This document provides an overview of the formation of Canada as a nation through Confederation in 1867. It discusses the roots of Confederation stemming from tensions between French and English colonies. The key reasons for Confederation included political disunity, weak economies, small populations, and international tensions with the US. The document then outlines the political developments that led to the British North America Act of 1867, establishing the Constitution of Canada and dividing powers between national and provincial governments. It provides context on the early politics and fears of US intentions that encouraged Confederation, as well as details on the governmental framework created by the British North America Act.
The document discusses the cultural significance of cows in Hinduism and India. It notes that cows are considered sacred symbols and that Hindus are forbidden from eating beef. However, cows provide less than half of India's milk and most are not dairy breeds. The cow's importance comes from its role in producing offspring like oxen for labor. Drought has historically impacted farmers and cattle, with cow dung used widely as fuel and fertilizer instead of being wasted. The sacred view of cows in India affects relationships and society.
C1SA Newspapers Daily Mirror (2021 onwards) context language representation a...KBucket
This document provides context about a newspaper article from The Mirror, a British tabloid newspaper.
The Mirror targets a mostly working class readership and traditionally takes a left-wing political stance. The article being analyzed covers Theresa May suffering another defeat in Parliament over her Brexit proposals.
The document provides background on The Mirror as a national tabloid established in 1903. It discusses the current political context in the UK regarding Brexit negotiations and the divisions in Parliament over approving a deal. Context is also given on the cultural significance of topics sometimes covered in tabloids like EastEnders and horse racing.
Late Night Women's Hour is a spin-off of the popular BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. It is produced by the BBC and distributed via radio broadcast, podcast, and streaming. The BBC's public purposes include providing impartial news and information, supporting learning, showcasing creative output, reflecting UK communities, and portraying UK culture internationally. Radio 4's remit is to provide intelligent speech programming that informs, educates, and entertains through news, current affairs, and other speech genres. Late Night Women's Hour was launched in 2014 when Woman's Hour was guest edited for a week by prominent women, and it features a panel discussion late at night hosted by Lauren Laverne.
This document traces the origins and evolution of reality television from hidden camera shows in the 1940s to the modern explosion of the genre in the late 1990s and 2000s. It discusses several key turning points and shows:
- Candid Camera in the 1940s is considered the first reality-based comedy TV program.
- 1973's An American Family on PBS was the first documentary style reality show, following the real-life Louds family and portraying the coming out of the gay son.
- The 1990s saw the rise of shows like COPS and The Real World that featured everyday unscripted footage and people's real lives.
- Survivor in 2000 launched the modern era of big-budget
The document discusses period dramas and their conventions. Period dramas are not just literary adaptations, and include shows set in specific time periods like Life on Mars. The BBC has produced many period dramas recently, though ratings have dipped for some. Contemporary audiences interpret period dramas through how times were different in the past. Proper mise-en-scene with accurate costumes, sets and props is crucial to period dramas but also very expensive. Life on Mars is considered a period drama even though it is set in the 1970s.
This document outlines various narrative theories that can be used to analyze media texts, including music videos. It introduces Todorov's theory of classic narrative structure with beginning, middle, end stages. Propp's character archetypes in stories are described. Levi-Strauss discusses binary oppositions between characters. Barthes' semiotics theory analyzes signs and codes. The objectives are to understand and apply these theories to analyze music videos and other media, and determine how well traditional narrative theories fit modern media forms.
Late Night Woman's Hour is a monthly spin-off of the popular BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. It is produced by the BBC to complement the daily Woman's Hour program and provide more in-depth discussions of topics relevant to women late at night. Originally launched in 2015 and hosted by Lauren Laverne, it has become a weekly podcast due to its popularity. It now features guests from various backgrounds and explores themes like health, relationships, and entertainment from a female perspective.
Changing Cold War Relations - afghanistan warmrmarr
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to prop up the communist government that came to power after a 1978 revolution. However, many Afghans opposed communist rule and fought back as mujahedeen rebels in a civil war. The Soviet invasion was intended to ensure communist control and give the Soviets access to oil, but they faced guerrilla warfare tactics from the mujahedeen. After 10 years of fighting, the costly and unwinnable war became a disaster for the Soviets similar to the US in Vietnam, and Soviet troops withdrew in 1989.
The document discusses the cultural significance of cows in Hinduism and India. It notes that cows are considered sacred symbols and that Hindus are forbidden from eating beef. However, cows provide less than half of India's milk and most are not dairy breeds. The cow's importance comes from its role in producing offspring like oxen for labor. Drought has historically impacted farmers and cattle, with cow dung used widely as fuel and fertilizer instead of being wasted. The sacred view of cows in India affects relationships and society.
C1SA Newspapers Daily Mirror (2021 onwards) context language representation a...KBucket
This document provides context about a newspaper article from The Mirror, a British tabloid newspaper.
The Mirror targets a mostly working class readership and traditionally takes a left-wing political stance. The article being analyzed covers Theresa May suffering another defeat in Parliament over her Brexit proposals.
The document provides background on The Mirror as a national tabloid established in 1903. It discusses the current political context in the UK regarding Brexit negotiations and the divisions in Parliament over approving a deal. Context is also given on the cultural significance of topics sometimes covered in tabloids like EastEnders and horse racing.
Late Night Women's Hour is a spin-off of the popular BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. It is produced by the BBC and distributed via radio broadcast, podcast, and streaming. The BBC's public purposes include providing impartial news and information, supporting learning, showcasing creative output, reflecting UK communities, and portraying UK culture internationally. Radio 4's remit is to provide intelligent speech programming that informs, educates, and entertains through news, current affairs, and other speech genres. Late Night Women's Hour was launched in 2014 when Woman's Hour was guest edited for a week by prominent women, and it features a panel discussion late at night hosted by Lauren Laverne.
This document traces the origins and evolution of reality television from hidden camera shows in the 1940s to the modern explosion of the genre in the late 1990s and 2000s. It discusses several key turning points and shows:
- Candid Camera in the 1940s is considered the first reality-based comedy TV program.
- 1973's An American Family on PBS was the first documentary style reality show, following the real-life Louds family and portraying the coming out of the gay son.
- The 1990s saw the rise of shows like COPS and The Real World that featured everyday unscripted footage and people's real lives.
- Survivor in 2000 launched the modern era of big-budget
The document discusses period dramas and their conventions. Period dramas are not just literary adaptations, and include shows set in specific time periods like Life on Mars. The BBC has produced many period dramas recently, though ratings have dipped for some. Contemporary audiences interpret period dramas through how times were different in the past. Proper mise-en-scene with accurate costumes, sets and props is crucial to period dramas but also very expensive. Life on Mars is considered a period drama even though it is set in the 1970s.
