Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Design & Simulation Of 3-Phase, 15-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJERA Editor
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, thecomplexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The Proposed 15-level inverter is modelled and simulated in Matlab 2012a using Simulink and Sim Power Systems set tool boxes
Analysis of 7-Level Cascaded & MLDCLI with Sinusoidal PWM & Modified Referenc...IJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverter offers several advantages compare to the conventional three phase bridge inverter in terms of lower dv/dt stresses, lower electromagnetic compatibility and better THD features. The primary use of DC to AC conversion & speed control of machines also voltage controller and reduce the harmonics in the levels of inverter by using cascade multilevel inverter. This paper presents a comparison of cascaded and multilevel dc link inverter (MLDCLI) Using only a DC power source and capacitors. A MLDCLI can be constructed by the series connection half and full bridge cells each having its own DC source .A multilevel voltage source inverter can be formed by connecting an MLDCL with a single bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a DC voltage with the shape of a staircase with or without pulse width modulation (PWM) to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an AC voltage. compared with the cascaded multilevel inverter, The MLDCLI can significantly reduce the switch count as the number of voltage levels increases beyond five for a given number of voltage levels , m , the required number of active switches is 2(m -1) for the existing multilevel inverter but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters.
This paper presents the performance of a seven level cascaded multilevel inverter &MLDCLI Based on a sinusoidalPWM and modified Reference PWM control techniques. Performance analysis is made based on the results of simulation study conducted on the operation of the cascaded & MLDCLI using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance parameters chosen in the work include the waveform pattern harmonic spectrum, fundamental value & total harmonic distortion (THD) of the three phase cascaded H-Bridge MLI & MLDCLI.
Diode Free T-Type Five Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Low Voltage D...IJTET Journal
Abstract—The multilevel inverter is used as a solution to increase the inverter operating voltage above the voltage limits of classical semiconductors. A Diode Free T-Type Five Level NPC inverter for Low Voltage DC System is proposed in this paper. The T-Type inverter topology is more efficient and conventional than I-type inverter topology. Considerable suppression of the harmonic current is the ultimate goal of multilevel inverter. Losses like Semiconductor loss, conduction loss are mainly due to IGBT & diode in the current path. So the proposed system is designed with cool MOSFET without diode. The middle bidirectional switch is replaced by two pair of MOSFET. Hence the five level NPC inverter is more significant for low and medium power range DC source and for Renewable energy system.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
Multilevel inverters have recently found its way in to the high power applications in both domestic and industrial fields with its ability of low switching frequency. Out of all the topologies of a multilevel inverter, the cascaded H-bridge inverter is most commonly used due to its modular topology. This paper presents a five level cascaded multilevel inverter whose dc voltage source is charged by a solar panel. The switching is done by PIC microcontroller. The programming of the microcontroller is done using MPLAB programmer. Topology is designed with minimum size, weight & reduced power losses. The simulation work is done using MATLAB and experimental results have been presented to validate the theory.
This paper deals with the design of cascaded 11 level H- bridge inverter. It includes a comparison between the 11 level H-bridge and T-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded inverter of higher level is a very effective and practical solution for reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD).These cascaded multilevel inverter can be used for higher voltage applications with more stability. As the level is increased the output waveform becomes more sinusoidal in nature. The inverter is designed using multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for generating triggering pulses for the semiconductor switches used in the device. Through this paper it will be proved that a cascaded multilevel H-bridge topology has higher efficiency than a T-bridge inverter, as whichever source input voltage is provided since input is equal to the output voltage. In T-bridge inverter, the output obtained is half of the applied input, so efficiency is just half as compared to H-bridge. The output waveform is distorted and has higher THD. The simulation is performed using MATLAB /Simulink 2013 software.
MLI Power Topologies and Voltage Eminence: An Exploratory Reviewijeei-iaes
Due to their performances and inherent edges, particularly in medium-voltage and dynamic applications, multilevel inverters have received associate degree increasing attention in universe industrial applications. This paper deals with a review of the most structure electrical converter topologies additionally their commonest derived and hybrid structures quoted in previous analysis works. It additionally encompasses associate degree investigation on voltage harmonic elimination and THD estimation. For that reason, the paper summarizes the foremost relevant modulation techniques used to date to boost the output voltage quality. Theoretical formulas elicited within the literature, for calculating the output voltage THD higher and lower bounds area unit reportable and verified by adequate simulations.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Design & Simulation Of 3-Phase, 15-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJERA Editor
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, thecomplexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The Proposed 15-level inverter is modelled and simulated in Matlab 2012a using Simulink and Sim Power Systems set tool boxes
Analysis of 7-Level Cascaded & MLDCLI with Sinusoidal PWM & Modified Referenc...IJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverter offers several advantages compare to the conventional three phase bridge inverter in terms of lower dv/dt stresses, lower electromagnetic compatibility and better THD features. The primary use of DC to AC conversion & speed control of machines also voltage controller and reduce the harmonics in the levels of inverter by using cascade multilevel inverter. This paper presents a comparison of cascaded and multilevel dc link inverter (MLDCLI) Using only a DC power source and capacitors. A MLDCLI can be constructed by the series connection half and full bridge cells each having its own DC source .A multilevel voltage source inverter can be formed by connecting an MLDCL with a single bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a DC voltage with the shape of a staircase with or without pulse width modulation (PWM) to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an AC voltage. compared with the cascaded multilevel inverter, The MLDCLI can significantly reduce the switch count as the number of voltage levels increases beyond five for a given number of voltage levels , m , the required number of active switches is 2(m -1) for the existing multilevel inverter but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters.
