Concept of learning
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This document discusses learning and the factors that affect it. It defines learning as the modification of behavior through experience and training. Learning is a process, not a product, and it involves changes in an individual from birth through experiences and training. It can lead to positive or negative behavioral changes. Factors that influence learning include individual characteristics like health, intelligence, and motivation, as well as environmental factors like teaching methods, resources, and infrastructure. There are different types of learning like verbal, motor, and conceptual learning. The outcomes of learning are desirable behavioral changes and the achievement of teaching objectives.
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This document discusses the nature and characteristics of learning. It defines learning as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or teaching. It then outlines several key characteristics of learning:
1. Learning is unitary - the whole person responds intellectually, emotionally, physically, and spiritually to learning situations.
2. Learning is individual - each person learns differently based on their unique background and abilities.
3. Learning is social - it occurs through interactions with other individuals in a social environment.
4. Learning is purposeful - it is directed towards goals determined by a person's motives and incentives. Learning aims to enable meaningful adjustments and problem-solving.
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The document discusses the concept of learning and the learning process. It defines learning as a change in behavior, for better or worse, that occurs through experience and practice and must be relatively permanent. It describes several types of learning, including conditioning, motor learning, discrimination learning, verbal learning, problem solving, concept learning, and attitude learning. It outlines the steps in the learning process as motivation, goal, exploration of the situation, response, reinforcement, and integration. The document provides examples for each type of learning and step in the process.
Learning and Its Nature.pptx
Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. It is a process through which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adapt to life. Learning results from both direct experiences and observing others, and it is influenced by prior knowledge. It is a continuous, lifelong process that occurs through practice and leads to adjustments in behavior. Effective learning takes place through active participation and collaboration with others.
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Frank Parsons is considered the father of vocational guidance. He wrote the first book on career choice in 1908. Vocational guidance aims to help individuals choose, prepare for, and progress in an occupation. It involves discovering one's interests and abilities, acquiring knowledge about different occupations, and developing decision-making skills to evaluate options. Various strategies are used, including career corners, conferences, industrial visits, and counseling. Factors like family, personality, economics, and public policy can influence vocational development. Vocational guidance counselors should provide impartial and confidential services to help people access educational and career information.
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Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. It focuses on observable behaviors and interactions between stimuli and responses. The three major behaviorist learning theories are:
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3. Learning is social - it occurs through interactions with other individuals in a social environment.
4. Learning is purposeful - it is directed towards goals determined by a person's motives and incentives. Learning aims to enable meaningful adjustments and problem-solving.
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Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. It is a process through which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adapt to life. Learning results from both direct experiences and observing others, and it is influenced by prior knowledge. It is a continuous, lifelong process that occurs through practice and leads to adjustments in behavior. Effective learning takes place through active participation and collaboration with others.
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Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. It focuses on observable behaviors and interactions between stimuli and responses. The three major behaviorist learning theories are:
1. Contiguity theory - any stimulus and response connected in time and space will form an association.
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The document discusses various perspectives on the concept of learning. It begins by listing many different types and contexts of learning to illustrate the broad and complex nature of the term. It then examines several definitions of learning from different scholars and debates whether strict definitions are useful given the complexity of learning. The document also explores questions around the mechanisms, nature, and factors that influence learning. It discusses theories and models of learning, including Bateson's levels of learning, and considers perspectives on the purpose of education. Overall, the document provides an overview of the many facets of learning and debates how to understand such a broad concept.
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This document discusses the nature of learning and defines key concepts. It begins by defining learning as the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills through experience, leading to a change in behavior. Learning can occur through direct experiences or observing others. The document then examines definitions of learning from various scholars and identifies the basic principles of learning, including association, clarity, self-activity, readiness/rewards, practice, disassociation, timing, environment and transfer. It differentiates between rote learning, which involves memorization without understanding, and meaningful learning, which facilitates retention and transfer through relating new information to prior knowledge.