This document outlines various narrative theories that can be used to analyze media texts, including music videos. It introduces Todorov's theory of classic narrative structure with beginning, middle, end stages. Propp's character archetypes in stories are described. Levi-Strauss discusses binary oppositions between characters. Barthes' semiotics theory analyzes signs and codes. The objectives are to understand and apply these theories to analyze music videos and other media, and determine how well traditional narrative theories fit modern media forms.
Late Night Woman's Hour is a monthly spin-off of the popular BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. It is produced by the BBC to complement the daily Woman's Hour program and provide more in-depth discussions of topics relevant to women late at night. Originally launched in 2015 and hosted by Lauren Laverne, it has become a weekly podcast due to its popularity. It now features guests from various backgrounds and explores themes like health, relationships, and entertainment from a female perspective.
Changing Cold War Relations - afghanistan warmrmarr
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to prop up the communist government that came to power after a 1978 revolution. However, many Afghans opposed communist rule and fought back as mujahedeen rebels in a civil war. The Soviet invasion was intended to ensure communist control and give the Soviets access to oil, but they faced guerrilla warfare tactics from the mujahedeen. After 10 years of fighting, the costly and unwinnable war became a disaster for the Soviets similar to the US in Vietnam, and Soviet troops withdrew in 1989.
1. The document discusses Pakistan's relationship and loans from the IMF over several decades, from the late 1940s to 2008. It outlines the various standby agreements and extended funding facilities Pakistan received during different governments.
2. It analyzes the conditionalities of IMF programs and Pakistan's inconsistent implementation, with fiscal targets often missed. While some reforms were made, concessions remained and tax revenues did not increase substantially.
3. The document evaluates both achievements, like increased exports, and failures of IMF programs in Pakistan, such as stagnant tax revenues. It questions whether Pakistan consistently needed IMF assistance or if governments too readily accepted stringent conditions and accumulated more debt.
The causes of the crisis in Ukraine are mainly geopolitical and strategic. What is at stake is not, in fact, Ukraine's accession to the European Union because this has very little to offer in promoting the country's development. Ukraine only has to lose. Many industries will no longer operate or will be dominated by European multinationals and small farmers will be ruined. But what the United States intends through the incorporation of Ukraine to the European Union is, above all, allow NATO forces are stationed on the border of Russia. The most likely future scenario for the outcome of the political crisis in Ukraine is the division of the country, with the Crimea already incorporated into Russia and the transformation of eastern, central-eastern and southern Ukraine in an autonomous region of Kiev government if it is held the agreement of the European Union and Ukraine or occur its annexation to Russia if NATO forces are stationed in Ukraine. The civil war that has started in Ukraine can turn into a military conflict involving NATO forces and Russia to unpredictable consequences.
This document summarizes research on Brexit and the demographics of Leave voters in the 2016 UK referendum on EU membership. It identifies three key groups that supported Leave: (1) left behind working-class voters struggling financially with low education, (2) blue-collar retired voters who were also working-class and low-income but not struggling, and (3) more affluent voters who were less likely to struggle financially. Across these groups, strong concerns about immigration and loss of UK sovereignty and control were primary drivers of supporting Leave over Remain. The document examines public opinion surveys tracking these views and finds Leave voters have largely maintained their positions post-referendum. It concludes by outlining long-term questions facing the UK
The document discusses several key aspects of the filmmaking process. It explains that films are designed to affect viewers and are a collaborative medium created through the combined efforts of filmmakers, technology, and corporations. It also addresses the creative decisions involved in filmmaking, including choices around style and form, and how these decisions can engage viewers. Additionally, it provides an overview of the technological mechanisms that make cinema possible, such as critical flicker fusion and apparent motion, as well as the various production modes, distribution methods, and exhibition formats used in the film industry.
ASY1 Media Studies C1SA Tide Language and RepresentationKBucket
The document provides context about a Tide laundry detergent advertisement from the 1950s. It discusses the social and political context of women's roles during and after World War 2, when more women took jobs in factories while the men were away fighting. The advertisement represents women in a stereotypical 1950s role as homemakers, but this reflected the need to encourage women back into the home as men returned from war. The use of media language and imagery in the advertisement constructs representations that both challenged and reinforced common views of women's roles during this period.
The presentation about the Soviet-Afghan war is created from the different sources which are mentioned in the last slide of the presentation.
the presentation doesn't contain any personal statement. some photos from Afghanistan different places are added to show the positive view f Afghanistan against what the media shows.
The document lists the cast and crew for an upcoming production. Hayden Yau, Chris Knapp and Taryn Mruk are serving in multiple roles such as producer, director, assistant director, sound mixer, editor and caterer. The rest of the roles such as director of photography, grip, production designer, composer and stills photographer are also filled. Contact information is provided for each crew member.
The document summarizes key events that helped trigger the Second Red Scare in the mid-20th century in the United States, including the Soviet Union developing atomic weapons in 1949, the rise of Communist control in China, laws targeting Communist organizations and sympathizers in the US, high-profile spy cases involving the Soviets, President Truman's investigations of government employees for loyalty, Senator Joseph McCarthy's baseless accusations of Communist infiltration and his rise of McCarthyism, the House Un-American Activities Committee investigations of Hollywood, and McCarthy's eventual decline in popularity from 1954 after attacking the US Army.
This presentation provides an analytical perspective of Ram Rajya Vision for humanity as envisaged by Mahatma Gandhi. It articulated Ram Rajya vision in terms of Prosperity, Justice and Peace as three founding principles for developing human society as 'sacro-civic society'.
BREXIT (Britain Exit) The Reasons & ImpactsSlide Gen
BREXIT_The Reasons & Impacts
Brexit is an abbreviation of "British exit". In 23 June 2016 Britain came out from European Union (EU) by the Vote of Britain’s people.
After Having 43 years of membership this great country makes this big decision. In 1973 United Kingdom got the membership in EU to expand the business among 28 members and share a common economical system.
Socialization and China's One Child PolicyAileen Ye
China's one-child policy aimed to limit population growth but had unintended consequences. Son preference resulted in sex-selective abortion, leading to a shortage of women. This created demand for human trafficking of women and girls into China. The policy changed family structure by limiting siblings and straining the "sandwich generation" who care for young and old. Proposed solutions like cash for girls programs are limited and do not address underlying gender inequality and valuation of sons. Overall, the policy shaped families by reducing family size and socialization while increasing emotional strain, and connected to human rights issues abroad.
This document provides an overview and summary of the film Dead Poets Society. It takes place at Welton Academy, an all-boys preparatory school, and focuses on Professor John Keating, an unconventional English teacher who inspires his students through his passionate teachings about poetry. He encourages the boys to seize the day and make their own choices rather than conform to society's expectations. The main characters include Neil Perry and Todd Anderson, who are deeply impacted by Keating's encouragement to follow their dreams. Scenes highlighted show how Keating's leadership and teachings empower the students to think independently.