This paper presents the performance of a seven level cascaded multilevel inverter &MLDCLI Based on a sinusoidalPWM and modified Reference PWM control techniques. Performance analysis is made based on the results of simulation study conducted on the operation of the cascaded & MLDCLI using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance parameters chosen in the work include the waveform pattern harmonic spectrum, fundamental value & total harmonic distortion (THD) of the three phase cascaded H-Bridge MLI & MLDCLI.
Diode Free T-Type Five Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Low Voltage D...IJTET Journal
Abstract—The multilevel inverter is used as a solution to increase the inverter operating voltage above the voltage limits of classical semiconductors. A Diode Free T-Type Five Level NPC inverter for Low Voltage DC System is proposed in this paper. The T-Type inverter topology is more efficient and conventional than I-type inverter topology. Considerable suppression of the harmonic current is the ultimate goal of multilevel inverter. Losses like Semiconductor loss, conduction loss are mainly due to IGBT & diode in the current path. So the proposed system is designed with cool MOSFET without diode. The middle bidirectional switch is replaced by two pair of MOSFET. Hence the five level NPC inverter is more significant for low and medium power range DC source and for Renewable energy system.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
Multilevel inverters have recently found its way in to the high power applications in both domestic and industrial fields with its ability of low switching frequency. Out of all the topologies of a multilevel inverter, the cascaded H-bridge inverter is most commonly used due to its modular topology. This paper presents a five level cascaded multilevel inverter whose dc voltage source is charged by a solar panel. The switching is done by PIC microcontroller. The programming of the microcontroller is done using MPLAB programmer. Topology is designed with minimum size, weight & reduced power losses. The simulation work is done using MATLAB and experimental results have been presented to validate the theory.
This paper deals with the design of cascaded 11 level H- bridge inverter. It includes a comparison between the 11 level H-bridge and T-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded inverter of higher level is a very effective and practical solution for reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD).These cascaded multilevel inverter can be used for higher voltage applications with more stability. As the level is increased the output waveform becomes more sinusoidal in nature. The inverter is designed using multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for generating triggering pulses for the semiconductor switches used in the device. Through this paper it will be proved that a cascaded multilevel H-bridge topology has higher efficiency than a T-bridge inverter, as whichever source input voltage is provided since input is equal to the output voltage. In T-bridge inverter, the output obtained is half of the applied input, so efficiency is just half as compared to H-bridge. The output waveform is distorted and has higher THD. The simulation is performed using MATLAB /Simulink 2013 software.
MLI Power Topologies and Voltage Eminence: An Exploratory Reviewijeei-iaes
Due to their performances and inherent edges, particularly in medium-voltage and dynamic applications, multilevel inverters have received associate degree increasing attention in universe industrial applications. This paper deals with a review of the most structure electrical converter topologies additionally their commonest derived and hybrid structures quoted in previous analysis works. It additionally encompasses associate degree investigation on voltage harmonic elimination and THD estimation. For that reason, the paper summarizes the foremost relevant modulation techniques used to date to boost the output voltage quality. Theoretical formulas elicited within the literature, for calculating the output voltage THD higher and lower bounds area unit reportable and verified by adequate simulations.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
New Approaches for Harmonic Reduction Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Level Modulesijiert bestjournal
This paper analyzes and compares two approaches for dc to ac power conversion i.e. inverter . First method uses cascaded H - Bridge Inverter and second uses new Multi - level Scheme having Level Modules and H - Bridge. The simulation is done in MATLAB Software. Also the hardware can be done by taking the AC supply from the mains and converts it into DC suppl y by using rectifier. MOSFET can be used for switching purpose. The Total Harmon ic Distortion in output load voltage,produced by both the approaches is compared. It is shown that THD produced in second scheme is better up to a certain stages of the first scheme. The Total Harmonic Distortion produced in output load voltage when casca ded H - Bridge is used is 12.64% while t he Total Harmonic Distortion produced in output load voltage when Level Modules and H - Bridge are used is 7.94%.
Power conditioning circuits are required for the fuel cell systems due to its nature in energetic state. This paper proposed the small signal average modelling of a duel active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter with LC filter, to generate the single phase AC power by using the H1000 fuel cell system. The controller is designed for the stable operation of the system. Implemented the controller, which gives the constant output voltage to DC-bus from the DAB DC-DC converter, this DC-bus voltage fed to the inverter, which inverts the DC-bus voltage to single Phase AC power with the LC-filter. The proposed system simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink.
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
With the purpose of rein in the high voltage of flexible power systems, renovation and
amendment of multi-level structures aimed at acquisition of high quality voltage is certainly required. In this
regard, robust topology must be occupied that encompass the maximum output voltage levels along with
minimum of switch number, of course, with taking into account of Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV). In this
paper, a neoteric high-performance multilevel cascaded inverter is suggested up to the problem of
repetitive output levels to be unraveled and also number of output voltage levels to be maximized. It has
been constructed by series-connected multilevel inverters blocks and three-level inverter. The simulation
results along with experimental results extracted by manufactured prototype have transparently approved
high efficiency of proposed inverter as well as its feasibility. Apart from above, new mathematical approach
has been presented to calculate and define the DC voltage sources magnitudes in asymmetric converter.
Performance analysis of PV powered multilevel inverterIJECEIAES
This article deals with the PV based DC/DC boost chopper integrated nine level inverter. This topology requires 7 switches in minimum to obtain a nine level stepped wave output. So the main objective of this paper is to develop a 9 level AC output using PV based DC/DC boost chopper. In the case of conventional multi-level inverter, 16 switches were utilized and the number of sources needed was also more. Here the proposed system comprises of single PV panel and the switches used are also less. Also PV is integrated with DC/DC boost chopper is used to increase the source input level of the inverter. Using MATLAB platform, the proposed system is simulated with a resistive and inductive load. The similar results are obtained in prototype which validates the designed converter.
