Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all connected to help their users work together.
A network enables users to share files and resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to each other.
Computer networks fall into two main types: client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks.
This class is a very basic internet class. In this class you will learn terms such as browser, URL, search engines, links, etc. After this class you will be able to open a browser, navigate to a website, and navigate within a website.
A deep introduction to Internet and internet services.
This ppt contains all the minor and major information about Internet from basic internet, www, concepts
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more. You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online. Lets learn some basic things about the internet.
This class is a very basic internet class. In this class you will learn terms such as browser, URL, search engines, links, etc. After this class you will be able to open a browser, navigate to a website, and navigate within a website.
A deep introduction to Internet and internet services.
This ppt contains all the minor and major information about Internet from basic internet, www, concepts
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more. You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online. Lets learn some basic things about the internet.
Internet Basics Notes Class 10 CBSE.pptxSumit Kumar
Internet Basics Presentation based on Class 10 CBSE Syllabus of Code 165 Computer Application.
Presentation Tells the concepts about Internet History.
What is Internet?
How does is works?
And also talk about ARPANET, Web Browsers, Web Servers, Web Clients, Internet Protocols with great animations and graphics, Firewall, Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet, its limitations and Flaws.
History of Internet and advantages of internetTallat Satti
Internet,History of Internet,Terminologies,Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet.E-mail
File Transfer Protocol
Telnet
Other Services
Newsgroups
Chat services
Social networking
E-shopping
Moreover blogs and video conferencing.
4G,5G connection.
Plant Tissue Culture as an Industry by Dr. Jayarama ReddyDr. Jayarama Reddy
The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture like plant tissue culture is always challenging in order to make a profit. Entrepreneurship is generally combined with land, labor, natural resources and capital can produce profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace. The designing of PTC certain elements is essential for a successful operation. More than anything a solid knowledge about the subject and required technology are essential. The correct design of a laboratory will not only help maintain asepsis, but it will also achieve a high standard of work. Careful planning is an important first step when considering the size and location of a laboratory. It is recommended that visits be made to several other facilities to view their arrangement and operation. A small lab should be set up first until the proper techniques and markets are developed. A convenient location for a small lab is a room or part of the basement of a house, a garage, a remodeled office or a room in the headhouse. The minimum area required for media preparation, transfer and primary growth shelves is about 150 sq ft. Walls may have to be installed to separate different areas. Once the business picks up and demand increases then one can think of expanding the lab based on the demand. Larger labs are frequently built as free-standing buildings. Although more expensive to build, the added isolation form adjacent activities will keep the laboratory cleaner. Prefabricated buildings make convenient low-cost laboratories. They are readily available in many sizes in most parts of the country. Laboratory requirements and techniques are in length described in the earlier chapters Built-in-place frame buildings can also be used. Consideration should be given to the following:
1. Check with local authorities about zoning and building permits.
2. Locate the building away from sources of contamination such as a gravel driveway or parking lot, soil mixing area, shipping dock, pesticide storage, or dust and chemicals from fields.
3. A clear span building allows for a flexible arrangement of walls.
4. The floor should be concrete or capable of carrying 50 pounds per square foot.
5. Walls and ceiling should be insulated to at least R-15 and be covered inside with a water-resistant material.
6. Windows, if desired, may be placed wherever convenient in the media preparation and glassware washing rooms.
7. The heating system should be capable of maintaining a room temperature at 25-degree C.
8. A minimum 3/4 in. water service is needed.
9. Connection to a septic system or sanitary sewer should be provided.
10.Electric service capacity for equipment, lights and future expansion should be calculated.