Deception: How the Media Strengthens Women Stereotypeskynagarr
The document discusses three common stereotypes of women portrayed in media:
1) Women are weak - They are often shown as helpless, emotional, and reliant on men for protection. Examples given are characters from 50 Shades of Grey and Twilight.
2) Women are housewives - Women are primarily responsible for childcare and household duties. Religious and cultural influences have traditionally reinforced this stereotype.
3) Women are sex symbols - Women are commonly objectified and their value is based on their appearance and sexuality.
The G7's precursor was the 'Group of Six'. It was founded ad hoc in 1975, consisting of finance ministers and central bank governors from France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth ($263 trillion). A net national wealth and a very high Human Development Index are the main requirements to be a member of this group.
The G7 countries also represent the 46% of the global GDP evaluated at market exchange rates and the 32% of the global purchasing power parity GDP.
The organization was originally founded to facilitate shared macroeconomic initiatives by its members in response to the collapse of the exchange rate 1971, during the time of the Nixon Shock, the 1970s energy crisis and the ensuing recession.
To identify and work together on issues pertaining to security ,economies , climate change , Peace, geo political issues.
Develop framework for regulation for the above issues.
This document provides an overview of North America, including its constituent countries and territories. It discusses the shared aboriginal and colonial pasts of North America and how this history continues to influence modern politics, economies, and cultures. Key differences between the USA, Canada, Greenland, and Mexico are also outlined, such as their varying paths to independence and relationships with European powers. Native populations, governments, economies, and environments of North America are described at both regional and national levels.
The document summarizes the Confederation Conferences that took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in 1864 and Quebec City later that year. These conferences brought together representatives from the British North American colonies to discuss the idea of a larger Canadian union. The Charlottetown conference did not result in an agreement but paved the way for the Quebec conference where 72 resolutions outlining the terms of Confederation were drafted. These resolutions still required approval from each colony's government. The document then outlines activities for students to take on roles in different colonies and vote on whether to join Confederation or not, comparing their decisions to history.
This document provides information on why immigrants came to the US, immigration trends between 1870-1920, the growth of cities, problems in cities, and the Progressive Era. Key points include:
- Between 1870-1920, 20 million Europeans and over 500,000 Chinese/Japanese immigrated to the US, largely due to opportunities, family, and factors pushing/pulling them from their home countries.
- Half of all immigrants settled in cities, contributing to rapid urban growth and overcrowding. Cities struggled with issues like disease, pollution, and crime due to inadequate infrastructure and housing.
- The Progressive Era saw reforms aimed at social welfare, morality, economic issues, and efficiency through government regulation, activism, and amendments
Canada has a highly developed economy that is dominated by the service industry. It has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. Canada has a long border with the US and relies heavily on trade. It values multiculturalism and its culture draws from British, French and indigenous influences.
The document provides an overview of immigration, segregation, and the Progressive Era between 1870-1920. It discusses how 20 million Europeans immigrated to the US during this period, with half a million Chinese and Japanese also immigrating to the west coast. This led to anti-immigrant sentiments. Cities grew rapidly due to the influx of immigrants and African Americans seeking jobs and opportunities. The Progressive movement aimed to address issues like corruption, unsafe working conditions, and inequality through reforms to protect social welfare, promote moral values, create economic reforms, and foster efficiency. Notable progressive presidents like Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson passed regulations to curb monopolies and empower workers and consumers.
Canada is the second largest country in the world with 10 provinces and 3 territories. It has a long coastline and shares the longest land border with the United States. Canada has a diverse population of over 35 million people and is one of the wealthiest and most multicultural countries in the world. The document outlines Canada's history from its earliest Aboriginal inhabitants to European colonization and its establishment as a country in 1867. It also describes some of Canada's major cities and natural sites, as well as aspects of its culture including music, sports, art, literature, film and food.
This document contains a chapter summary of "North Carolina: Land of Contrasts" that discusses the state's history from the end of the Revolutionary War through the early 19th century. It covers North Carolina establishing itself as a state under the weak Articles of Confederation, debates around ratifying the US Constitution, the state's role in the early American government emphasizing states' rights, efforts to improve infrastructure and education, and internal migrations affecting the population during this period. The chapter is divided into sections focused on these themes in North Carolina's development as a new state in the early American republic.
1. The document discusses Pakistan's relationship and loans from the IMF over several decades, from the late 1940s to 2008. It outlines the various standby agreements and extended funding facilities Pakistan received during different governments.
2. It analyzes the conditionalities of IMF programs and Pakistan's inconsistent implementation, with fiscal targets often missed. While some reforms were made, concessions remained and tax revenues did not increase substantially.
3. The document evaluates both achievements, like increased exports, and failures of IMF programs in Pakistan, such as stagnant tax revenues. It questions whether Pakistan consistently needed IMF assistance or if governments too readily accepted stringent conditions and accumulated more debt.
The causes of the crisis in Ukraine are mainly geopolitical and strategic. What is at stake is not, in fact, Ukraine's accession to the European Union because this has very little to offer in promoting the country's development. Ukraine only has to lose. Many industries will no longer operate or will be dominated by European multinationals and small farmers will be ruined. But what the United States intends through the incorporation of Ukraine to the European Union is, above all, allow NATO forces are stationed on the border of Russia. The most likely future scenario for the outcome of the political crisis in Ukraine is the division of the country, with the Crimea already incorporated into Russia and the transformation of eastern, central-eastern and southern Ukraine in an autonomous region of Kiev government if it is held the agreement of the European Union and Ukraine or occur its annexation to Russia if NATO forces are stationed in Ukraine. The civil war that has started in Ukraine can turn into a military conflict involving NATO forces and Russia to unpredictable consequences.
This document summarizes research on Brexit and the demographics of Leave voters in the 2016 UK referendum on EU membership. It identifies three key groups that supported Leave: (1) left behind working-class voters struggling financially with low education, (2) blue-collar retired voters who were also working-class and low-income but not struggling, and (3) more affluent voters who were less likely to struggle financially. Across these groups, strong concerns about immigration and loss of UK sovereignty and control were primary drivers of supporting Leave over Remain. The document examines public opinion surveys tracking these views and finds Leave voters have largely maintained their positions post-referendum. It concludes by outlining long-term questions facing the UK
The document discusses several key aspects of the filmmaking process. It explains that films are designed to affect viewers and are a collaborative medium created through the combined efforts of filmmakers, technology, and corporations. It also addresses the creative decisions involved in filmmaking, including choices around style and form, and how these decisions can engage viewers. Additionally, it provides an overview of the technological mechanisms that make cinema possible, such as critical flicker fusion and apparent motion, as well as the various production modes, distribution methods, and exhibition formats used in the film industry.
ASY1 Media Studies C1SA Tide Language and RepresentationKBucket
The document provides context about a Tide laundry detergent advertisement from the 1950s. It discusses the social and political context of women's roles during and after World War 2, when more women took jobs in factories while the men were away fighting. The advertisement represents women in a stereotypical 1950s role as homemakers, but this reflected the need to encourage women back into the home as men returned from war. The use of media language and imagery in the advertisement constructs representations that both challenged and reinforced common views of women's roles during this period.
