The document introduces the basics of the Internet. It describes the history from its conception in the 1960s to its growth in the 1990s-2000s. It explains that an Internet user needs a computer, modem, Internet Service Provider (ISP) and browser to access the web. The browser allows users to enter URLs to access websites and search engines. In addition to the web, the Internet provides non-web services like newsgroups, file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet, and email.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET
Briefly describe the history of the Internet
Explain what is needed to get on the Internet
Describe generally what an Internet Service Provider
does
Describe the function of a browser
Describe how to search the Internet
List and describe the non- web services of the Internet

2. INTERNET????
 A global network connecting millions of
computers

3.  J.C.R, Licklider of MIT – first proposed a global
network of computers in 1962.
 Leonard Kleinrock of MIT & later UCLA developed
theory of packet switching (basic internet
connections)
 Ray Tomlinson – e-mail
HISTORY OF INTERNET

4.  The Internet exploded into the public
consciousness in the mid 1990s
 Approximately the Internet grew from 72
million in 2000 to 162 million in 2002
 E-commerce is growing rapidly.
 Tim Berners-Lee is arguably the pivotal figure
in the surging popularity of the Internet
THE INTERNET AS PHENOMENON

5. GETTING START
The Internet Service Provider and the Browser
 An internet user needs
• a computer
• a modem (dial-up, cable or DSL)
• a network connection
• the related software
• an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Browser
 An ISP provides the server computer and
software to connect to the Internet

6. The browser in action
 A browser is software used to explore the
Internet
 Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
 Others like Netscape, Opera and Mozilla are
available.

7. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 URL is the address window just below the
toolbar buttons will usually contain a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) which is the unique
address of a web page or file on the Internet
http://www.intel.com/pressroom/index.asp
Protocol Host computer
address (Domain)
path, directory, file name

8. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
 communicating by using links
– the clickable text or image that transport a user to the
desired web site
 Domain name
- the address of the site’s host computer.
- “com” called top-level domain and represents the
purpose of organization or entity.
 “com” – commercial
 “edu” – education
 “gov” – government
 “org” – organization
 “net” - networking center

9. Wireless Internet Access
 People using mobile handheld devices to access
the Internet
 Examples: text pagers, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), pocket computers and even web-enabled
cellular phones
 Many wireless access providers use the Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) to convert web pages
into a format that is more compatible with the
limited capabilities of handheld devices

11. Search Engine
 A search engine is software, usually located at its own web
site, that lets a user specify search terms; the search engine
then finds sites that fit those terms
 A browser usually offers links to one or more search engines,
or a user can simply link to the site of a favorite search engine
 Example :
a. Yahoo
b. Altavista
c. About
d. AllTheWeb
e. Google
f. Lycos

13. A selection of Internet Search Tools
Directories
About
Human experts, called guides compile
directories organized around specific topics
Yahoo!
Well-organized categories let the user switch
from browsing to searching in a certain area;
but finds only keywords, not any word on a site.
AlltheWeb
Fast; supports a large number of languages; can
limit result to specific domains.
AltaVista
Very fast; indexes every word on every page of
every site; searches Usenet too; excellent for
custom searches.
Google
Result raked by algorithm based on number of
links from other pages.
HotBot
Fast; unique search options let you restrict
searches; very comprehensive; excels at finding
current news
Lycos
Numerous search options, a comprehensive
directory, and good returns on simple searches.

14. NON-WEB SERVICES OF THE INTERNET
1. Newsgroups
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
3. Telnet
4. E-mail

15. 1. Newsgroups
 Usenet – an informal network of computers
 Allows posting and reading of messages
 Typically focuses on specific topics
 Requires a newsreader
 Some are moderated
 Messages sent to a moderator, who determines
whether the message is appropriate
 Prevents users from attacking other members and
prevents inappropriate material from being posted

16. 2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 A protocol for transferring files among
computers.
 FTP servers maintain collections of
downloadable files
Downloading can often be done anonymously,
without logging in
 Many FTP servers can be accessed through Web
browser

17. 3. Telnet
 A protocol that allows remote users to log onto a
host computer.
 Users use their own PCs
 Users log in over the Internet
 Users’ experience is the same as if they were
sitting at the host computer’s local terminal
 Remote user typically has to have a user ID and
password

18. 4. E-mail
 The most commonly used feature of the Internet
 Network provides mail server :
 Collects and stores messages in mailbox
 E-mail address consists of user name, followed by @
symbol, then domain name of mail server
 E-mail client software on your computer
 Allows you to manage your e-mail messages
 Features
 Address books
 The ability to attach files
 Filters
 Direct incoming e-mail to specific folders
 Block spam