What is Computer? History of Computer Types of Computer Computer Hardware - Basic parts of Computer - Computer Case - Motherboard - Memory

1. COMPUTER
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2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
• An electronic device that manipulates information,
or data.
• Ability to store, retrieve and process data.
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3. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Abacus
• First mechanical calculating device for
counting large numbers
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4. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier
• Built for the purpose of multiplication
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5. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Pascal’s Adding and Subtraction Machine
• Invented by Blaise Pascal
• An adding and subtracting machine which
consists of wheels, gears and cylinder
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6. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Leibniz’s Multiplication and Dividing
Machines (1673)
• Invented by Gottfried Leibniz
• Mechanical device that could multiply and
divide.
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7. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Jacquard Punch Card System
• Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard
• A reader that could recognize the presence of
holes in the punched card as binary one and
the absence of the holes as binary zero.
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8. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Babbage’s Analytical Engine
• Invented by Charles Babbage
• “father of Computer” (1823)
• Mechanical machine designed to do complex
mathematical calculations
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9. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Herman Hollerith
• Founder of a company late became part of
IBM
• Hollerith’s Punched Card Tabulating Machine.
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10. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Augusta Ada Byron
• First computer programmer
• Developed concepts of decision structures,
loops, and a library procedure with Babbage.
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11. History of Computer
(1960’s)
• Ted Hoff, Stan Mazer, Roger Noyce &
Federico Faggin
• Engineers at the Intel Corporation
• Developed the first Microprocessor chip that
serves as the CPU for microcomputers.
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12. History of Computer
(1960’s)
• Paul Allen & Bill Gates
• co-founders of Microsoft Corporation
• Developed the language and the operating
system for the IBM PC.
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13. History of Computer
(1980’s)
• Timothy “Tim” Berners Lee
• British computer scientist
• Invented the World Wide Web
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14. HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE
• Hardware – any part of your computer that has
physical structure
• Software – set of instructions that tells the
hardware what to do and how to do it.
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15. Types of Computer
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16. Desktop computers
• Designed to be placed on a desk, and they’re
typically made up of few different parts
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17. Laptop computers
• Commonly called laptop
• Battery-powered computers that are more
portable than desktops, allowing you to use them
almost anywhere
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18. Tablet computers
• Handheld computers that are even more portable
than laptops
• Use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation
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19. Server
• A computer that serves up information to other
computers on a network.
• Many businesses also use local file servers to sore
and share files internally
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20. Other types of computer
• Smartphones
• Wearables – general term for a group of devices
(fitness trackers and smartwatches)
• Game consoles – used for playing video games on
tv
• TVs – now include apps
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21. PCs & Macs
PC
• 1981
• IBM PC Compatible (PC)
• Microsoft Windows OS
Mac
• Macintosh computer
• 1984
• first widely sold PC with
GUI
• By Apple
• Mac OS X
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22. Basic Parts of desktop
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23. Computer case
• Contains the main components of the computer
• Motherboard, CPU, power supply
• Front: On/Off button, optical drives
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24. Monitor
• Visual Display Unit (VDU)
• Main output device of computer
• Works with video card
• some monitors also have built-in
speaker
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25. Monitor
TYPE OF MONITOR
• New: LCD (Liquid crystal display), LED (Light-
emitting diode) displays – thin (flat-panel display)
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26. Monitor
TYPE OF MONITOR
• Old: CRT(cathode ray tube) displays – larger and
heavier
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27. Keyboard
• May ways to communicate with a computer
• Allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks
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28. Mouse
• Another important tool for communicating with
computers
• Pointing devices
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29. Mouse
• Types of mouse
• Optical – uses an electronic eye to
detect movement and is easier to
clear
• Mechanical – uses a rolling ball to
detect movement and requires
regular cleaning to work properly.