The presentation about the Soviet-Afghan war is created from the different sources which are mentioned in the last slide of the presentation.
the presentation doesn't contain any personal statement. some photos from Afghanistan different places are added to show the positive view f Afghanistan against what the media shows.
The document lists the cast and crew for an upcoming production. Hayden Yau, Chris Knapp and Taryn Mruk are serving in multiple roles such as producer, director, assistant director, sound mixer, editor and caterer. The rest of the roles such as director of photography, grip, production designer, composer and stills photographer are also filled. Contact information is provided for each crew member.
The document summarizes key events that helped trigger the Second Red Scare in the mid-20th century in the United States, including the Soviet Union developing atomic weapons in 1949, the rise of Communist control in China, laws targeting Communist organizations and sympathizers in the US, high-profile spy cases involving the Soviets, President Truman's investigations of government employees for loyalty, Senator Joseph McCarthy's baseless accusations of Communist infiltration and his rise of McCarthyism, the House Un-American Activities Committee investigations of Hollywood, and McCarthy's eventual decline in popularity from 1954 after attacking the US Army.
This presentation provides an analytical perspective of Ram Rajya Vision for humanity as envisaged by Mahatma Gandhi. It articulated Ram Rajya vision in terms of Prosperity, Justice and Peace as three founding principles for developing human society as 'sacro-civic society'.
BREXIT (Britain Exit) The Reasons & ImpactsSlide Gen
BREXIT_The Reasons & Impacts
Brexit is an abbreviation of "British exit". In 23 June 2016 Britain came out from European Union (EU) by the Vote of Britain’s people.
After Having 43 years of membership this great country makes this big decision. In 1973 United Kingdom got the membership in EU to expand the business among 28 members and share a common economical system.
Socialization and China's One Child PolicyAileen Ye
China's one-child policy aimed to limit population growth but had unintended consequences. Son preference resulted in sex-selective abortion, leading to a shortage of women. This created demand for human trafficking of women and girls into China. The policy changed family structure by limiting siblings and straining the "sandwich generation" who care for young and old. Proposed solutions like cash for girls programs are limited and do not address underlying gender inequality and valuation of sons. Overall, the policy shaped families by reducing family size and socialization while increasing emotional strain, and connected to human rights issues abroad.
This document provides an overview and summary of the film Dead Poets Society. It takes place at Welton Academy, an all-boys preparatory school, and focuses on Professor John Keating, an unconventional English teacher who inspires his students through his passionate teachings about poetry. He encourages the boys to seize the day and make their own choices rather than conform to society's expectations. The main characters include Neil Perry and Todd Anderson, who are deeply impacted by Keating's encouragement to follow their dreams. Scenes highlighted show how Keating's leadership and teachings empower the students to think independently.
Deception: How the Media Strengthens Women Stereotypeskynagarr
The document discusses three common stereotypes of women portrayed in media:
1) Women are weak - They are often shown as helpless, emotional, and reliant on men for protection. Examples given are characters from 50 Shades of Grey and Twilight.
2) Women are housewives - Women are primarily responsible for childcare and household duties. Religious and cultural influences have traditionally reinforced this stereotype.
3) Women are sex symbols - Women are commonly objectified and their value is based on their appearance and sexuality.
The G7's precursor was the 'Group of Six'. It was founded ad hoc in 1975, consisting of finance ministers and central bank governors from France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth ($263 trillion). A net national wealth and a very high Human Development Index are the main requirements to be a member of this group.
The G7 countries also represent the 46% of the global GDP evaluated at market exchange rates and the 32% of the global purchasing power parity GDP.
The organization was originally founded to facilitate shared macroeconomic initiatives by its members in response to the collapse of the exchange rate 1971, during the time of the Nixon Shock, the 1970s energy crisis and the ensuing recession.
To identify and work together on issues pertaining to security ,economies , climate change , Peace, geo political issues.
Develop framework for regulation for the above issues.
This document provides an overview of North America, including its constituent countries and territories. It discusses the shared aboriginal and colonial pasts of North America and how this history continues to influence modern politics, economies, and cultures. Key differences between the USA, Canada, Greenland, and Mexico are also outlined, such as their varying paths to independence and relationships with European powers. Native populations, governments, economies, and environments of North America are described at both regional and national levels.
The document summarizes the Confederation Conferences that took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in 1864 and Quebec City later that year. These conferences brought together representatives from the British North American colonies to discuss the idea of a larger Canadian union. The Charlottetown conference did not result in an agreement but paved the way for the Quebec conference where 72 resolutions outlining the terms of Confederation were drafted. These resolutions still required approval from each colony's government. The document then outlines activities for students to take on roles in different colonies and vote on whether to join Confederation or not, comparing their decisions to history.
This document provides information on why immigrants came to the US, immigration trends between 1870-1920, the growth of cities, problems in cities, and the Progressive Era. Key points include:
- Between 1870-1920, 20 million Europeans and over 500,000 Chinese/Japanese immigrated to the US, largely due to opportunities, family, and factors pushing/pulling them from their home countries.
- Half of all immigrants settled in cities, contributing to rapid urban growth and overcrowding. Cities struggled with issues like disease, pollution, and crime due to inadequate infrastructure and housing.
- The Progressive Era saw reforms aimed at social welfare, morality, economic issues, and efficiency through government regulation, activism, and amendments
Canada has a highly developed economy that is dominated by the service industry. It has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. Canada has a long border with the US and relies heavily on trade. It values multiculturalism and its culture draws from British, French and indigenous influences.
The document provides an overview of immigration, segregation, and the Progressive Era between 1870-1920. It discusses how 20 million Europeans immigrated to the US during this period, with half a million Chinese and Japanese also immigrating to the west coast. This led to anti-immigrant sentiments. Cities grew rapidly due to the influx of immigrants and African Americans seeking jobs and opportunities. The Progressive movement aimed to address issues like corruption, unsafe working conditions, and inequality through reforms to protect social welfare, promote moral values, create economic reforms, and foster efficiency. Notable progressive presidents like Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson passed regulations to curb monopolies and empower workers and consumers.
Canada is the second largest country in the world with 10 provinces and 3 territories. It has a long coastline and shares the longest land border with the United States. Canada has a diverse population of over 35 million people and is one of the wealthiest and most multicultural countries in the world. The document outlines Canada's history from its earliest Aboriginal inhabitants to European colonization and its establishment as a country in 1867. It also describes some of Canada's major cities and natural sites, as well as aspects of its culture including music, sports, art, literature, film and food.
