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IBMA 2016 - Dr. B. Payne - Human Rights in Canadian History
1. Human Rights in Canadian
History
Brian Payne
Associate Professor of History, Bridgewater State University
Visiting Fulbright Chair, Center for North American Integration, Carleton University
Teaching Canada: A Professional Development Workshop for IBMA Educators Offered by Fairfax County Public
Schools and the National Resource Centers on Canada in the US
November 30, 2016 – Newseum Learning Center, Washington, DC
2. The Peaceable Kingdom?
Examples in 20th-Century Canadian
History
The Freedom of Ideology: Suppression
of Radicals Politics
Nativism, Jingoism, and State Power:
Japanese-Canadian Internment
Constitutional Rights: The Charter of
Rights and Freedom
The Right of Cultural Survival: Indian
Residential Schools
Going Beyond “British Liberties”
3. The Freedom of Ideology:
The Suppression of Radicalism in Canada
Major Events
Ontario
Queen’s Park “Riot”, 1929
Trial of Eight Communist, 1931
Section 98
Oshawa Strike, 1937
Atlantic Canada
Estevan Riot, 1931
West
Regina Riot, 1938
Quebec
Padlock Law, 1937
4. Nativism, Jingoism, and State Power:
Japanese-Canadian Internment
Anti-Asian Ideology
As old and entrenched in Canada as it
is in the US
Reid, “I felt in that room the physical
presence of evil.”
“Protected Areas”
20,881
Deportation
Cooperative Committee on Japanese
Citizens
5. Constitutional Rights:
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Breaking from the Limits of “British
Liberties”
1960 Bill of Rights
Constitutional Debate, 1981-82
Key Characteristics
General language
Protects Canadians from the State
Protects minorities from
Parliamentary majorities
Provides list of principal rights
6. Constitutional Rights:
Charter of Rights and Freedom
Key Sections
Section 1
“demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society”
Section 15
“every individual is equal”
“right to the equal protection and equal benefits of the law without discrimination”
“in particular” race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical
disability
Section 33
“notwithstanding” clause
7. The Right of Cultural Survival:
Indian Residential Schools
A Quick History of “Indian Schools”
Indian Act of 1876
Mandatory Attendance after 1894
1930
80 Schools across the country
1969 ended partnership with
churches
Last school close in 1996
8. Indian Residential Schools Settlement
Agreement (IRSSA), 2007
Common Experience Payment
$1.9 billion in reparations
Independent Assessment Process
Out-of-Court mechanism
$1.7 billion in aid
Aboriginal Health Foundation
$1.25 million for mental and emotional
heath programs
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
$60 million for five-year TRC
Honouring the Truth: Reconciling for
the Future (2014)
9. Conclusion:
Canada’s Human Rights Progress
The Legacy of “British Liberties”
Tory, Elitist, and Deferential
Turning-Point
Japanese-Canadian Deportation
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Most Pressing Issue
Aboriginal Rights