Investigation Study of Three-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel InverterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper analyzed three-level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMLI) utilizing two modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The performance and the output of CHMLI in terms of Total Harmonic Distotion (THD) % and circuits complexity were compared. The simulations models were constructed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results showed the CHMLI produced the lowest THD contents and utilized fewer components. Moreover, the SVPWM produced less THD than SPWM.
The paper describes the single stage AC-AC converter. This converter is a good alternative to quasi direct back to back converter. This single stage converter is called Matrix Converter. Matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects three phase source to the three phase load. This converter provides bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input and output waveforms and they have no dc link storage elements. Simulation model and results presented showing Venturini control method of matrix converter.
Multilevel Inverter (MLI) has attracted a great attention by different researchers and industries due to its capability in handling high power application and minimizing the harmonics contents in the output. This study propose three different topologies of MLI (5-level) which are Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMLI) ,Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter and Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (FCMLI) .These three topologies have been modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and compared in terms of THD and number of components used. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation is utilized to control both of the topologies with same DC source. The results showed that ,CHMLI is superior compared to DCMLI and FCMLI in which the CHMLI produce 26.29% THD while DCMLI and FCMLI produce 29.14% and 33.53% respectively .Moreover less components and switching losses is obtained when using the CHMLI.
An Isolated 3 Phase Multilevel Inverter for PV Cell ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
This study presents a novel topology for multilevel inverters so called cascaded transformer inverter
(CTRSI). This topology consists of one DC source and several single-phase transformers. Each single-phase
transformers generates three levels with four semiconductor switches and only two switches for all
transformers alter the direction of single DC source. Whereas each single-phase transformers in conventional
cascaded transformer multilevel inverter includes more switches. Hence, CTRSI has the advantage of a
reduced number of components compared with conventional cascaded transformer multilevel inverter.
Simulation results carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show that the proposed inverter topology
is able to reach high-quality output voltages. THD of output voltage is verified using FFT analysis tool
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter TopologyIAES-IJPEDS
The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.
Design of 6 bit flash analog to digital converter using variable switching vo...VLSICS Design
This paper presents the design of 6-bit flash analog to digital Converter (ADC) using the new variable
switching voltage (VSV) comparator. In general, Flash ADCs attain the highest conversion speed at the
cost of high power consumption. By using the new VSV comparator, the designed 6-bit Flash ADC exhibits
significant improvement in terms of power and speed of previously reported Flash ADCs. The simulation
result shows that the converter consumes peak power 2.1 mW from a 1.2 V supply and achieves the speed of
1 GHz in a 65nm standard CMOS process. The measurement of maximum differential and integral
nonlinearities (DNL and INL) of the Flash ADC are 0.3 LSB and 0.6 LSB respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Five Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Harmonic Reduced in PWM Switch...ijsrd.com
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as a inverter. This paper describes a harmonics reduced in a hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter circuit with pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These scheme pulse width modulations in modified method are uses reduce switching device. These methods are a conventional inverter and hybrid inverter combine form. This topology used the combined form of a new five level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation methods are used in this topology five level output voltage wave forms is shown in FFT window MATLABE/SIMULINK is used to simulate the inverter circuit operation and control signals.
Design & Simulation of 3-Phase, 27-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance
is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower
electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a
reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer
components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals
and gate drives. Therefore, the complexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The
Proposed 27-level inverter is modeled and simulated in Matlab 2012b using Simulink and Sim Power
Systems set tool boxes
Multilevel inverters have become more popular over the years in electric high power application
with the promise of less disturbances and the possibility to function at lower switching frequencies than
ordinary two-level inverters. This paper presents information about several multilevel inverter topologies,
such as the Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter and the Cascaded Multi cell Inverter. These multilevel
inverters will also be compared with two-level inverters in simulations to investigate the advantages of
using multilevel inverters. Modulation strategies, component comparison and solutions to the multilevel
voltage source balancing problem will also be presented in this work.
Keywords — multilevel, Neutral-clamped, PWM.
New Approaches for Harmonic Reduction Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Level Modulesijiert bestjournal
This paper analyzes and compares two approaches for dc to ac power conversion i.e. inverter . First method uses cascaded H - Bridge Inverter and second uses new Multi - level Scheme having Level Modules and H - Bridge. The simulation is done in MATLAB Software. Also the hardware can be done by taking the AC supply from the mains and converts it into DC suppl y by using rectifier. MOSFET can be used for switching purpose. The Total Harmon ic Distortion in output load voltage,produced by both the approaches is compared. It is shown that THD produced in second scheme is better up to a certain stages of the first scheme. The Total Harmonic Distortion produced in output load voltage when casca ded H - Bridge is used is 12.64% while t he Total Harmonic Distortion produced in output load voltage when Level Modules and H - Bridge are used is 7.94%.
Power conditioning circuits are required for the fuel cell systems due to its nature in energetic state. This paper proposed the small signal average modelling of a duel active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter with LC filter, to generate the single phase AC power by using the H1000 fuel cell system. The controller is designed for the stable operation of the system. Implemented the controller, which gives the constant output voltage to DC-bus from the DAB DC-DC converter, this DC-bus voltage fed to the inverter, which inverts the DC-bus voltage to single Phase AC power with the LC-filter. The proposed system simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink.
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
With the purpose of rein in the high voltage of flexible power systems, renovation and
amendment of multi-level structures aimed at acquisition of high quality voltage is certainly required. In this
regard, robust topology must be occupied that encompass the maximum output voltage levels along with
minimum of switch number, of course, with taking into account of Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV). In this
paper, a neoteric high-performance multilevel cascaded inverter is suggested up to the problem of
repetitive output levels to be unraveled and also number of output voltage levels to be maximized. It has
been constructed by series-connected multilevel inverters blocks and three-level inverter. The simulation
results along with experimental results extracted by manufactured prototype have transparently approved
high efficiency of proposed inverter as well as its feasibility. Apart from above, new mathematical approach
has been presented to calculate and define the DC voltage sources magnitudes in asymmetric converter.