This document contains a chapter summary of "North Carolina: Land of Contrasts" that discusses the state's history from the end of the Revolutionary War through the early 19th century. It covers North Carolina establishing itself as a state under the weak Articles of Confederation, debates around ratifying the US Constitution, the state's role in the early American government emphasizing states' rights, efforts to improve infrastructure and education, and internal migrations affecting the population during this period. The chapter is divided into sections focused on these themes in North Carolina's development as a new state in the early American republic.
Canada was transitioning from a rural, extraction-based economy to a more urbanized and industrialized society at the turn of the 20th century. The Conservative and Liberal parties had different approaches to issues like trade policy, western settlement, and national unity. Sir Wilfrid Laurier's Liberals pursued policies to encourage immigration and agricultural settlement of the Prairies. Economic growth was spurred by mining rushes like the Klondike Gold Rush, development of industries like lumber, and the building of railroads. However, this period also saw the rise of inequality between wealthy industrialists and a growing urban working class living in poverty.
Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans immigrated to the United States, with half a million Chinese and Japanese also immigrating to the West Coast. This mass immigration, combined with migration from rural to urban areas, led cities to grow rapidly but also experience overcrowding, disease, and other problems. During this Gilded Age and Progressive Era, reformers sought to address these issues and problems with capitalism through progressivism, pushing for social welfare, moral reform, economic reform like regulating railroads and child labor laws, and government efficiency. Teddy Roosevelt championed many progressive causes as president from 1901-1909 like conservation and trust-busting.
Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans immigrated to the United States, with half a million Chinese and Japanese also immigrating to the West Coast. This massive wave of immigration, combined with the movement of farmers and African Americans to cities, led cities to grow rapidly but also experience overcrowding, disease, and other problems. During this era known as the Progressive Era or Gilded Age, reformers sought to address these issues through efforts to protect social welfare, promote moral reform, create economic reforms like child labor laws and regulation of railroads, and foster government efficiency. Some of the most prominent reformers of this time included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and activists and journalists known as "muckrakers" who
(2014) The Canadian Political System: A Comparative Perspective (2.03 MB)K-12 STUDY CANADA
This document compares the political systems of Canada and the United States. It outlines that both countries share common principles like the Magna Carta, representative democracy, and federalism. However, their constitutions, forms of government, and approaches to issues differ in important ways. Canada has a parliamentary system where the prime minister is the head of government, while the US has a presidential system. They also take different stances on issues like health care, immigration, and participation in wars. The document aims to highlight both the similarities and differences between the political landscapes of Canada and the US.
The document discusses key events and developments during Andrew Jackson's presidency from 1829-1837. It summarizes that Jackson's presidency expanded democracy by allowing more white men to vote. It led to the growth of new political parties like the Democrats and Whigs. Though Jackson aimed for equal rights, events like the Nullification Crisis and Indian Removal highlighted regional divisions between the North and South. The document also summarizes Jackson's battles with the Bank of the United States and the economic Panic of 1837 that occurred at the end of his presidency.
The Gilded Age was characterized by a weak national government that had little effect on citizens. Voter turnout remained high due to regional, ethnic, and cultural interests rather than national issues. Political parties were controlled by political bosses and machines. Presidents made many patronage appointments to reward their party machines. Attempts at civil service reform met resistance from both major parties. Growing public concern over issues like tariffs, trusts, and railroads foreshadowed coming political changes that would disrupt the Gilded Age system.
The Great Migration and push for democracy in British North America are summarized as follows:
1) Poverty and economic troubles in Britain triggered the Great Migration as many British people emigrated to British North America for more opportunities. This influx of colonists created pressure to settle more land.
2) Reformers wanted more democratic government and power for the elected assemblies rather than appointed governors and councils. This led to rebellions in both Upper and Lower Canada in 1837-1838 seeking democratic rule.
3) In response, Britain launched the Durham Report recommending uniting Upper and Lower Canada, giving colonies more power, and assimilating French Canadians to British culture. This led to the Act of Union
The Era of Good Feelings in the US following the War of 1812 was characterized by a heightened sense of nationalism, optimism about the country's future, and reduced sectionalism and political divisions. There was a decline in political parties, particularly the Federalists, after their opposition to the war. The period saw economic nationalism through measures like tariffs and the Second Bank of the US, as well as judicial nationalism under Chief Justice John Marshall that strengthened the federal government. Territorially, the US expanded its borders through treaties like the Adams-Onis Treaty and asserted its influence through the Monroe Doctrine.
The Gilded Age was characterized by a weak national government that had little effect on citizens. Voter turnout was high due to regional, ethnic, and cultural interests rather than national issues. The two dominant parties, Republicans and Democrats, were controlled by political machines and bosses. Presidents made many patronage appointments to reward their party machines. Attempts at civil service reform met resistance from party factions focused more on political power than true reform. Growing public concern over issues like tariffs, trusts, and railroads indicated changes that would disrupt the political balance of the Gilded Age.
The document discusses the Republican experiment following the American Revolution and the challenges faced in developing a new national government. It describes how the Articles of Confederation provided a weak central government and the push for a stronger federal constitution. Key events included debates around the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, compromises at the Philadelphia Convention, and the ratification process. The Bill of Rights was later added to address concerns around individual liberties.
This study guide covers major topics and events in AP US History. It discusses the Aztecs, importance of corn, Christopher Columbus's voyages and their impacts, and the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing control of the Americas between Spain and Portugal. It also summarizes the founding of Jamestown and other early English colonies, the development of the New England colonies and middle colonies, conflicts between the colonies and England over taxation and governance, and the American Revolutionary War.
The document summarizes the political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 British colonies in North America. It discusses how colonies like Connecticut and Rhode Island established more democratic and representative forms of self-government. It also describes how religious dissenters like Roger Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island to have freedom of religion and separation of church and state. The colonies pursued economic opportunities from natural resources and provided relief for the unemployed or indebted in Europe.
This 1 page PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of Canada in 3 bullet points: New Frontiers: Contested Claims in Arctic Exploration; a list of 4 student names who may have created the presentation; and instructions to scroll down to view the contents.
New Frontiers: Contested Claims in Arctic ExplorationK-12 STUDY CANADA
New Frontiers: Contested Claims in Arctic Exploration (larger font)
Presentation by Dr. Nadine Fabbi, Managing Director, Canadian Studies Center and Arctic and International Relations, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington
Dr. Vincent Gallucci, Director, Canadian Studies Center and Arctic and International Relations, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington
Harkiran Rajasansi, Consul, Consulate General of Canada, Seattle
Eileen Hynes, Director of Thematic Studies, Lake and Park School, Seattle
Resources Compiled by Kaye Michalak, Lukas Shadair, Su Rim Han, Maggie Archbold, and Ryan Hauck
Presentation given at the World Affairs Council Global Classroom Teacher’s Workshop in Seattle, WA on February, 28, 2017.
