may help students and learners for overall information of this technology.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
Introduction to the Waffle-Crete Precast Concrete Building Systemlarry757
The versatile Waffle-Crete building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, disaster-resistant, reinforced concrete buildings in a fraction of the time and with half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness.
Architecture for Disaster Resistant Systems @I TAKE Unconference 29 05 2015Adi Bolboaca
Aviation has learned how to deal with risks and we can learn from their experience in Software. This talk is about how to apply some of the Aviation concepts into Software Architecture.
This presentation gives a brief idea about how earthquake resistant structures are made, using the materials like timber and steel. You might feel there are only pictures in the presentation, but they are enough to understand the process. if need further help, feel free to contact. :) 07972923439.
tells about how the earthquakes are happen, effect of earthquakes on buildings and design methods to be followed to design earthquake resistance building.
hie guys
Its a small presentation on Earthquake Resistant Structures
some basic fundamentals about its causes its effect and few techniques to resist it..
Earthquake Resistant Building ConstructionRohan Narvekar
This File comprises of a general information and guidelines for construction of Earthquake Resistant buildings, Its a basic study of the same and may help students and learners for overall information of this technology.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
Introduction to the Waffle-Crete Precast Concrete Building Systemlarry757
The versatile Waffle-Crete building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, disaster-resistant, reinforced concrete buildings in a fraction of the time and with half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness.
Architecture for Disaster Resistant Systems @I TAKE Unconference 29 05 2015Adi Bolboaca
Aviation has learned how to deal with risks and we can learn from their experience in Software. This talk is about how to apply some of the Aviation concepts into Software Architecture.
Disaster Resistant Housing
in Pacific Island Countries
A compendium of safe low cost housing
practices in Pacific Island Countries
after the devastation of Cyclone PAm Pacific island countries will start rethinking their stand on the current traditional housing
Seismic Analysis of Structures under Different Soil ConditionsIJERA Editor
In India, multi-storied buildings are usually constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally propose asymmetrical plan configurations. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can generate the most destructive forces on structures. Buildings should be made safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural members in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basis Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces, which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This project report comprises of seismic analysis and design of an five-storied R.C. building with asymmetrical plan in different soil conditions. The building is modelled as a 3D space frame with six degrees of freedom at each node using the software SAP2000 v 14. Building is analyzed using Response Spectrum method. The Response Spectra as per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 for rocky or hard soil and soft soil is used. Dynamic response of a structure resting on soft soils in particular, may differ substantially in amplitude and frequency content from the response of an identical structure supported on a very stiff soil or rock. However, data on many failure examples of rigid structures resting on flexible soils and intensive analytical studies in recent years have made considerable advances in the field of soil-structure interaction and analytical techniques are now available. This interaction phenomenon is principally affected by the mechanism of energy exchanged between soil and the structure. Considering the soil – structure interaction effect which is mainly due to the fact that buildings with high stiffness on loose soils behave differently. Base shears have shown significant variation with high values for structures resting on loose soils and low values in case of hard rock. This attributes mainly due to more absorbing energy capacity of soils when compared to rock materials
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This presentation consists of information about earthquake and techniques used in the low cost earthquake resistant structures. There is complete description about the earthquake as well as the techniques related to the eq resistant techniques
The construction worker knowledge of earthquake resistant buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquake is one of frequent natural disasters in Indonesia. Earthquakes cause damage to facilities and infrastructure, such as buildings collapsed or cracked. Earthquake damage to buildings is caused the buildings is not designed to has the strength to withstand earthquakes. There are three things that must be considered in the designing of the building to has the resistant to the earthquake, which is a good building materials, correct construction methods, and skilled workers. In this study, assessment of the construction workers knowledge of earthquake resistant building is done through tests and interviews 30 construction workers in Yogyakarta. The next investigation is the correlation between the construction worker knowledge of earthquake resistant construction with construction worker background (age, place of origin, work experience, the number of houses that have been done, and level of education). Observations also made on the house making process to determine whether its process in accordance with the principles of earthquake resistant buildings. Observations were made on the structure elements of the building include sloop work, column work, brick wall work, ringbalk work, and concrete mix work. From the research conducted, it is concluded that the level of worker knowledge about methods of earthquake resistant building construction is good. Background of the workers have a fairly strong correlation with their knowledge about the concept of earthquake resistant buildings. The category of studied houses based on the principles of earthquake resistant buildings are "good enough", since they are close to the terms and conditions of earthquake resistant construction methods. Keywords: earthquake, residential, construction workers, construction of earthquake-resistant building methods
The objective of the paper is to show the effect of the earthquake on different types of foundations such as shallow, mat/raft, pile and structures like gravity dam, arch dam etc. The reaction of soil to the loading of the building when a building undergoes an earthquake disturbance as a behaviour of deflection is known as the soil structure interaction. The movement of ground during the Earthquake induces kinematic and inertial loading which decreases the bearing capacity and increments the settlement of shallow foundations. In seismic regions, where kinematic interactions have been observed, the mat foundations experiences overturning moments. Pile foundations are influenced by both kinematic and inertial interactions which causes many failures. The convoluted oscillating arrangement of acceleration and ground motion in a gravity dam, developing ephemeral dynamic loads because of inertia of dam and confined water is the seismic activity generated in these dams. The arch dam foundations undergoes effects of inertia and flexibility due to the propagation of seismic waves.