Discipline in nursing education
Discipline is defined as the training and development of students through instruction and exercises to regulate behavior and bring order and efficiency. The document outlines several principles of discipline including that it should be in harmony with educational goals, based on love rather than fear, preventative and corrective, and never retributive. Different types of discipline are discussed such as authoritarian, democratic, self-discipline, and assertive discipline. Classroom disciplinary measures and maintaining discipline are also explained. The conclusion emphasizes that discipline is vital for education by controlling behavior to achieve objectives and guidelines help create a student-centered environment.
Psychological Aspects of Physical Education
This document discusses psychological aspects of physical education and learning. It defines learning as a progressive change in behavior and emphasizes learning to move and moving to learn. Key elements for learning are a motivated individual, a desired skill or knowledge, and effort to achieve a goal. Motivation is considered the heart of learning. Motor learning involves bodily movements in response to stimuli and forming generalized movement patterns rather than exact repetitions. Prerequisites for learning include maturation, intelligence, aspiration levels, and reaction time. Theories of learning discussed are stimulus-response, cognitive/field theory, and Gagne's views. Basic learning principles are that individuals learn as a whole, learning is active, and in relation to their maturity and experiences.
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum-Dr. D (EDITED).ppt
1. Psychology provides a foundation for understanding the teaching and learning process, which is essential for curriculum specialists.
2. Major theories of learning include behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism. Behaviorism focuses on conditioning and reinforcement, cognitivism on how people think and process information, and humanism on personal growth.
3. These psychological theories influence how curriculum is designed and delivered to best enhance student learning based on principles like sequencing skills from simple to complex and building on students' prior knowledge and experiences.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Concept of learning
- 1. LEARNING D R . TA R A L I PAT H A K , A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R D E PA R T M E N T O F E D U C AT I O N , C OT TO N U N I V E R S I T Y
- 2. WHAT IS LEARNING? • Learning is a process of living more effectively • What we do is the product of learning
- 3. And everything we do…. Except reflex actions
- 4. • Learning is the process of modification of the behaviour • Throughout our whole life we continue to change, modify and improve our crude behaviour
- 5. DEFINITIONS • Percy Nun , “ TO LEARN IS TO MODIFY BEHAVIOUR” • E. A Gates, “ Learning is the modification of behaviour through experience and training” • Crow and Crow.” Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge and attitudes, it involves new ways of doing things and it operates in an individual’s attempt to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situation.”
- 6. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING • Learning is a process and not a product • It involves all the experiences and training of an individual (Right from birth) which help him to produce • Learning leads to changes in behaviour but it does not mean that that learning will bring improvement or positive changes • Instead of acquiring new behaviour or changing existing behaviour it also mean discontinuation of the the existing behaviour. • Learning prepares an individual for any adjustment and adaptation that may be necessary
- 7. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING • Learning is purposeful and goal oriented. • The scope of learning is too wide- it includes cognitive, conative and affective domains • Learning is universal and continuous • Learning involves new ways of doing things but there is no limit to adopting the new ways and means. • Learning does not involve the changes in the behaviour on account of maturation, fatigue, illness and drugs
- 8. FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING • Factors associated with the learner 1. Factors related to physical and mental health 2. The basic potential of the learners - learners innate abilities -Intelligence, understanding, skills -Interest, aptitude, attitude 3.Level of aspiration and achievement motivation 4. Goals of life 5. Readiness and will power
- 9. FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING • Factors associated with the type of learning experience 1. Nature of Learning experience - Formal or informal, Planned or unplanned -based on the principle of child centeredness or not -suitably organized for desirable objectives or not? 2. Methodology of learning -Linking with previous experience - correlating with other area - Utilization of maximum number of senses - Revision and Practice -proper feedback and reinforcement
- 10. FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING • Factors associated with the men and material resources 1. Quality of the teacher 2. Intention of the students 3. Availability of appropriate learning material 4. Proper infrastructure
- 11. TYPES OF LEARNING • Verbal Learning • Motor Learning • Concept Learning • Problem solving • Serial Learning • Paired associate learning
- 12. OUTCOMES OF LEARNING • Desirable changes in behaviour • Attaining teaching learning objectives • Proper growth and development • Balanced development of Personality • Proper adjustment • Realizing goals of life
- 14. REFERENCE • Mangal, SK. (2007). Advanced Educational Psychology. New Delhi: prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.