This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the process of preserving, identifying, extracting, documenting and interpreting computer data for legal evidence. The document then outlines the history of computer forensics, the steps involved which include acquisition, identification, evaluation and presentation, certifications available, requirements to work in the field, how evidence is collected, uses of computer forensics in criminal and civil cases, advantages like ability to search large amounts of data quickly, and disadvantages such as costs and ensuring no evidence tampering. It also lists some computer forensics labs and centers in India.

1. Group Members are as:-
1.Royson Pinto
COMPUTER
FORENSICS

2. CONTENTS
Definition of Computer Forensics
History of Computer Forensics
Steps Of Computer Forensics
Certifications for Computer Forensic
Computer Forensic Requirements
Collecting Evidence
Uses of Computer forensics
Advantages of Computer Forensics
Disadvantages of Computer Forensics
Computer forensics labs and centers in India
Conclusion
References

3. THE FIELD OF
COMPUTER FORENSICS
What is Computer Forensics?
 Computer forensics involves the preservation,
identification, extraction, documentation, and
interpretation of computer media for evidentiary
and root cause analysis
 Computer forensics is the process of identifying,
preserving, and analyzing data and technical items
for evidence that will be used in court

4. THE FIELD OF
COMPUTER FORENSICS
Used to obtain potential legal evidence
Evidence might be required for a wide range of computer
crimes and misuses
Multiple methods of computer forensics are:
 Discovering data on computer system
 Recovering deleted, encrypted, or damaged file information
 Monitoring live activity
 Detecting violations of corporate policy
Information collected assists in arrests, prosecution,
termination of employment, and preventing future illegal
activity

5. THE FIELD OF
COMPUTER FORENSICS
Example:-
Recovering thousands of deleted emails
Performing investigation post employment
termination
Recovering evidence post formatting hard
drive

6. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
1970s
 First crimes cases involving computers, mainly financial fraud
1980’s
 Financial investigators and courts realize that in some cases all the records and evidences were
only on computers.
 Norton Utilities, “Un-erase” tool created
 Association of Certified Fraud Examiners began to seek training in what became computer
forensics
 SEARCH High Tech Crimes training created
 Regular classes began to be taught to Federal agents in California and at FLETC in Georgia
 HTCIA formed in Southern California

7. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
1984
 FBI Magnetic Media Program created... this later becomes the
Computer Analysis and Response Team (CART)
1993
 First International Conference on Computer Evidence held
1995
 International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE)
formed

8. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
1997
 The G8 countries declared that "Law enforcement personnel
must be trained and equipped to address high-tech crimes" in
the Moscow
1998
 In March G8 appointed IICE to create international
principles for the procedures relating to digital evidence
1998
 INTERPOL Forensic Science Symposium

9. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
1999
 FBI CART case load exceeds 2000 cases,
 examining 17 terabytes of data
2000
 First FBI Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory
established
2003
 FBI CART case load exceeds 6500 cases,
 examining 782 terabytes of data

10. STEPS OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
 According to many professionals, Computer Forensics is a four (4) step process
Acquisition
 Physically or remotely obtaining possession of the computer, all network
mappings from the system, and external physical storage devices
Identification
 This step involves identifying what data could be recovered and
electronically retrieving it by running various Computer Forensic tools and
software
suites

11. STEPS OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
Evaluation
 Evaluating the information/data recovered to
determine if and how it could be used again the
suspect for employment termination or prosecution
in court
Presentation
 This step involves the presentation of evidence discovered in a manner
which is understood by lawyers, non-technically staff/management, and
suitable as evidence as determined by United States and internal laws

12. CERTIFICATION FOR COMPUTER
INVESTIGATIVE SPECIALISTS
CEECS (Certified Electronic Evidence Collection Specialist Certification)
Awarded to individuals who complete the CEECS regional
certification course
Also awarded to individuals in the Certified Forensic
Computer Examiner course that successfully pass the written
test

13. CERTIFICATION FOR
FORENSIC COMPUTER
EXAMINER
Internal Certification Training Program
 Must successfully complete two week training course offered
by IACIS and correspondence proficiency problems
External Certification Testing Process
 Not a training course
 Testing process
Active Law Enforcement
Individuals qualified for IACIS membership
Recertification
 Every three years must complete recertification process
Must be in good standing with IACIS
Complete proficiency test