This document contains a list of 16 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to teaching about Canada. The presentations are grouped under three headings: the 2016 NCSS Conference, the 2016 IBMA Educators Workshop, and the 2016 STUDY CANADA Summer Institute. The presentations cover topics such as elections in Canada and the US, indigenous peoples of Canada, Canadian confederation, the Great Depression in Canada, and an overview of the Canadian political system from a comparative perspective.
NCSS 2016 - Chris Sands - Elections and Outcomes in the United States and CanadaK-12 STUDY CANADA
Presentation by Chris Sands, Senior Research Professor and Director of the Center for Canadian Studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), a graduate division of Johns Hopkins University
IBMA 2016 - Mike Clare - Clash of Empires, Canada and the 20th Century Global...K-12 STUDY CANADA
This document provides an overview of some of the geopolitical clashes and military engagements involving Canada from the 19th century through the early 2000s. It outlines several territorial disputes with the United States in the 19th century, as well as Canada's involvement in World Wars I and II on the side of Britain, including key battles like Vimy Ridge, D-Day, and the Battle of the Atlantic. It also briefly mentions Canada's role in postwar organizations like NATO and military operations such as the Suez Crisis, Vietnam War, and conflicts in Somalia, Rwanda, Afghanistan and others. The document is authored by Mike Clare and appears to be providing historical context for clashes between empires that impacted Canada over the last century.
This document contains a list of 16 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to teaching about Canada. The presentations are grouped under three headings: the 2016 NCSS Conference, the 2016 IBMA Educators Workshop, and the 2016 STUDY CANADA Summer Institute. The presentations cover topics such as elections in Canada and the US, indigenous peoples of Canada, Canadian confederation, the Great Depression in Canada, and an overview of the Canadian political system from a comparative perspective.
IBMA 2016 - R. Gokey - Indigenous Peoples of CanadaK-12 STUDY CANADA
National Museum of the American Indian resources can help correct what is taught about Native peoples in American schools. The presentation introduces American Indian history and culture as a vital part of the American narrative. It also highlights the diversity of indigenous communities while also noting shared concerns. The presenter thanks the audience for their time.
This document contains a list of 16 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to Canada from 2016 conferences and workshops. The presentations are grouped under the headings of the 2016 IBMA Educators Workshop, 2016 NCSS Conference, and 2016 STUDY CANADA Summer Institute. The topics covered include indigenous peoples, confederation, human rights, geography, history, politics, and the US-Canada trade relationship.
This document contains a list of 16 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to Canada, including its history, indigenous peoples, government, economy, and geography. The presentations are grouped into three categories: presentations from the 2016 IBMA Educators Workshop, the 2016 NCSS Conference, and the 2016 STUDY CANADA Summer Institute.
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B. Payne - Human Rights in Canadian HistoryK-12 STUDY CANADA
This document summarizes human rights issues in 20th century Canadian history. It discusses the suppression of radical politics in the early 20th century through events like the Regina Riot of 1938. It also examines the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War 2 when over 20,000 were forcibly removed from coastal British Columbia. The document then outlines the key rights protected in Canada's 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms, such as equality and protection from discrimination. Finally, it analyzes the legacy of the Indian Residential School system and the ongoing issue of indigenous rights in Canada.
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B Payne - The Great Depression in CanadaK-12 STUDY CANADA
The Great Depression had a significant impact on Canada and its political landscape in the 1930s. Canada responded conservatively without implementing programs like the New Deal. Political leaders like William Lyon Mackenzie King and Richard Bedford Bennett emphasized balanced budgets over government intervention. Radical parties led by J.S. Woodsworth and "Bible Bill" Aberhart gained popularity out of frustration with the lack of response to economic hardship, though Bennett also attempted to appeal to workers. Regional and ethnic tensions increased during this difficult time.
This document contains a list of 17 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to Canada. The presentations cover subjects such as political cartoons, comparative democracies between Canada and the US, trans-border issues, teaching Canadian studies, indigenous diplomacy in the Arctic, history education networks, literature of the North American West, Canada declining conscription in World War 1, reimagining communities, Canada-US trade relationships, a portrait of Quebec, an introduction to Canada, Canadian regional geography, the Canadian historical experience, the Canadian political system in a comparative perspective, resources and best practices for teaching about Canada, and teaching about Canada's Aboriginal peoples.
This document contains information about two PowerPoint presentations related to topics in Canada from 2013. The first presentation is about proposed coal ports in Cherry Point and Longview, and the second discusses pipeline politics in the western part of the country.
This document contains a list of 12 PowerPoint presentations about various topics relating to Canada, including its history, geography, political system, trade relationships, aboriginal peoples, Quebec, and transboundary water governance. The presentations were created for K12 students studying Canada and range from introductory overviews to more specialized topics.
This document contains 4 PowerPoint presentations about teaching Canada. The presentations are titled: 1) Canada 101, 2) Teaching about the World's Largest Trade Relationship, 3) Resources for Teaching about Canada, and 4) The Stories We Tell. The presentations were created in 2015 for K12 students studying Canada.
This document contains a list of 13 PowerPoint presentations about teaching Canada. The presentations are divided into two sections - the first section contains 7 presentations on topics like indigenous people, Canadian geography, history, and the US-Canada trade relationship. The second section lists 4 additional presentations, including ones on human rights and the Great Depression in Canada, as well as relisting one from the first section.
Anton Schulzki – History of the Americas instructor/IB Paper 3 examiner
Presented at the
Teaching Canada Professional Development Workshop for IBMA Educators
Newseum learning center – Washington, DC – November 30, 2016
This document contains a list of 26 PowerPoint presentations about various topics in Canadian history and culture. The topics range from early Indigenous peoples and European exploration, to the fur trade, British colonial rule, Confederation, the world wars, healthcare and trans-border issues. The presentations provide an overview of political, economic and social developments in Canada from the 16th century to the modern day.
This document contains 8 PowerPoint presentations about various topics related to Canada, including resources for teaching about Canada from the National Research Council of Canada, an introduction to Canada and its resources, Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest, Canadian geography, history of Western Canada, Canada's trade relationship with the United States, and Canada's political system.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
2. Roots of Confederation [Evolution]
A cautious approach to national independence due to
two cultures
two languages
deference to authority
loyalty to England
distrust of U.S.A.