About disaster resistant structure in architecture construction. all the measure from flood, earthquake, landslide, cyclones are given in this ppt, and about the disaster resistant structure.
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...ijtsrd
This study work focuses on the analysis of a structural system to determine the deformations and comparison of steel quantity of seismic zones. In this study, we have taken G 12 multi storied RC moment resisting framed structure building with the shear wall by analyzing the structure for gravity load, wind load and seismic loads for different cities. By Selecting four different cities on the basis of seismic zones zone II, zone III, zone IV, zone V and also considering that the basic wind speed. We have mainly focus on the structural system to determine the deformations and also forces induced by applied loads or ground excitation is an essential step in the design of a structure to resist earthquake. The analysis and design for all the cities are carried out using STAAD Pro' and STAAD Foundation' software which are industry standard software the world over. The wind resistant design is carried out as per IS 875 Part 3 1987 and the earthquake resistant design is carried out as per IS 1893 Part 1 2002. Analysis and design of beams, columns and shear wall have been done in STAAD Pro and the foundation is done in STAAD Foundation. We have also checked the design of some beams, columns, and footings manually and find correct. Design of RCC slabs is carried out manually for which an excel sheet is developed for working out moment coefficients for different edge conditions as per IS code. In this study work, we design and analyze a reinforced concrete frame structure in various seismic zones and we observing the variation in the behavior of the structure in various loading conditions. Priyatam Kumar | Vikash Kumar Singh "Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Seismic Zone" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26688.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26688/design-and-analysis-of-a-multistory-reinforced-concrete-frame-in-different-seismic-zone/priyatam-kumar
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.DEFINITION AND CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE
3.FACTOR AFFECTING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE
BUILDING DURING EARTH QUAKE
4.DESIGNING OF SEISMIC RESISTANT BUILDING
5.METHODS OF REDUCING THE EFFECT OF
EARTHQUAKE
6.CONCLUSION
3. 1.INTRODUCTION
Earthquake is one of the most serious disaster of nature
If we will go through the recent past we can know the
consequences of earthquake in India
The catastrophic effect of “bhuj and assam earth quake” is still
unforgettable.
4. Beside this many more catastrophic earthquake had occurred in
India .
NAME OF
THE
PLACE
YEAR RATE/INTE
NSITY
NUMBER
OF DEATH
1.CUTCH 1819 8.3 1500
2.KANGRA 1905 8.6 1900
3.KILLARI 1993 6.4 7928
4.QUETTA 1935 7.6 30000
5.BIHAR -
NEPAL
1934 8.4 11000
6.BHUJ 2001 7.75 13805
7.BIHAR-
NEPAL
1988 6.6 1004
5. 2.DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF
EARTHQUAKE:-
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the earth,
resulting from the sudden release of energy in the earth
lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Main causes:
It happens due to sudden movement of earth’s crust or
volcanic eruption.
6. 3.FACTOR AFFECTING THE SETTLEMENT OF
THE BUILDING DURING EARTH QUAKE
STRUCTURAL HEIGHT AND LOAD OF THE BUILDING.
LATERAL STRENGTH OF THE BUILDING.
ADEQUATED STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE.
DUCTILITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE BUILDING.
7. TYPE OF THE SOIL ON WHICH THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED.
ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN.
NO CONNECTION OF WYTHES (EXTERNAL VERTICAL WALLS).
USE OF LESS EFFECTIVE MORTAR AND POROUS BRICKS.
8. 4.DESIGNING OF SEISMIC RESISTANT
BUILDING:-
By making masonry building square shaped ,the seismic
resistance can improved.
The length of the wall should not
more.
9. A specific gap should provided at the joints of the building to
prevent the collision between the walls during earthquake.
10. Providing horizontal bands in the building by which it acts as
a single unit during earthquake and increases tensile strength of the
building.
11. Making the building’s own weight as less as possible by using
light weight construction materials.
12. Strength hierarchy should be followed as:- strength of beam<
strength of column <strength of foundation .
13. No gap should remain in between the slabs,columns
and beams.
14. Less porous brick and good quality of mortar should be use in
wall construction .
15. As the seismic load acts more on the lower part of the building so
we should make the lower part more strong as compare to the
upper part.
16. The column should be long to avoid short-column effect .
17. 5.METHODS OF REDUCING THE EFFECT
OF EARTHQUAKE
There are two major methods are avilable to reduce the effect
of earthquake on the buildings .
1.BASE ISOLATION METHODE
2.ENERGY DISSIPATION METHODE
18. CONLUSION
As a civil engineer, it is our duty to safeguard all the structures
from naturally occurring hazards such as Earthquakes.
Therefore we should aim for earthquake-resistant design
buildings. By adopting various design philosophies and
modern engineering techniques such as Base Isolation and
Energy Dissipation methods we can successfully resist
earthquake to a greater degree ,thus saving millions of lives
and protecting our economy.
THANK YOU