Performance analysis of PV powered multilevel inverterIJECEIAES
This article deals with the PV based DC/DC boost chopper integrated nine level inverter. This topology requires 7 switches in minimum to obtain a nine level stepped wave output. So the main objective of this paper is to develop a 9 level AC output using PV based DC/DC boost chopper. In the case of conventional multi-level inverter, 16 switches were utilized and the number of sources needed was also more. Here the proposed system comprises of single PV panel and the switches used are also less. Also PV is integrated with DC/DC boost chopper is used to increase the source input level of the inverter. Using MATLAB platform, the proposed system is simulated with a resistive and inductive load. The similar results are obtained in prototype which validates the designed converter.
Investigation Study of Three-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel InverterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper analyzed three-level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMLI) utilizing two modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The performance and the output of CHMLI in terms of Total Harmonic Distotion (THD) % and circuits complexity were compared. The simulations models were constructed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results showed the CHMLI produced the lowest THD contents and utilized fewer components. Moreover, the SVPWM produced less THD than SPWM.
The paper describes the single stage AC-AC converter. This converter is a good alternative to quasi direct back to back converter. This single stage converter is called Matrix Converter. Matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects three phase source to the three phase load. This converter provides bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input and output waveforms and they have no dc link storage elements. Simulation model and results presented showing Venturini control method of matrix converter.
Multilevel Inverter (MLI) has attracted a great attention by different researchers and industries due to its capability in handling high power application and minimizing the harmonics contents in the output. This study propose three different topologies of MLI (5-level) which are Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMLI) ,Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter and Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (FCMLI) .These three topologies have been modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and compared in terms of THD and number of components used. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation is utilized to control both of the topologies with same DC source. The results showed that ,CHMLI is superior compared to DCMLI and FCMLI in which the CHMLI produce 26.29% THD while DCMLI and FCMLI produce 29.14% and 33.53% respectively .Moreover less components and switching losses is obtained when using the CHMLI.
An Isolated 3 Phase Multilevel Inverter for PV Cell ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
This study presents a novel topology for multilevel inverters so called cascaded transformer inverter
(CTRSI). This topology consists of one DC source and several single-phase transformers. Each single-phase
transformers generates three levels with four semiconductor switches and only two switches for all
transformers alter the direction of single DC source. Whereas each single-phase transformers in conventional
cascaded transformer multilevel inverter includes more switches. Hence, CTRSI has the advantage of a
reduced number of components compared with conventional cascaded transformer multilevel inverter.
Simulation results carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show that the proposed inverter topology
is able to reach high-quality output voltages. THD of output voltage is verified using FFT analysis tool
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter TopologyIAES-IJPEDS
The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.
Design of 6 bit flash analog to digital converter using variable switching vo...VLSICS Design
This paper presents the design of 6-bit flash analog to digital Converter (ADC) using the new variable
switching voltage (VSV) comparator. In general, Flash ADCs attain the highest conversion speed at the
cost of high power consumption. By using the new VSV comparator, the designed 6-bit Flash ADC exhibits
significant improvement in terms of power and speed of previously reported Flash ADCs. The simulation
result shows that the converter consumes peak power 2.1 mW from a 1.2 V supply and achieves the speed of
1 GHz in a 65nm standard CMOS process. The measurement of maximum differential and integral
nonlinearities (DNL and INL) of the Flash ADC are 0.3 LSB and 0.6 LSB respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Five Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Harmonic Reduced in PWM Switch...ijsrd.com
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as a inverter. This paper describes a harmonics reduced in a hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter circuit with pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These scheme pulse width modulations in modified method are uses reduce switching device. These methods are a conventional inverter and hybrid inverter combine form. This topology used the combined form of a new five level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation methods are used in this topology five level output voltage wave forms is shown in FFT window MATLABE/SIMULINK is used to simulate the inverter circuit operation and control signals.
Design & Simulation of 3-Phase, 27-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance
is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower
electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a
reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer
components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals
and gate drives. Therefore, the complexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The
Proposed 27-level inverter is modeled and simulated in Matlab 2012b using Simulink and Sim Power
Systems set tool boxes
Multilevel inverters have become more popular over the years in electric high power application
with the promise of less disturbances and the possibility to function at lower switching frequencies than
ordinary two-level inverters. This paper presents information about several multilevel inverter topologies,
such as the Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter and the Cascaded Multi cell Inverter. These multilevel
inverters will also be compared with two-level inverters in simulations to investigate the advantages of
using multilevel inverters. Modulation strategies, component comparison and solutions to the multilevel
voltage source balancing problem will also be presented in this work.
Keywords — multilevel, Neutral-clamped, PWM.
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Use of multilevel inverters have been widely accepted as an effective solution for high power and high voltage applications. The performance of a multilevel inverter is superior to that of traditional inverters due to their advantages such as, reduced THD, less switching stress, lower EMI. Different types of topologies and modulation techniques for multilevel inverters have been discussed in the recent literature. In this paper three phase multilevel inverter based on Diode Clamped Multilevel DC Link (DC-MLDCL) and full bridge inverter has been proposed to reduce switch count and THD using multi reference based modulation techniques. The proposed multi reference modulation techniques are based on sinusoidal and third harmonic reference wave compared with U-type carrier wave. The performance parameters for the proposed DC-MLDCL inverter are analyzed in terms of THD, fundamental output line voltage and output line current for R and RL loads. The results are verified through MATLAB/simulation tool to verify the results of the proposed three phase seven level DC-MLDCL inverter .