Road to BNA Act of 1867—1st Constitution of Canada
• Quebec Act
• Constitution Act of 1791
• Rebellions of 1837
• Durham Report
3. Reasons for Concern in BNA [Canada]
• POLITICAL—BNA disunited
• Colonies separate and distinct with competition
• Francophone v. Anglophone--Catholic v. Protestant
• ECONONIC—weak economies
• Slow growth compared to USA
• Small population with centers along border
• Funds for public workers needed
• Education at risk
• NATIONHOOD—Transportation key
• Roads
• Waterways
• Railroads
• INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS—USA intentions in question
4. Early Politics
• Tories—True Conservatives
• Anglo and Loyalists—loyal to crown
• Bleus—Reform
• George-Etienne Cartier
• Liberal-Conservatives
• Unification goal
• John A. Macdonald
• Grits—closer ties with USA
• George Brown
• Liberal
5. Evolution not Revolution
• Canada did not WIN self government with war
• No rebellion against Britain
• Canada did it politically with British encouragement
• Political union negotiated among colonies
• Debates for long time—years
• Vested interests needed protection
• Compromise not easy, however…
• International tensions following U.S. Civil War
• Fenian threat helped get compromise
• BNA got fast British approval for Confederation
• Britain eager to end squabble
• Wanted BNA to cover more costs
• Movement toward free trade
6. Meetings
• Charlottetown [PEI] in 1864
• Macdonald—Liberal Conservative
• Cartier—Bleus [Reform]
• Brown—Grits
• Quebec—after Charlottetown
• 6 colonies met
• 72 resolution
• Balance of power—national vs. provincial [colony]
• Confederation became the outline
7. Fear of USA
• Role of BNA in Civil War
• Raid at St. Alban, VT
• Support of CSA—Alabama Claims
• Booth [?]
• Fenian Raids
• Discharged Irish soldiers from Union army
• Anti-Britain—wanted Britain out of Ireland
• BNA closest place to attack
• Niagara area
• New Brunswick
8. British North America Act—1867
• BNA Act served as framework of government until 1982
• Combined British and U.S. system of government
• Constitutional monarchy
• Division between national and provincial power
• Powers not delegated go to federal government [reverse of U.S.]
• As important as our Constitution is to USA
• July 1, 1867—CANADA DAY
• Original provinces:
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
Goal:
Peace, Order, and Good Government
10. Would Canada Survive and Grow?
Next phase of history
GIANT step toward nationhood
1604-1763—French control
1763-1867—British North America
1867-2012—Canada
What to call this new nation?
12. Links with Britain remain
• Self governing yet remained under British crown
• Still British subjects
• Queen of England and of Canada as well
• Queen Victoria
• Revisions in Confederation
• Had to be approved by British Parliament
• Seldom an issue
• Somewhat embarrassing
• Foreign Affairs
• Officially represented by Britain
• Few in Canada objected—at first
13. Capital OTTAWA
• Ottawa
• On Ottawa River
• Called Bytown
• Lumbering frontier
• Selected by Queen Victoria
• Between Franco/Anglo
• Neutral like D.C.
http://www.itcwebdesigns.com/w52608.htm
http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/gallery/victoria.html
16. Government of Canada
• Queen
• Governor General
• Legislative--Parliament
• House of Commons
• Prime Minister
• Cabinet
• Loyal Opposition
• Senate
• Judiciary
http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=publications&doc=aarchives/decision/canada-
eng.htm
17. Queen and the Governor General
• Head of state—Queen
• Queen’s Privy Council
• Governor General represents crown when Queen absent
• Term of office—5 years
• Bilingual
• Roles
• Ceremonial duties only—power only at time of crisis
• Officially appoint Prime Minister and set elections
• Dissolve Parliament
• Formal gatherings, meetings and dinners with heads of state
• Welcome special guests
• Throne Speech—state of Canada written by Prime Minister
• Signs laws [Royal Assent]—mere formality
18. Governor General David Johnston
• 28th Governor General
• 2010
• https://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13874
19. Elections in Canada
• At least every 5 years—May 2, 2011
• Called by Prime Minister [officially by Governor General]
• Keeps opposition off guard
• Vital to keep own party loyal
• Campaign only 6 weeks long—March 26, 2011
• Elect only Members of Parliament—NOT Prime Minister
• Districts called RIDINGS
• Local areas
• Parachuting into a Riding possible—does not need to be resident
20. Legislative
• House of Commons
• Elected—no term limits, no defined term length
• Senate
• Appointed by Prime Minister
• Term until 75 years of age
• No real power
22. House of Commons
• Membership—308 [338 in next election]
• From Ridings—names not numbered districts
• No residency requirement
• Meets daily September to December and February to July
• THIS IS RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT
• Question Period—most important role
• Governing party
• Loyal opposition and shadow cabinet
Fusion of Legislative and Executive Branches
Sherman, George. Teaching Canada. Plattsburgh, NY: Center for the Study of Canada, 2002. page 45.
24. Prime Minister
• Head of the government—Chief Executive
• First among equals—Chief Legislator
• Must be elected by riding and thus Member of Parliament--MP
• Party leadership
• No term limit; no definite term length; no requirements
• Head of the majority of House of Commons—UNLESS
• Appoint Cabinet
• Appoint Senate
• Calls elections
• Party loyalty—never vote against party
25. Justin Trudeau—Liberal--2015
• Elected by single riding [population of about 110,000]
• Still represents riding in Parliament
• Leadership of Majority Party
• Delegates and conventions
• Tradition—only upon death or resignation
• Majority Party forms government
• If no majority, coalition government
• http://pm.gc.ca/eng/cabinet
26. Cabinet http://pm.gc.ca/eng/cabinet
• Portfolios—advisors to Prime Minister who has total selection control
• Deputy Prime Minister [Vice President role]
• Attorney General
• President of the Treasury Board
• Regional and Economic Development
• State
• Communications
• Transport
• Revenue
• Environment
• Justice
• Multiculturalism
• Defense
• Finance
• International Trade
• Health
• Fisheries
• Etc.
http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/postscript-canada-the-beautiful-1.2646105
27. Loyal Opposition
• Minority party with most votes
• Sitting across aisle--pressure on governing party
• Prepared to take over in next election
• Shadow cabinet with similar portfolios/assignments
• Other minority parties
• Watch dogs of government—vocal critics
• Question period key check on government— www.cpac.ca
• Hammer majority party with questions—”feet to the fire” daily
• In full view each day in session—televised
• One hour long--approximately
• Government must defend actions
• Role of the media
28. Senate http://sen.parl.gc.ca/portal/about-senate-e.htm
• Membership—up from 104 to112
• Equality based on population and region
• Ontario and Quebec—most Senators, equal number
• Maritimes
• West
• North
• Appointed by Prime Minister
• Political patronage
• Not a great deal of real power
• Seldom vote NO [last in 1940]
• Perks
29. How a Bill Becomes Law in Canada
Sherman, George. The Canadian Parliamentary System. Plattsburgh, NY: The Center for the Study of Canada. [video]
30. Judicial
• Supreme Court
• Appointed by Prime Minister
• 9 Justices
• Based on regions
• Beverley McLachin—Chief Justice
• Provincial judges—federal appointments
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/supreme-court-of-canada/
http://www.scc-csc.ca/home-accueil/index-eng.aspx
http://o.canada.com/news/coyne-recent-rulings-from-surprisingly-liberal-supreme-court-beginning-to-become-alarming
31. Other interesting facts
• Provinces—like states
• Premier
• Parliaments
• Territories
• Local governments
• Power derived from provinces
• Metro planning
• No double jeopardy rule in Canada
• Crimes are federal crimes
• RCMP
• Provincial police
32. Comparison—U.S. and Canada
• George Sherman, The Canada Connection in American History: a guide for teachers. Plattsburgh: Center for the
Study of Canada, 1992.
