The document discusses various computer-aided medical instruments and technologies. It describes several existing computerized instruments such as X-ray machines, CT scanners, MRI machines, and ECG machines. It also discusses challenges with existing instruments and ongoing research into 3D graphical interfaces for computer-assisted surgery, computer-aided surgery using robotics, direct brain interfaces between humans, and medical apps for Android mobile devices. The document emphasizes how computers and medical technology can help improve diagnosis, aid surgery planning and procedures, and enhance information access for healthcare providers.

1. Computer Aided in
Diagnostics Medical
Instrument
By
KOUSHIK SARKAR
12/CA/622

2. Agenda
• Computer Aided Diagnosis
• Computerized Instrument
– List of Instrument.
– Challenges for existing Instrument.
• Ongoing Research Instrument
– 3D graphical user interface for computer-assisted surgery
– Computer-Aided Surgery
– Direct Brain interface between human
– Android Medical Apps in Mobile technology.

3. Computer Aided Diagnosis
• Aid of computers in the process of diagnosis
• Computer aided diagnosis has became one of the major
support systems assisting medical experts in diagnosis
through images.
• Computer aided diagnosis tools are used for measurement,
display and analysis of both the structural and functional
aspects of the body from images.

4. Computerized Instrument
• Today In Computer era lots of computerized
instruments, there are some basic
Instruments like-
• X-Ray Machine
• CT-Scan
• Radiology
• M R I
• Ultrasonography
• Electrocardiography (ECG)

5. Challenges for existing Instrument
Why we use computerized instruments:
However. in many cases the problem has a solution that
common sense can find in a short time. In such a case, the
brute-force method machines require could never compete
with humans. This is the key to the proper use of any
computation machine. When common sense does not supply a
quick solution, a machine can facilitate the exploration of the
possible reasons for a patient's illness. A machine can keep
track of more findings, possible conclusions, and disease
and test parameters than most clinicians. If common sense
could be partnered with machines, the result is better than
either can provide alone. If together they can improve the
accuracy, speed and efficiency of diagnosis, the combination
of man and machine in medicine provides value.

6. 3D graphical user interface for
computer-assisted surgery
The introduction of 3D
imaging in medical applications has
opened new possibilities for surgery
planning and assistance. The
surgeons can now investigate image
data in virtual reality (VR) prior to
surgery in order to decide what will
be the best surgical procedure.
During surgery, valuable information
can be provided to help the surgeon
perform as planned. Additionally, if a
live data provider such as an open
MRI scanner is available, the medical
personnel can monitor the patient
closely and make sure adequate
actions are taken as surgery
progresses.
Reference link: http://campar.in.tum.de/Chair/ProjectMedUI
(Technische Universitat Munchen (TUM) )

7. Computer-Aided Surgery
• Computer-Aided Surgery and
robotically-assisted surgery are terms for
technological developments that use
robotic systems to aid in surgical
procedures. Robotically-assisted surgery
was developed to overcome the
limitations of minimally-invasive surgery
and to enhance the capabilities of
surgeons performing open surgery.
• Reference Link-http://
campar.in.tum.de/view/Chai
r/ResearchIssueCompAidedSurgery
#Research_Projects_in_Computer_
Ai (Technische Universitat Munchen (TUM) )

8. Why robotics, imaging and
modeling & simulation
• Healthcare is the only industry without a
computer representation of its “product”
•A robot is not a machine . . .
it is an information system with arms . . .
• A CT scanner is not an imaging system
it is an information system with eyes . . .
thus
• An operating room is an information system with . . .

9. Total Integration of Surgical Care
Minimally Invasive
& Open Surgery
Pre-operative planning
Surgical Rehearsal
Intra-operative navigation
Remote Surgery
Simulation & Training
Pre-operative Warmup

10. Direct Brain interface between human
• University of Washington researchers have successfully replicated a direct brain-to-brain connection
between pairs of people as part of a scientific study following the team’s initial demonstration a year ago.
In the newly published study, which involved six people, researchers were able to transmit the signals
from one person’s brain over the Internet and use these signals to control the hand motions of another
person within a split second of sending that signal.
•
• Reference link- http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/08/27/researcher-controls-colleagues-motions-in-
1st-human-brain-to-brain-interface/ (University of Washington)

11. Android Medical Apps
• Some list of apps:
– Radiology 2.0
• Download link- https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/radiology-2.0-one-night-in/
id397926581?mt=8
– Diagnose
• Download Link-https://
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.DiagnoseSoftware.diagnose
– Neuromind
• Download Link-https://
itunes.apple.com/us/app/neuromind/id353386909?mt=8

12. Android Medical Apps
• Need for Mobile Devices at the Point of Care
– One major motivation driving the widespread
adoption of mobile devices by Health Care Provider’s
has been the need for better communication and
information resources at the point of care. Ideally,
Health Care Provider’s require access to many types of
resources in a clinical setting, including:
• Communication capabilities—voice calling, video
conferencing, text, and e-mail
• Hospital information systems (HISs)—electronic health
records (EHRs), electronic medical records (EMRs), clinical
decision support systems (CDSSs), picture archiving and
communication systems (PACSs), and laboratory
information systems (LISs)
• Informational resources—textbooks, guidelines, medical
literature, drug references
• Clinical software applications—disease diagnosis aids,
medical calculators

13. Android Medical Apps
Communication System:
It’s a most important
advantage is Physicians
can now explore disease
pathology and review
medical literature
anywhere and anytime.