Performance Evaluation of Nine Level Modified CHB Multilevel Inverter for Var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi level Inverters using different PWM Techniquesijtsrd
Multi level inverters MLI are used in places or industries that require very high voltage and huge current. Multi level inverter topologies have various advantages over single level converters. These advantages are like rise in output voltage, reduction in the total harmonic distortion THD , reduction in electro magnetic interference EMI generation etc. Key attribute of a multi level inverter is the reduction in the voltage stress on each power device. This reduction is due to the use of several levels available on the DC bus. The dawn of multi level inverter topologies have created requirement of various pulse width modulation techniques. In this paper authors have used PWM technique, by which the total harmonic distortion of the multi level inverter is decreased. In this we have also controlled the speed of the induction motor by supplying the power through a multi level inverter. Shilpa Sambhi | Ankit Mittal | Aviral Srivastava | Ayan Mondal | Nitin Varshney ""THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi-level Inverters using different PWM Techniques"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23984.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23984/thd-analysis-of-cascaded-multi-level-inverters-using-different-pwm-techniques/shilpa-sambhi
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulationIJECEIAES
This paper illustrates the simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Variable AC output voltage engendered using matrix converter with bidirectional power switches controlled by appropriate switching pulse. The conventional PWM converter engenders switching common mode voltage across the load system terminals, which cause to common mode current and its leads to bearing failure in load drive. These problems can be rectified using SVM and which minimize the effect on the harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power switch is reduced using bidirectional switch for proposed 3-phase matrix converter. The simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed system using matlab / simulink.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
A Novel Integrated AC-DC Five Level Converter Strategy for Power Factor Corre...IJMTST Journal
Multilevel configuration has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the configurations of the other converters. With the application of multilevel converter in the high voltage and large power occasions in recent years, its modulation strategy has become a research hot point in the field of power electronics. The proposed power-factor-correction circuit can achieve unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor. The proposed rectifier can also produce input currents that do not have dead band regions and an output current that is continuous for all load conditions. The features of this converter are that it has lower input section peak current stresses and a better harmonic content than similar converter with a non-interleaved output, the output current is continuous for all load ranges, and the dc bus voltage is less than 450 for all line and load conditions. In this paper, the operation of the new converter is explained, its steady-state characteristics are determined by analysis, and these characteristics are used to develop a procedure for the design of the converter. Hence the simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The proposed system provides a closed loop control for variable output voltage. The SSPFC AC/DC converter can operate with lower peak voltage stresses across the switches and the DC bus capacitors as it is a three-level converter. The proposed concept can be implemented with 5-level for efficient output voltage.
Multilevel inverters play a crucial part in the
areas of high and medium voltage applications. Among the three
main multilevel inverters used, the capacitor clamped multilevel
inverter(CCMLI) has advantage with respect to voltage
redundancies. This work proposes a switching pattern to improve
the performance of chosen H-bridge type CCMLI over
conventional CCMLI. The PWM technique used in this work is
Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM). The
performance of proposed H-bridge type CCMLI is verified
through MATLAB-Simulink based simulation. It has been
observed that the THD is low in chosen CCMLI compared to
conventional CCMLI.
Analysis of Multilevel Inverter using Bipolar and Unipolar Switching Schemes ...ijsrd.com
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (MLI) is most efficient topology for medium and high voltage DC-AC conversion, having less output harmonics and less commutation losses. Disadvantages are their complexity, more number of power devices, passive components and a complex control circuitry. Here a Cascaded Hybrid Multilevel Inverter is used to produce a three phase 9-level output voltages. Now a day inverter is also know as a DC-AC converter, is one of the most popular part of electrical device. This proposed inverter widely used in industries application such as speed control of induction motor. This thesis focus on three phase 9-level bipolar and unipolar switching inverter with characteristics like output voltage boosting ability and also we discus about the bipolar and unipolar switching scheme along with capacitor voltage control. The modified topology uses Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) with bidirectional and unidirectional switches producing boost up output voltage. Here a hybrid Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is applied to control the power devices. This modulation technique uses a sine wave and a repeating wave, these waves are combined and a complete reference wave is generated. There is comparative study between CHB and modified topology between number of power devices used and Total Harmonic Distortions (THD). THD of modified topology is reduced and analyzed by FFT window. The results are observed by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Analysis of a Single Stage Three Level Converter for a Wind Driven Self Excit...idescitation
In this project work, a three phase single stage three level Converter is
implemented for a wind energy conversion system. The proposed system is designed for a
three phase wind driven Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The SEIG output is
rectified with zero-dead band condition and the output of the converter is continuous. The
three level converter is designed and the performance characteristics are studied. The three
level converter is operated at a switching frequency of 50kHz to obtain a constant three level
output. The proposed model has been simulated in MATALAB Simulink. The hardware
prototype model is developed for a lower power rating and the results are compared.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed,
open access journal that address the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed,
open access journal that address the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed,
open access journal that address the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering
This work investigates and evaluates the electric energy interruptions to the residential sector resulting from severe power outages. The study results show that this sector will suffer tangible and intangible losses should these outages occur during specific times, seasons, and for prolonged durations. To reduce these power outages and hence mitigate their adverse consequences, the study proposes practical measures that
can be adopted without compromising the consumers’ needs, satisfaction, and convenience.