The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture like plant tissue culture is always challenging in order to make a profit. Entrepreneurship is generally combined with land, labor, natural resources and capital can produce profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace. The designing of PTC certain elements is essential for a successful operation. More than anything a solid knowledge about the subject and required technology are essential. The correct design of a laboratory will not only help maintain asepsis, but it will also achieve a high standard of work. Careful planning is an important first step when considering the size and location of a laboratory. It is recommended that visits be made to several other facilities to view their arrangement and operation. A small lab should be set up first until the proper techniques and markets are developed. A convenient location for a small lab is a room or part of the basement of a house, a garage, a remodeled office or a room in the headhouse. The minimum area required for media preparation, transfer and primary growth shelves is about 150 sq ft. Walls may have to be installed to separate different areas. Once the business picks up and demand increases then one can think of expanding the lab based on the demand. Larger labs are frequently built as free-standing buildings. Although more expensive to build, the added isolation form adjacent activities will keep the laboratory cleaner. Prefabricated buildings make convenient low-cost laboratories. They are readily available in many sizes in most parts of the country. Laboratory requirements and techniques are in length described in the earlier chapters Built-in-place frame buildings can also be used. Consideration should be given to the following:
1. Check with local authorities about zoning and building permits.
2. Locate the building away from sources of contamination such as a gravel driveway or parking lot, soil mixing area, shipping dock, pesticide storage, or dust and chemicals from fields.
3. A clear span building allows for a flexible arrangement of walls.
4. The floor should be concrete or capable of carrying 50 pounds per square foot.
5. Walls and ceiling should be insulated to at least R-15 and be covered inside with a water-resistant material.
6. Windows, if desired, may be placed wherever convenient in the media preparation and glassware washing rooms.
7. The heating system should be capable of maintaining a room temperature at 25-degree C.
8. A minimum 3/4 in. water service is needed.
9. Connection to a septic system or sanitary sewer should be provided.
10.Electric service capacity for equipment, lights and future expansion should be calculated.
Biotransformation by Dr. Jayarama Reddy, St. Joseph's College, Bengaluru-27Dr. Jayarama Reddy
The genus Agrobacterium has been divided into a number of species. However, this division has reflected, for the most part, disease symptomology and host range. Thus, A. radiobacter is an “avirulent” species, A. tumefaciens causes crown gall disease, A. rhizogenes causes hairy root disease, and A. rubi causes cane gall disease. More recently, a new species has been proposed, A. vitis, which causes galls on grape and a few other plant species. We now know that symptoms follow, for the most part, the type of tumorigenic plasmid contained within a particular strain. Curing a particular plasmid and replacing this plasmid with another type of tumorigenic plasmid can alter disease symptoms. For example, infection of plants with A. tumefaciens C58, containing the nopaline-type Ti plasmid pTiC58, results in the formation of crown gall teratomas. When this plasmid is cured, the strain becomes nonpathogenic. Introduction of Ri plasmids into the cured strain “converts” the bacterium into a rhizogenic strain. Regardless of the current confusion in species classification, for the purposes of plant genetic engineering, the most important aspect may be the host range of different Agrobacterium strains. As a genus, Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to a remarkably broad group of organisms including numerous dicot and monocot angiosperm species and gymnosperms. In addition, Agrobacterium can transform fungi, including yeasts, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes. Recently, Agrobacterium was reported to transfer DNA to human cells. The molecular and genetic basis for the host range of a given Agrobacterium strain remains unclear. Early work indicated that the Ti plasmid, rather than chromosomal genes, was the major genetic determinant of host range. Several virulence (vir) loci on the Ti plasmid, including virC and virF, were shown to determine the range of plant species that could be transformed to yield crown gall tumors. The virH (formerly called pinF) locus appeared to be involved in the ability of Agrobacterium to transform maize, as established by an assay in which symptoms of maize streak virus infection were determined following agroinoculation of maize plants. Other vir genes, including virG, contribute to the “hypervirulence” of particular strains.
Bioreactors by Dr. Jayarama Reddy St. Joseph's College, Bengaluru-27Dr. Jayarama Reddy
Many thousands of chemicals are produced only in plants. Only few % of the world’s plant have been scientifically named and only few compounds have been screened for the production of novel & useful compounds. Around 120 drugs are derived from plants. These compounds are chemically complex and non-proteins, they have separate metabolic pathway. Due to less knowledge on the metabolic pathway, we couldn’t enhance the metabolic products. In order to increase this production, bioprocess was introduced in plant cell cultures. Some of the plant products: - dyes, food colours, flavours, fragrances, insecticides and herbicides. In western world around 25% of pharmaceuticals are derived from extraction of plants. A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms.
Programming languages in bioinformatics by dr. jayarama reddyDr. Jayarama Reddy
A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms. Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers.
Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all connected to help their users work together.
A network enables users to share files and resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to each other.
Computer networks fall into two main types: client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks.
For More Information:Dr. Jayarama Reddy, Professor, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous)36, Langford Road, Bengaluru-27. India. Director, Centre for Molecular and Computational Biology.
Editor in Chief, International Journal of Biological Research -ISSN-2321-0524.
www.biovistas.org www.sjc.ac.in drjayaramreddy@sjc.ac.in
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jayarama_Reddy2
www.ArtPal.com/drjayaramreddy
YouTube Channel: Dr. Jayarama Reddy St. Joseph's College ID: UCVsumndiFmODvSrrL_TUClQ
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The Evolution of Science Education PraxiLabs’ Vision- Presentation (2).pdfmediapraxi
The rise of virtual labs has been a key tool in universities and schools, enhancing active learning and student engagement.
💥 Let’s dive into the future of science and shed light on PraxiLabs’ crucial role in transforming this field!
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Computer networking by Dr. Jayarama Reddy
1.
2. Bioinformatics almost completely depends on Computers and Internet.
Growth and development of Bioinformatics and Computer Science has
occurred simultaneously.
Internet has become an integral part of human life today.
Let us Understand How does Internet Work.
4. A network connects computers by means of cabling systems,
specialized software, and devices that manage data traffic.
5. •Networks are collections of computers,
software, and hardware that are all connected
to help their users work together.
•A network enables users to share files and
resources, such as printers, as well as send
messages electronically (e-mail) to each other.
•Computer networks fall into two main types:
client/server networks and peer-to-peer
networks.
8. List of top 30
Internet Service
Providers:
There were
358 internet
service
providers (ISPs)
offering
broadband and
narrow
band internet
services in
India.
Top 30 Internet Service Providers
(ISP) of the World.
India stands at No.3
9. List of top 10 broadband service providers in India
• DEN broadband
• Airtel
• BSNL
• Hathway
• Hayai
• Act Fibernet
• You broadband
• Spectranet
• AsiaNet
• Jetspot Fibre
10. A supercomputer is a
computer that
performs at or near
the currently highest
operational rate for
computers.
Supercomputers are
used for scientific and
engineering
applications that
must handle very
large databases or do
a great amount of
computation.
Ak e[F
N
11. US Department of Energy and IBM unveiled Summit,
America’s latest supercomputer at present.
12. Two supercomputers from India, Pratyush and Mihir, ranked
in at 67th and 120th spot on the world’s top list.
13. Mobile Phone Revolution or Revolution by Mobile Phones?
Mobile Phones are connected by S I M (Subscriber Identity Module)
14. Internet of Things provides a layer of digital intelligence that will improve on the “smartness” of everything man uses today.
15. On October 29th 1969, the first message was sent from computer to computer on
ARPANET. It was in 1971 when Ray Tomlinson invented and developed electronic mail,
as we know it today, by creating ARPANET's networked email system.
Electronic
Mails
24. The Network Information Center, also known
as InterNIC from 1993 until 1998, was the
organization primarily responsible for
Domain Name System domain name
allocations and X.500 directory services.
Thereafter, the responsibility was assumed
by the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN).
37. Networking Standards
• Standards play a significant role in the field of computer networks.
• Special-purpose development of communications hard- and software must
be avoided because of its high costs and the need to interconnect devices
from various vendors.
• Standards are designed in a highly formal, structured way to reduce
complexity most networks are organized as layers or levels.
• The purpose of each layer is to offer certain services to higher layers, which
these higher layers can use without knowing how they are implemented.
• Only the same layers of two computers communicate through a so called
protocol, which is a set of rules for communication at one layer.
51. Internet service provider.
An Internet service provider (ISP) also called Internet
access provider or IAP is a business or organization that
provides to consumers access to the Internet and
related services. ISPs can be started by just about any
individual or group with sufficient money and
expertise. In addition to Internet access via various
technologies such as dial-up and DSL, they may provide
a combination of services including Internet transit,
domain name registration and hosting and web hosting.