14. A COMPUTER FORENSIC
SPECIALIST PROMISES TO:
 Do not delete, damage or alter any evidence
 Protect the computer and files against a virus
 Handle all evidence properly to prevent any future damage
 Keep a log of all work done and by whom
 Keep any Client-Attorney information that is gained confidential

15. COMPUTER FORENSIC
REQUIREMENTS
 Hardware
 Familiarity with all internal and external devices/components of
a computer
 Thorough understanding of hard drives and settings
 Understanding motherboards and the various chipsets used
 Power connections
 Memory
 BIOS
 Understanding how the BIOS works
 Familiarity with the various settings and limitations of the BIOS

16. COMPUTER FORENSIC
REQUIREMENTS
 Operation Systems
 Windows 3.1/95/98/ME/NT/2000/2003/XP
 DOS
 UNIX
 LINUX
 Software
 Familiarity with most popular software packages
such as MS Office
 Forensic Tools
 Familiarity with computer forensic techniques and the
software packages that could be used

17.  Make Exact copies of all hard drives
& disks using computer software
 Date and Time stamped on each
file; used for timeline
 Protect the Computer system
 Avoid deletion, damage,
viruses and corruption
 Discover files
 Normal Files
 Deleted Files
 Password Protected Files
 Hidden Files
 Encrypted Files
 Reveal all contents of hidden files
used by application and operating
system
 Access contents of password
protected files if legally able to do so
 Analyze data
 Print out analysis
 Computer System
 All Files and data
 Overall opinion
 Provide expert
consultation/testimony
COLLECTING EVIDENCE

18. USES OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
 Criminal Prosecutors
 Rely on evidence obtained from a computer to prosecute
suspects and use as evidence
 Civil Litigations
 Personal and business data discovered on a computer can be
used in fraud, divorce, harassment, or discrimination cases
 Insurance Companies
 Evidence discovered on computer can be
used to mollify costs (fraud, worker’s
compensation, arson, etc)

19. USES OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
 Private Corporations
 Obtained evidence from employee computers can
be used as evidence in harassment, fraud, and embezzlement
cases
 Law Enforcement Officials
 Rely on computer forensics to backup search warrants and
post-seizure handling
 Individual/Private Citizens
 Obtain the services of professional computer forensic
specialists to support claims of harassment, abuse, or
wrongful termination from employment

20. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
FORENSICS
Ability to search
through a massive
amount of data
Quickly
Thoroughly
In any language

21. DISADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER FORENSICS
 Digital evidence accepted
into court
 must prove that there is no
tampering
 all evidence must be fully
accounted for
 computer forensic specialists
must have complete knowledge
of legal requirements, evidence
handling and storage and
documentation procedures

22. DISADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER FORENSICS
 Costs
 producing electronic records & preserving them is
extremely costly ,
 Presents the potential for exposing privileged
documents
 Legal practitioners must have extensive computer
knowledge

23. COMPUTER FORENSICS LABS
AND CENTERS IN INDIA
1. cyber college, Dehradun
2. Secure India (A Group of Cyber Security Specialists), Muzaffarnagar, Uttar
Pradesh
3. E2Labs Research & Development Center, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
4. Agape Inc, Nagpur, Maharashtra
5. Appin Technology Lab, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
6. Shoeb Online, Mumbai, Maharashtra
7. ForensicsGuru.com, New Delhi
8. I.TECH COMPUTERS - DATA FORENSICS & DATA
RECOVERY, Mumbai
9. Indiaforensic Center of Studies , Pune
10. Focus Forensics Technology Private Limited,Delhi

24. CONCLUSION
With computers becoming more and more involved
in our everyday lives, both professionally and
socially, there is a need for computer forensics.
This field will enable crucial electronic evidence to
be found, whether it was lost, deleted, damaged, or
hidden, and used to prosecute individuals that
believe they have successfully beaten the system.

25. REFERENCES
http://www.allstateinvestigation.com/ComputerForen
sicServices.htm
Computer Forensics, Inc. http://www.forensics.com/
 http://www.computer-forensic.com/index.html
http://www.forensics-
research.com/index.php/computer-forensics/tools/