GRID SIDE CONVERTER CONTROL IN DFIG BASED WIND SYSTEM USING ENHANCED HYSTERES...ecij
The standard grid codes suggested, that the wind generators should stay in connected and reliable active and reactive power should be provided during uncertainties. This paper presents an independent control of Grid Side Converter (GSC) for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). A novel GSC controller has
been designed by incorporating a new Enhanced hysteresis comparator (EHC) that utilizes the hysteresis band to produce the suitable switching signal to the GSC to get enhanced controllability during grid unbalance. The EHC produces higher duty-ratio linearity and larger fundamental GSC currents with
lesser harmonics. Thus achieve fast transient response for GSC. All these features are confirmed through
time domain simulation on a 15 KW DFIG Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS).
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed,
open access journal that address the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
PREPARATION OF POROUS AND RECYCLABLE PVA-TIO2HYBRID HYDROGELecij
Nano TiO2, one of the most effective photocatalysts, has extensive usein fields such as air purification,
sweage treatment, water spitting, reduction of CO2, and solar cells. Nowadays, the most promising method to
recycle nano TiO2during the photocatalysis is to immobilize TiO2onto matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA). However, due to the slow water permeability of PVA after cross-linking, the pollutants could not
contact with nano TiO2photocatalyst in time. To overcome this problem, we dispersed calcium carbonate
particles into a PVA-TiO2 mixture and then filmed the glass. PVA-TiO2-CaCO3 films were obtained by
drying. Through thermal treatment, we obtained the cross-linked PVA-TiO2-CaCO3 films. Finally, the
calcium carbonate in the film was dissolved by hydrochloric acid, and the porous PVA-TiO2 composite
photocatalyst was obtained. The results show the addition of CaCO3 has no obvious effect on PVA
cross-linking and that a large number of cavities have been generated on the surface and inside of porous
PVA-TiO2 hybrid hydrogel film. The size of the holes is about 5-15μm, which is consistent with that of
CaCO3.The photocatalytic rate constant of porous PVA-TiO2 hybrid hydrogel film is 2.49 times higher than
that of nonporous PVA-TiO2 hybrid hydrogel film.
4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ELEC 2020)ecij
4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ELEC 2020)aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on recent systems and techniques in the broad field of Electrical Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Electrical Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
4th International Conference on Bioscience & Engineering (BIEN 2020) ecij
4th International Conference on Bioscience & Engineering (BIEN 2020) will provide an excellent International forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Bioscience and Engineering. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Bioscience and Engineering advancements and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Bioscience and Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)ecij
Scope & Topics
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ)
ISSN: 2201-5957
https://wireilla.com/engg/ecij/index.html
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers for this journal through E-mail: ecijjournal@wireilla.com .
Important Dates
•Submission Deadline: March 28, 2020
Contact US
Here's where you can reach us: ecijjournal@wireilla.com
GRID SIDE CONVERTER CONTROL IN DFIG BASED WIND SYSTEM USING ENHANCED HYSTERES...ecij
The standard grid codes suggested, that the wind generators should stay in connected and reliable active and reactive power should be provided during uncertainties. This paper presents an independent control of Grid Side Converter (GSC) for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). A novel GSC controller has been designed by incorporating a new Enhanced hysteresis comparator (EHC) that utilizes the hysteresis band to produce the suitable switching signal to the GSC to get enhanced controllability during grid unbalance. The EHC produces higher duty-ratio linearity and larger fundamental GSC currents with lesser harmonics. Thus achieve fast transient response for GSC. All these features are confirmed through time domain simulation on a 15 KW DFIG Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS).
UNION OF GRAVITATIONAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE BASIS OF NONTRADITIO...ecij
The traditional principle of solving the problem of combining the gravitational and electromagnetic fields is associated with the movement of the transformation of parameters from the electromagnetic to the gravitational field on the basis of Maxwell and Lorentz equations. The proposed non-traditional principle
is associated with the movement of the transformation of parameters from the gravitational to the electromagnetic field, which simplifies the process. Nave principle solving this task by using special physical quantities found by M. Planck in 1900: - Planck’s length, time and mass), the uniqueness of which is that they are obtained on the basis of 3 fundamental physical constants: the velocity c of light in vacuum, the Planck’s constant h and the gravitational constant G, which reduces them to the fundamentals of the Universe. Strict physical regularities were obtained for the based on intercommunication of 3-th
fundamental physical constants c, h and G, that allow to single out wave characteristic νG from G which is identified with the frequency of gravitational field. On this base other wave and substance parameters were strictly defined and their numerical values obtained. It was proved that gravitational field with the given wave parameters can be unified only with electromagnetic field having the same wave parameters that’s why it is possible only on Plank’s level of world creation. The solution of given problems is substantiated by well-known physical laws and conformities and not contradiction to modern knowledge about of material world and the Universe on the whole. It is actual for development of physics and other branches of science and technique.
USING MACHINE LEARNING TO BUILD A SEMI-INTELLIGENT BOT ecij
Nowadays, real-time systems and intelligent systems offer more and more control interface based on voice recognition or human language recognition. Robots and drones will soon be mainly controlled by voice. Other robots will integrate bots to interact with their users, this can be useful both in industry and entertainment. At first, researchers were digging on the side of "ontology reasoning". Given all the technical constraints brought by the treatment of ontologies, an interesting solution has emerged in last years: the construction of a model based on machine learning to connect a human language to a knowledge
base (based for example on RDF). We present in this paper our contribution to build a bot that could be used on real-time systems and drones/robots, using recent machine learning technologies.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION BASED MULTILEVEL IN...ecij
As the solar market is blooming and forecasted to continue this trend in the coming years. The efficiency and reliability of PV based system has always been a contention among researchers. Therefore, multilevel inverters are gaining more assiduity as it has multitude of benefits. It offers high power capability along with low output harmonics. The main disadvantage of MLI is its complexity and requirement of large
number of power devices and passive components. This paper presents a topology that achieves 37.5% reduction in number of passive components and power devices for five-level inverter. This topology is basically based on H-bridge with bi-directional auxiliary switch. This paper includes a stand-alone PV system in which designing and simulation of Boost converter connected with multilevel inverter for ac load is presented. Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm has been implemented to extract maximum power. The premier objective is to obtain Voltage with less harmonic distortion economically. Multicarrier Sinusoidal
PWM techniques have been implemented and analysed for modulation scheme. The Proposed system is simulated n MATLAB/Simulink platform.
