Computer forensics involves identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence for legal matters, focusing on persistent and volatile data. It plays a critical role in addressing cyber crimes such as hacking, identity theft, and industrial espionage, ensuring the integrity of systems while aiding in criminal prosecution. The process encompasses acquisition, identification, evaluation, and presentation of evidence, utilizing various tools to enhance the accuracy of evidence retrieval.

1. COMPUTER
FORENSICS
A Need of Modern Crimes
-Daksh
Verma

2. INTRODUCTION

3. O Computer Forensics is the process of
identifying, preserving, analyzing and
presenting digital evidence in a manner
that is legally acceptable.
O Method used to investigate and analyze
data maintained on or retrieved from
electronic data storage media for the
purposes of presentation in a court of law,
civil or administrative proceeding.

4. Important Data
Persistent Data Volatile Data
O Data which is
preserved when the
computer is turned
off.
O Data stored on hard
drives, external
memory.
O Data which is lost
when the computer
is turned off.
O Data stored in
registers, cache
memory, RAM.
Another categorization of data is Ambient Data and Active Data

5. NEED
O To produce evidence in the court that can
lead to punishment of the actual.
O To ensure the integrity of the computer
system.
O To focus on the response to the hi-tech
offences, started to intertwine.

6. ADVANTAGES
O Catch the culprit or the criminal who is
involved in the crime related to the
computers.
O To Organizations:
 Recovering lost data
 Advice on how to safeguard data from theft

7. CYBER CRIMES

8. O Cyber crimes occur when information
technology is used to commit or conceal
an offence.
O “Digital Evidence is any probative
information stored or transmitted in digital
form that a party to a court case may use
at trial.”
O 2 Types:
 Persistent Data
 Volatile Data

9. Types of Cyber Crimes
O Hacking
O Theft
O Cyber Stalking
O Identity Theft
O Malicious Software
O Child soliciting and Abuse
O Email-Spoofing
O Copyright Violations

13. Characteristics of Digital
Evidence
O Admissible
Must be able to be used in court
O Authenticate
Evidence relates to incident in relevant way
O Complete
Exculpatory evidence for alternate suspects
O Reliable
No question about authenticity and veracity
O Believable
Clear, easy to understand & believable by
jury

14. Top Spots for Evidence
O Temporary Files
O File Slack
O Unallocated Space
O Internet History Files
O E-mails
O File Storage Dates
O Settings, Folder Structures, File Names
O Storage Devices

15. Popular Cases
O BTK Serial Killer
Evidence: File’s metadata on floppy disk
O U.S. Navy Football Star Rape Case
Evidence: IM keywords and HTML
coding
O Industrial Espionage Case
Evidence: Stolen engineering drawings

16. THE PROCESS

17. ACQUISITION
• Physically or remotely obtaining possession of
computer, network mappings, external storage devices.
IDENTIFICATION
• Identifying what data could be recovered
• Retrieving data using various tools
EVALUATION
• Evaluating how retrieved data can be used against the
suspect.
PRESENTATION
• Presentation of evidence in a form understandable by
non-technical persons.

18. Steps to Retrieve Evidence
1. Shut down the computer
2. Document the hardware configuration of the
system
3. Transport the computer system to a secure
location
4. Make bit stream backups of hard disks and
storage devices
5. Mathematically authenticated data on all
storage devices
6. Document the system date and time
7. Make a list of key search words

19. Steps to Retrieve Evidence
8. Evaluate the Windows swap file
9. Evaluate file slack
10. Evaluate unallocated space
11. Search files, file slack, unallocated space for
key words
12. Document file names, date and time
13. Identify file, storage and program anomalies
14. Document your findings

20. TOOLS USED

21. GETFREE
O Used to analyze Unallocated Space
O Unallocated space contains the deleted
files and the associated file slack
O Automatically calculates the size of and
captures the Unallocated space
O Captures the contents of Windows swap
file for analysis with other tools
O Dos-based for speed and ease-of-use

22. GETSLACK
O Used to analyze File Slack
O Network logons and passwords or
passwords used in file encryption can be
found in file slack.
O Calculates the size of and captures the
File Slack
O Dos-based for speed and ease-of-use

23. Forensic Graphics File
Extractor
O Automatically extract exact copies of
graphics file images
O Searches Windows Swap File and
Unallocated Space for patterns of BMP,
GIF and JPG file images
O Reconstructs partial or complete image
files in one highly accurate operation. The
accuracy of this process is dependent
upon the degree of fragmentation involved

24. APPLICATIONS
O Financial Fraud Detection
O Criminal Prosecution
O Civil Litigation
O Corporate Security Policy and Acceptable
Use Violations

25. CONCLUSION
O With increase in technology, cyber crimes
increasing.
O Computer forensics is a vital part of the
computer security process.
O As more knowledge is obtained about how
crimes are committed with the use of
computers, more forensic tools can be
fine tuned to gather evidence more
efficiently and combat the crime wave on
technology.