52. Intranet: A Secure Internet-like Network for
Organizations
With advancements in browser-based software
for the Internet, many private organizations have
implemented intranets. An intranet is a private
network utilizing Internet-type tools, but available
only within that organization. For large
organizations, an intranet provides easy access to
corporate information for designated employees.
53. Extranet: A Secure Means for Sharing
Information with Partners
While an intranet is used to disseminate confidential
information within a corporation, an extranet is
commonly used by companies to share data in a secure
fashion with their business partners. Internet-type
tools are used by content providers to update the
extranet. Encryption and user authentication means
are provided to protect the information, and to ensure
that designated people with the proper access
privileges are allowed to view it.
54. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method used
to transfer or convey information on the World Wide
Web. Its original purpose was to provide a way to
publish and retrieve HTML pages. HTTP is a
request/response protocol between clients and
servers. The originating client, such as a web browser,
spider, or other end-user tool, is referred to as the
user agent. The destination server, which stores or
creates resources such as HTML files and images, is
called the origin server.
55. World Wide Web (WWW) is the combination of four
basic ideas:
• Hypertext: a format of information which allows, in a computer environment,
one to move from one part of a document to another or from one document to
another through internal connections among these documents (called
"hyperlinks");
• Resource Identifiers: unique identifiers used to locate a particular resource
(computer file, document or other resource) on the network - this is commonly
known as a URL or URI, although the two have subtle technical differences;
• The Client-server model of computing: a system in which client software or a
client computer makes requests of server software or a server computer that
provides the client with resources or services, such as data or files; and
• Markup language: characters or codes embedded in text which indicates
structure, semantic meaning, or advice on presentation.
56. URL Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator."
A URL is the address of a specific Web site or file on the Internet. It cannot have spaces
or certain other characters and uses forward slashes to denote different directories.
Some examples of URLs are http://www.cnet.com/, http://web.mit.edu/, and
ftp://info.microsoft.com/. As you can see, not all URLs begin with "http". The first part
of a URL indicates what kind of resource it is addressing.
Here is a list of the different resource prefixes:
• http - a hypertext directory or document (such as a Web page)
• ftp - a directory of files or an actual file available to download
• gopher - a gopher document or menu
• telnet - a Unix-based computer system that you can log into
• news - a newsgroup
• WAIS - a database or document on a Wide Area Information Search database
• file - a file located on your hard drive or some other local drive
57. Domain names are used in URLs to identify
particular Web pages.
Look at the URL and in particular the domain name for clues to its origin.
Every domain name has a suffix that indicates what type of organization owns it.
.com indicates a commercial business, e.g. www.amazon.com
.edu indicates an educational institution, e.g.. www.bangaloreuniversity.edu
.ac also indicates educational institution e.g. www.sjc.ac.in
.gov indicates a governmental institution e.g. www.karnataka.gov
.org indicates an organization e.g. www.biovistas.org
.mil indicates military e.g. www.navy.mil United States Navy
58. Navigation through Web
The Web is vast and disorganized, and the overwhelming majority
of what is there is irrelevant to you. Further, the Web changes
constantly; new resources appear, old resources become outdated
or disappear and the paths and techniques used to access
resources change. The following approaches the most useful for
identifying biological resources on the web:
Search Engines: There are several websites from which you can
launch searches.
Google is the most commonly used search engine. One of the
newest searches services; still listed as Beta. Provides a much
shorter, more focused list of sites than most other services.
Entrez: It is a search engine to find bioinformatics web locations.
59. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A VPN is the easiest and most effective way for
people to protect their internet traffic and hide
their identities online. As you connect to a secure
VPN server, your internet traffic goes through
an encrypted tunnel that nobody can see into,
including hackers, governments, and your
internet service provider.
60.
61. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A virtual private network (VPN) gives you online
privacy and anonymity by creating a private network
from a public internet connection. VPNs mask your
internet protocol (IP) address so your online actions are
virtually untraceable. Currently, a handful of
governments either regulate or outright ban VPNs.
Those currently include Belarus, China, Iraq, North
Korea, Oman, Russia, and the U.A.E.
64. The dark net accounts 96% on the
Internet, also known as the "dark web,"
is a component of the greater "deep
web," a network of encrypted Internet
content that is not accessible via
traditional search engines like, Google.