Investigation of Interleaved Boost Converter with Voltage multiplier for PV w...ecij
This paper depicts the significance of Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) with diode-capacitor multiplierwith PV as the input source. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) was used to obtain maximum power from the PV system. In this, interleaving topology is used to reduce the input current ripple, output voltage ripple, power loss and to suppress the ripple in battery current in the case of Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). Moreover, voltage multiplier cells are added in the IBC configuration to reduce the narrow turn-off periods. Two MPPT techniques are compared in this paper: i) Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm ii) Fuzzy Logic . The two algorithms are simulated using MATLAB and the comparison of performance parameters like the ripple is done and the results are verified.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SWARM INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS FOR ROUTING PROBLEMSecij
Travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a most popular combinatorial routing problem, belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. Many approacheshave been proposed for TSP.Among them, swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms can effectively achieve optimal tours with the minimum lengths and attempt to avoid trapping in local minima points. The transcendence of each SI is depended on the nature of the problem. In our studies, there has been yet no any article, which had compared the performance of SI algorithms for TSP perfectly. In this paper,four common SI algorithms are used to solve TSP, in order to compare the performance of SI algorithms for the TSP problem. These algorithms include genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, and artificial bee colony. For each SI, the various parameters and operators were tested, and the best values were selected for it. Experiments oversome benchmarks fromTSPLIBshow that
artificial bee colony algorithm is the best one among the fourSI-basedmethods to solverouting problems like TSP.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTAIL TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
1. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
DOI : 10.14810/ecij.2015.4302 15
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF
MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTAIL
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
Priya Tyagi1
and Rakeshwri Agrawal2
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Trinity Institute of Technology & Research, Bhopal, India
2
Assistant Professor at department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Trinity Institute of Technology & Research, Bhopal, India
ABSTRACT
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
KEYWORDS
Multilevel converter, Neutral Point Clamped, Cascade H Bridge, PWM
1. INTRODUCTION
The concept of multilevel converters has been introduced since 1975. The term multilevel started
with the three-level converter which was the first basic upgrade from the conventional two level
converters. Subsequently, numerous multilevel converter topologies have been developed since
then. However, the elementary concept of a multilevel converter to achieve higher power uses
series of power semiconductor switches with the several lower voltage DC sources to perform
power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Renewable energy voltage
sources, Capacitors, batteries can be used as multiple DC voltage sources. The commutation of
the power switches aggregates these multiple DC sources in order to achieve high voltage at the
output. However, the rated voltage of the power semiconductor switches depends only upon the
rating of the DC voltage sources to which they are connected [1-5]. The numerous advantages of
multilevel converter over conventional two levels can be summarised as staircase waveform
quality generated by multilevel converter itself proves to be a new achievement in the field of
converters [2]. The multilevel converters are gradually being used in industrial applications in
2. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
16
grid connected system and many more. On the outstanding advantages there are some
disadvantages which like the number of power semiconductor switches increases as the levels are
added.
2. MULTILEVEL CONVERTER
Since multilevel converters can synthesize the output voltages by increasing levels they
overcome conventional two- and three-level inverters in terms of harmonic distortion. Single
phase multilevel converters are roughly into following categories based on design.
Although, a number of topologies are proposed in literature, few main techniques are
• Diode clamped (neutral point clamped).
• Flying capacitors (capacitor clamped).
• Cascaded H-bridge converter.
2.1. Diode clamped (neutral point clamped)
The neutral point clamped converter proposed in 1981 by Nabae, Takahashi, and Akagi was
essentially a three-level diode-clamped. Figure 1 shows Neutral point clamped three level circuit
for multilevel converter fed from the 100V DC supply.
Figure 1.Neutral point clamped three level circuit for multilevel converter
2.2. Flying capacitor topology
The flying capacitor topology as shown in Fig. 3.involves series connection of capacitor clamped
switching cells .Flying capacitor topology has few attractive and unique features comparably; one
is that added clamping diodes are not needed [5]. It also has switching redundancy within the
phase that can be used to balance the flying capacitors making use of only one dc source. This
topology concept of operation is that each flying capacitor is charged to one-half of the dc voltage
and can be connected in series with the phase to add or subtract this voltage [6-11]. In three-level
3. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
17
flying capacitor type of inverter the highest and lowest switching states, charge of the capacitors
do not change.
Figure 2.Three level flying capacitor topology
2.3. Cascaded H-bridges converter
A Cascade H-bridge converter is shown in Figure 3 consists of familiar H-bridge sometimes also
referred to as full-bridge cells in a cascade connection. Since each cell can provide three voltage
levels (zero, negative dc voltage, positive dc voltage), the cells are themselves multilevel
converter [11]. Cascade H-bridge cells supply negative and positive voltages contributing to line
to ground voltages.
Figure 3.Cascade H-bridge for three level converter
4. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
18
3. MODULATION FUNDAMENTALS
Pulse width modulation (PWM) methodologies used in the multilevel converter modulation can
be classified according to switching frequency. The three multilevel PWM methods most
discussed in the literature have been multilevel carrier-based PWM, selective harmonic
elimination, and multilevel space vector PWM; all are extensions of traditional two-level PWM
strategies to several levels. Other multilevel PWM methods have been used to a much lesser
extent by researchers [17].