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30. Alternative mouse
• Trackball
• Touchpad (trackpad)- touch-sensitive pad
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31. Computer Case
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32. Front of a computer case
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33. Back of a computer case
• Connection ports – made to fit
specific devices; placement –may
vary
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34. Other types of port
• FireWire
• Thunderbolt
• HDMI
Thunderbolt
FireWire
HDMI
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35. Peripherals – extra ports
• Printers: used to print documents, photos, and
anything else that appears on your screen
• Types:
• Inkjet, laser, photo printers,
all-in-one printer (scan & copy doc)
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36. Peripherals – extra ports
• Scanner
• Allows to copy a physical image or document and save
it to your computer as digital (computer-readable)
image
• all-in-one printer ( with scanner photocopier machine)
• flatbed or handheld scanner
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37. Peripherals – extra ports
• Speakers/headphones
• Output devices, which means they send
information from the computer to user
• It allow to hear sound and music
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38. Peripherals – extra ports
• Microphones
• Input device that receives information
from a user
• Used to record sound or talk with
someone else over the Internet
• Laptop computer comes with built in
microphones
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39. Peripherals – extra ports
• Web cameras (web cam
• Input device that can record videos and take
pictures
• Transmit video over the internet in real time,
which allows for video chat or video
conferencing with someone else
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40. Peripherals – extra ports
• Game controllers and joystick
• Used to control computer games
• Joysticks
• Mouse and keyboard can also use to
control games
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41. Peripherals – extra ports
• Digital cameras
• Captures pictures and videos in digital format
• Connecting USB port to transfer the images
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42. Peripherals – extra ports
• Mobile phones, MP3 players, tablet computers,
and other devices
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43. INSIDE THE COMPUTER
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44. Motherboard
• Main circuit board
• A thin plate that holds CPU, memory, connectors
for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion
cards to control the video and audio, and
connections to your computer’s port (USB)
• Connects directly or indirectly to every part of the
computer
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45. Motherboard
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46. CPU/ processor
• Brain of the computer
• Job is to carry out commands
• Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start
an application, you’re sending instructions to the
CPU
• Two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip
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47. CPU/ processor
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48. CPU/ processor
• Speed: megahertz (MHz) – millions of instructions
per second, gigahertz (GHz) – billion of instructions
per second
• A faster processor can execute instruction more
quickly.
• But it depends on on the speed of many diff
component not just processor.
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49. RAM
• Short-term memory
• Disappears when the computer is turned off
• Measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB)
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50. Hard drive
• Software, documents , and other files are stored
• Long-term storage – saved data even it is turned
off
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51. Power supply unit
• Converts the power from the wall outlet to the
type of power needed by the computer
• Sends power through cables to the motherboard
and other components
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52. STORAGE DEVICES
- Read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.
- Used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk.
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53. Floppy Disk
• Small capacity magnetic storage device inside a
plastic case accessible by a floppy disk drive
• 3 ½ inch size
• 1.44 MB capacity
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54. Optical Disc
• Use laser technology to store data onto a circular
plastic or metallic disc
• Accessed by the use of Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
• Compact Disc (CD) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
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55. Optical Disc
•Compact Disc (CD)
• 700 MB
• Types:
• CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable)
• CD-RW (Compact Disk Re-writable)
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56. Optical Disc
•Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• 4.7 GB
• Commonly used for movie/ video storage.
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57. Hard Drive /Hard Disk Drive
• Magnetic storage device
• Installed inside the computer
• Used as permanent storage for data.
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58. Kinds of Hard Disk
1. Internal Hard Disk
 permanent storage inside the computer box
Stores the programs and files of the computer.
Gets its power from the motherboard
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59. Kinds of Hard Disk
2. External Hard Disk
Hard disks with enclosure made of plastic
or metal
hard disk normally requires external power
to operate.
Capacities of 80 GB to 3 TB.
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60. Flash Memory
• Non-volatile memory that can be electrically
erased and reprogrammed which is used for
general purpose storage and data transfer used in
cellular phones, digital camera, video cameras,
handheld devices, etc.
• Flash drives, memory cards, and solid state drives
(SSD)
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61. Kinds of Flash Memory
1. Flash Drive
Flash memory storage with a USB connector,
having capacity of 4GB to 128 GB.
Durable, have large capacity, fast and cheaper
Flash drives with micro USB connectors are
available for use with smartphones, tablets
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62. Kinds of Flash Memory
2. Solid State Drive (SSD)
More capacity than flash drive
Used as an alternative to hard disk drives
Three to four times more expensive than
the hard disks.
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63. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
Solid-state electronic data storage devices that
use flash memory.
Classified as a general purpose storage and
data transfer used in cellular phones, digital
camera, video cameras, handheld devices, etc.
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64. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
• Memory Stick
• Sony (1998)
• Secure Digital (SD)
• Panasonic, SanDisk and Toshiba
• Used for digital cameras, mobile phnes,
• ‘High capacity formats called SDHC (SD High Capacity)
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65. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
• MicroSD
• Smallest removable flash memory in the market
• Often includes an adaptor
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66. Storage Capacity
File Size Equavalent
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes = 1 KB
Megabyte (MB) 1024 KB = 1 MB
Gigabyte (GB) 1 MB = 1 GB
Terabyte (TB) 1 GB = 1 TB
Petabyte (PB) 1 TB = 1 PB
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67. Hierarchy of Storage
• Primary Memory
• Memory devices that are directly connected and
accessible to the CPU
• Data stored are lost when power is shut down
• RAM
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68. Hierarchy of Storage
Secondary Memory
Storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU .
Does not lose its data when power is shut down.
Also called external memory
Hard disk
Floppy disk
CD, DVD
Removable hard disk
Pen drive
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69. References
• What is Computer?
• GCFLearnFree.org
• Understanding PC Hardware (K12). 2017. Jemma Development
Group
• Images Retrieve from Google Search
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