Learning process

Nazareth College of Education
for Women
Course : Learning and
Teaching
Teacher Educator : Mrs.Gayathri
(Head of the
Department of
Computer Science)
Topic : Nature of Learning
Process
SUJEETHA.R
MATHEMATICS
2018-2020

 Learning is an active social process
 Vygotsky (1978)
 McMahon (1997)
 Kukla (2000)
 Green and Gredler (2002)
 Definition of Learning
 What is Learning ?
 What is Teaching & Learning ?
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

 Nature of Learning
 Five principles of learning
 Three important activities in the process of
learning
 Three domains of learning
 Types of learning
 Conclusion
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

 Vygotsky (1978) also highlighted the convergence of
the social and practical elements in learning by saying
that the most significant moment in the course of
intellectual development occurs when speech and
practical activity, two previously completely
independent lines of development, converge. Through
practical activity a child constructs meaning on an
intrapersonal level, while speech connects this
meaning with the interpersonal world shared by the
child and her/his culture.
Learning is an active social process

 McMahon (1997) agrees that learning is a
social process. He further states that learning
is not a process that only takes place inside
our minds, nor is it a passive development of
our behaviors that is shaped by external
forces and that meaningful learning occurs
when individuals are engaged in social
activities.

Kukla (2000) argues that reality
is constructed by our own
activities and that people,
together as members of a
society, invent the properties of
the world.

 Green and Gredler (2002) emphasize learning as an
iterative process, involving discursive, adaptive,
interactive, and reflexive qualities. According to
them the main focus is on the instructor-student
relationship. Other studies, too, argue for the
importance of mentoring in the process of
learning. The social constructivist model thus
emphasizes the importance of the relationship
between the student and the instructor in the
learning process.

 Learning is the process
by which an organism
in satisfying its
motivation adopts and
adjusts its behavior in
order to overcome
abstracts or barriers
kingly & gray
DEFINITION

 Learning occupies a very important place in our life.
 Learning is the process of change which enables an
organism itself to the environment.
 It is therefore a process of development and growth.
 It is characterized by flexibility because the
individual has to adapt itself constantly to the
circumstances of the environment.
 Learning produces change in behavior.
NATURE OF LEARNING

 Learning is often defined as the modification of
behavior.
 Learning involves problem solving.
 It helps to understand and discover relationship
between different contents in situation.
 Learning is an automatic process.
 It takes place when the child becomes active
NATURE OF LEARNING contd…

 Learning is a continuous life long process.
 Learning is an universal process.
 Learning is purposive and goal directed.
 Learning involves reconstruction of experiences.
 Learning is the product of activity and environment.
 Learning is transferable from one situation to
another.
 Learning helps in attainment of teaching – learning
objectives.

 Learning helps in the balanced development of the
personality.
 Learning helps in proper adjustment.
 Learning helps in the realization of goals of life.
 Learning does not imply improvement.
 Defined as a change in an individual’s behavior caused by
experiences or self activity
 Implies that learning can only happen through the
individuals activity or his own doing
 Can be intentional or unintentional

Five principles of learning
Involves
trainees,
learn by
doing

Repeat ideas
& concepts
to help
people learn

Learn better
when
material is
,meaningful
and related

To real
world using
simulations

Ask for it and
adjust
training
methods to
audience

Three important activities in the
process of learning
Selecting the most appropriate from
among the information received.
Selecting appropriate information form
the prior knowledge stored in memory
in the form audio, video or images
Then comparing the new information
selected from among the incoming ones
With those drawn from the prior
knowledge and interpreting
In this step two acts viz. selecting and
meaningfully interpreting take place

process of learning
Classifying and
organizing the new
information (coded
in the form of audio
and video or images
)takes place in this
step.

process of learning
Integrating the new
information which
has been well
organized (i.e. New
Knowledge) with
already stored
knowledge in
memory and
modifying the
cognitive structure
takes place in this
step

 Benjamin Bloom has suggested three
domains of learning
Three domains of learning

To recall,
calculate,
discuss,
analyze,
problem
solve, etc.

To like
something or
someone, love,
appreciate,
fear, hate,
worship, etc.

To dance,
swim,
skidive, drive
a car, ride a
bike, etc.

 Motor learning
 Verbal learning
 Concept learning
 Discrimination learning
 Learning of principles
 Problem solving
 Attitude learning
TYPES OF LEARNING

 Most of our activities in
our day-to-days life refer
to motor activities. The
individual has to learn
them in order to maintain
his regular life, for
example walking,
running, skating, driving,
climbing, etc. All these
activities involve the
muscular coordination
Motor learning

 This type of learning
involves the language
we speak, the
communication
devices we use. Signs,
pictures, symbols,
words, figures, sounds,
etc., are the tools used
in such activities. We
use words for
communication.
Verbal learning

 It is the form of learning which
requires higher order mental
processes like thinking,
reasoning, intelligence, etc. we
learn different concepts from
childhood. For example, when we
see a dog and attach the term
‘dog’, we learn that the word dog
refers to a particular animal.
Concept learning involves two
processes, viz. abstraction and
generalization. This learning is very
useful in recognizing and
identifying things.
Concept learning

 Learning to
differentiate between
stimuli and showing an
appropriate response
to these stimuli is
called discrimination
learning. Example,
sound horns of
different vehicles like
bus, car, ambulance,
etc.
Discrimination learning

 Individuals learn certain
principles related to
science, mathematics,
grammar, etc. in order to
manage their work
effectively. These
principles always show
the relationship
between two or more
concepts. Example:
formulae, laws,
associations,
correlations, etc.
Learning of principles

 This is a higher order
learning process. This
learning requires the use of
cognitive abilities-such as
thinking, reasoning,
observation, imagination,
generalization, etc. This is
very useful to overcome
difficult problems
encountered by the
people.
Problem solving

 Attitude is a predisposition
which determines and
directs our behaviour. We
develop different attitudes
from our childhood about
the people, objects and
everything we know. Our
behaviour may be positive
or negative depending
upon our attitudes.
Example: attitudes of
nurse towards her
profession, patients, etc.
Attitude learning

 Language I can’t do it
 Physics
 Chemistry
 Botany
 Zoology
 History
 Civics
 Geography
 Computer Science Bug & Debug…Virus & Anti
virus…Patience
Attitude plays a major role in all the
subjects

Learning process

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