Multilevel PWM methods uses high switching frequency carrier waves in comparison to the
reference waves to generate a sinusoidal output wave. To reduce harmonic distortions in the
output signal phase-shifting techniques are used. There are several methods that change
disposition of or shift multiple triangular carrier waves. The number of carrier waves used is
dependent to the number of switches to be controlled in the inverter. In addition to the sinusoidal
carrier wave modulation methods presented there are two alternative methods they are Position
Opposition Disposition (APOD) and Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) [18][19][20].+
--
In our study we will focus on the Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) technique in detail.
3.1. Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM)
In Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), the carrier signal above the zero axes is in phase with
each other having same frequency and same amplitude. Consecutively below the zero axis the
carrier wave have phase shifted 180 degree with the same frequency and same amplitude as the
above zero axis. The figure demonstrates the PODPWM. The three level multilevel converter
simulation sine wave and the triangular carrier shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4.POD of three level multi level converter
4. ADVANTAGES OF MULTILEVEL CONVERTER
Multilevel converters attractive features over a conventional two-level converter by use of high
switching frequency pulse width modulation (PWM).
5. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
19
• Staircase waveform quality
• Common-mode (CM) voltage
• Switching frequency
• Input current
Staircase waveform quality: Multilevel converters generate the output voltages with very low
distortion, and also can reduce the dv/dt stresses; therefore problems of electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) can also be reduced.
Common-mode (CM) voltage: Multilevel converters generate smaller CM voltage which results
in reduced stress in the bearings of a motor connected to a multilevel motor drive. Furthermore,
by using the advanced mode technology the CM voltage can be reduced.
Switching frequency: Multilevel converters can operate at both fundamental switching
frequency and high switching frequency Pulse width modulation (PWM). It should be noted that
lower switching frequency usually means lower switching loss and higher efficiency.
Input current: Multilevel converters can draw input current with low distortion comparatively
[5] [20-28].
Multilevel converters has few disadvantages like it require more devices which increases system
cost comparatively hence probability of a device failure increases [26] [29-31].
5. MATLAB/SIMULATION AND RESULTS
5.1 For Neutral point clamped multilevel converter simulation results
Simulation results are shown in this section, for Neutral point clamped multilevel converter are
displayed from Figure 5 to Figure 8. As shown in figure (1) in NPC topology the total voltage or
input voltage Vdc divides across the capacitor after that the operation of switches decides the
output voltage that is the three level converter voltage is divided in two parts across the two
capacitor C1 and C2 i.e. +
ௗ
ଶ
and –
ௗ
ଶ
. for simulation purpose the value of input voltage is equal
to 100V and the output-voltage waveform is shown in Figure 5 ,similarly the simulated response
for five level ,seven level and nine levels are displayed in Fig.6,7,and 8 respectively.
Figure 5.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of three level neutral point clamped multilevel
converter
6. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
20
Figure 6.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of five level neutral point clamped multilevel
converter
Figure 7.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of seven level neutral point clamped multilevel
converter
Figure 8.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of nine level neutral point clamped multilevel
converter
5.2. For Cascade H-bridge multilevel converter simulation results
In cascade H bridge topology levels are achieved with the help of separate voltage sources. For
example if considering three level inverter a voltage source say 100 V can produce three levels
such as +100, 0 and -100 as shown in Figure 9. Two sources are required for five levels by which
we can produce +200, +100, 0, -100 and -200.
7. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
21
Figure 9.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of three level cascade H-bridge multilevel
converter
Figure 10.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of five level cascade H-bridge multilevel
converter
Figure 11.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of seven level cascade H-bridge multilevel
converter
8. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
22
Figure 12.Waveform of output-voltage with respect to time of nine level cascade H-bridge multilevel
converter
6. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTILEVEL CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES
Table 1 gives the total harmonic distortion of NPC and CHB topology of multilevel converter for
three, five, seven and nine level. The percentage of total harmonic distortion reduces with
increase in number of levels in both topologies NPC and CHB. Also results show CHB topology
gives more efficient result as compared to NPC topology.
Table 1.Comparative analysis NPC and CHB topology of Multilevel converter in terms of THD
Figure 13.Graph showing percentage THD for three, five, seven and nine level converter
Levels of
Multilevel
converter
Total harmonics
distortion%
Cascade H
bridge
Neutral point
clamped
3 53.41 42.99
5 25.69 22.40
7 15.09 14.85
9 12.36 11.22
9. Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 3, September 2015
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7. CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents a comprehensive review of multilevel converters and their control strategies.
The increase in the voltage levels through NPC and Cascade H-bridge topology along, the
performance gets better dimensions in the sense it facilitates more or less a sinusoidal output
voltage. Increasing the number of levels by these topologies is easily possible to large extends
which will be a new direction in this domain. This is very beneficial for drive applications and
attractive for research and application Future research should be focused on developing optimal
control for such topologies. A multilevel approach for converters guarantees a reduction of output
harmonics due to sinusoidal output voltages thus grid filters are reduced, leading to system cost
and complexity reduction. The aim of this study was to analysis the multilevel converter for
different levels and to present their Total harmonics distortion (THD) behaviour.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank her parents for tremendous support and her husband for
encouragement also constant appreciation for brother and sister for their guidance.
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AUTHORS
Priya Tyagi received the B.E. degree from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal,
India, in 2007, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, and currently, pursuing M. Tech.
Degree in Power Electronics from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University. Her research
interest includes multilevel converters, Solar Photovoltaic grid connection, and
renewable energy sources.
Rakeshwri Agrawal received BE degree in Electrical and Electronics engineering(2007),
the ME degree in Power Electronics (2010) from RGPV, Bhopal . She is working as
Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Trinity
Institute of Technology and Research, Bhopal, India. Her research interests include
Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Multilevel Inverter and Renewable Energy Systems.