33. John A Macdonald—1st Prime Minister
• First of 22 Prime Ministers
• Prime Minister of Canada twice for 19 years total
• Born in Scotland—emigrated at age of 5 to Ontario
• Dropped out of school at 14 became lawyer at 19
• Served as legal counsel for 1837 rebels
• Premier of Ontario in 1856
• “Old Tomorrow”
• Family
• Died in office 1891
http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/politics/pm/johnmacdonald.htm
34. Macdonald’s Vision for Canada
• Form first government
• Four provinces—Atlantic and Great Lakes
• Set stage for future
• Westward expansion—”From Sea to Sea”
• Rupert’s Land take over by Canada in 1869
• British Columbia
• Railroad West
• RCMP
• Reelection in 1872
• Blurs in his vision
• Metis in Manitoba [next week]
• Riel Rebellion [next week]
35. British Columbia becomes # 5
• Desire to gain foothold on Pacific
• Negotiations with whites [10,000]
• Legacy of fur trade
• Brief gold rush in Fraser Valley
• 1871 with strings
• Absorb BC debt
• Sponsor public works
• Link BC with rest of Canada==railroad
• Problematic
• Funding questions
• Rail construction dilemmas
36. Macdonald reelection in 1872
• Due to expansion west and north
• Dominion Lands Act of 1872
• Modeled after our Homestead Act
• Started transcontinental railroad
• Canadian Pacific Railway charter
• Conservative government
• Montreal business
• Scandal with railroads for Macdonald
• Macdonald resigned
• Conservative government collapsed
37. Alexander Mackenzie—2nd Prime Minister
• Liberals won in 1873
• Mackenzie—ineffective leader for 5 years
• Stimulus plan
• Attempt to keep coalition together
• Economic depression
• Railroad progress slowed to crawl
• US rejected Liberal plan to reestablish reciprocity
Changed Judicial System with Supreme Court established in 1875
More voter suffrage, secret ballot
http://www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/government/mackenzie.html
39. Protectionism
• Free trade v. Protectionism pitted two conflicting impulses
• desire for beneficial economic ties with the United State
• fear that closer economic ties would lead to American domination
and annexation
• High tariffs adopted in 1879 by Conservatives=more $$$
• Protected industries in Ontario and Quebec
• Angry consumers especially in West and Maritimes
• Some industries did grow—job creation in industrial heart
• Textiles
• Shoes
• Agricultural machinery
• Sharpened regional disputes
• Americans developed branch plants to sidestep tariffs
40. Perennial Issue?
Macdonald's Conservatives tried to persuade voters that a
policy of reciprocity – one of the planks in the 1891 election
platform of the Liberal party – amounted to selling Canada
to the United States. The Conservatives were successful,
but Sir John A. Macdonald died three months after winning
the election
http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=his&document=chap2&lang=e
41. Railroads
• Money from tariff could fund transcontinental rail
• East to west dilemmas—forest, swamps, lakes, Shield
• Used U.S. route via Michigan—Grand Trunk Railroad
• Fear of U.S. claiming unsettled Canada
• Others railroads built
• 1720s—Cape Breton horse drawn carts
• 1820s—Halifax
• 1836—St. Lawrence to Richelieu—15 miles
• 1860—Ontario, Quebec, Maritimes had railroads
• BUT…
• 1862—took 7 months to go from Manitoba to Victoria
42. Dilemmas of Transcontinental Railroad
• Surveying land—1st task
• Winter work cold, wind, snow [-40 degrees]
• Summer work bugs, heat, humidity [90+ degrees]
• Easiest route marked—flattest [no tunnels, bridges]
• Mountains tougher
• Followed path cut by axes
• Drew maps
• Fire, drowning, sunstroke, frostbite, scurvy, bear, snakes
• Years away from family
• Covered 12,000 miles on foot
• SCANDAL—Macdonald out, Mackenzie elected
Chose route in 1881
43. Stanford Fleming
• Engineer
• Divided Canada into 3 sections
• Took 6 years to survey land, map
• Most famous for STANDARD TIME ZONES
http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventors/a/SandfordFleming.htm
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
44. Actually building the track
• American oversaw actual work
• Used immigrant labor
• Chinese laborers from Pacific
• As young as 12
• Hard working
• Hardest most dangerous due to mountain passes
• Irish, Italian, German, Russian, Scandinavian, Polish, English
• English built bridges and machinery
• Cut trees, clear path, blast through rock
• 1880-85 in BC alone—27 tunnels, 600 bridges
• Used black powder and nitro
• Rock slides, falls, death
http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/v-g/pm-mp/lhn-nhs/kickinghorse_e.asp
46. Workers’ lives
• Low pay [$1-2.50/day]
• Had to pay for own food, housing, clothing, blankets,
transportation to site, mail, medical—all provided by CP
• If bad weather, no pay but still expenses.
• If lucky, $16 per month for self and family back home
• Away for years on railroad work—many from China
• Hazards
• Hard work
• Wooden ties every 2 feet [8 feet long]
• Steel rails—12 feet long
• Rock, gravel, dirt to level bed
• ALL by hand
47. Last spike
Craigellachie, British Columbia
Final spike of millions
November 7, 1885 [US May 10, 1869]
First passenger train following July
Montreal to Port Moody, BC
2900 miles in 5 days 19 hours
burned 520 cords of wood
John A. Macdonald and wife to BC a week later
49. BTW
• Canadian Pacific hotels—Banff
• Colonists cars—settlement west
• Track walker—lonely life
• Snow sheds
• Bridges
• Longest/highest in Lethbridge, AL—5328 feet long, 315 feet high
• Tunnels—80 of them
• Spiral tunnel where too steep, used extra engines
• Longest tunnel—9 miles
• Sidings
• School trains [1920-1967]
• Standard time zones
51. Settlement West—National Unity
• Needed transcontinental railroad first
• Red River Rebellion
• Riel Rebellion
• Immigrants would then settle Canadian West
Last Best West—Canada!
• More next week
52. 5 Prime Ministers in 5 years
• John A Macdonald—Conservative died in 1891 [19 years]
• John Abbott—Conservative
• Quit after 18 months
• John Thompson—Conservative
• Died at Windsor Castle after 2 years
• Mackenzie Bowell—Conservative
• Forced to quit after about 18 months
• Charles Tupper—Conservative
• Defeated in election after 2 months
• Wilfred Laurie—Liberal
• Held power from 1896 until1911
http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/compilations/federalgovernment/primeministers/gallery.aspx