Power conditioning circuits are required for the fuel cell systems due to its nature in energetic state. This paper proposed the small signal average modelling of a duel active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter with LC filter, to generate the single phase AC power by using the H1000 fuel cell system. The controller is designed for the stable operation of the system. Implemented the controller, which gives the constant output voltage to DC-bus from the DAB DC-DC converter, this DC-bus voltage fed to the inverter, which inverts the DC-bus voltage to single Phase AC power with the LC-filter. The proposed system simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
This document summarizes a research paper on minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) in a three-phase, five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. It first describes the configuration and operation of a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. It then reviews the generalized formulation of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for multilevel inverters. The document presents a MATLAB/Simulink model of a three-phase, five-level inverter that compares sinusoidal pulse width modulation to SHE for harmonic reduction. Simulation results show that SHE reduces THD from 71.2% to 4.66% by eliminating specific lower-order harmonics through optimization of the switching angles.
A New Multilevel Inverter Structure For High-Power Applications using Multi-c...IJPEDS-IAES
This document presents a new multilevel inverter structure that can be used in high-power applications. The proposed topology uses a cascaded connection of basic units, each consisting of a full-bridge inverter. This reduces the number of required components compared to other multilevel inverter structures. Two methods are presented for determining the DC voltage source values: a symmetric method where all sources have the same value, and an asymmetric method where the values differ. A multi-carrier PWM strategy is used to generate the switching signals. Simulation results show the 25-level inverter generates output voltages and currents with total harmonic distortions of 5.57% and 0.083%, respectively.
This paper presented single DC bus single phase seven level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter for multi-panel photovoltaic grid-connected applications. A single DC bus supplying flyback converters to produce DC link voltages for CHB cells is suggested. A balanced operation of CHB inverter cells is obtained irrespective to power unbalance occurred by individual maximum power point tracking boost converter of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to the non-uniform irradiation and partial shading. A DC bus voltage control system with addition of estimated DC bus ripple voltage to the reference is proposed to eliminate the second order harmonic contained in the feedback voltage of DC bus enabling to design high bandwidth of DC voltage control loop. This produces fast dynamic response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and smaller DC bus capacitance. Mathematical modeling of bus voltage control system is presented. PSIM simulation program is used and the simulation results are obtained to validate the proposed control system.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
Design and Optimum Arrangement Of 3-phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter for Con...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using a cascade multilevel inverter to control an induction motor via direct torque control (DTC). It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their benefits for high power applications. It then describes the cascade H-bridge topology and symmetrical vs asymmetrical configurations. The document outlines DTC for controlling induction motors and discusses extending this technique to multilevel inverters. It presents the torque and flux estimation methods used in DTC as well as the voltage vector selection process. The research aims to optimize DTC for induction motors powered by a cascade multilevel inverter.
1) The document discusses a study of suitable bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies that are essential for battery charge regulation in photovoltaic applications.
2) It analyzes different bidirectional converter circuit options and determines that a particular 2-switch topology is best suited due to its simplicity, efficiency and ability to support both maximum power point tracking and battery charge control.
3) Simulation results of the proposed system using MATLAB/Simulink show the battery state of charge, current and voltage waveforms under charging and discharging conditions regulated by the bidirectional converter.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
This document summarizes a research paper on minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) in a three-phase, five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. It first describes the configuration and operation of a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. It then reviews the generalized formulation of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for multilevel inverters. The document presents a MATLAB/Simulink model of a three-phase, five-level inverter that compares sinusoidal pulse width modulation to SHE for harmonic reduction. Simulation results show that SHE reduces THD from 71.2% to 4.66% by eliminating specific lower-order harmonics through optimization of the switching angles.
A New Multilevel Inverter Structure For High-Power Applications using Multi-c...IJPEDS-IAES
This document presents a new multilevel inverter structure that can be used in high-power applications. The proposed topology uses a cascaded connection of basic units, each consisting of a full-bridge inverter. This reduces the number of required components compared to other multilevel inverter structures. Two methods are presented for determining the DC voltage source values: a symmetric method where all sources have the same value, and an asymmetric method where the values differ. A multi-carrier PWM strategy is used to generate the switching signals. Simulation results show the 25-level inverter generates output voltages and currents with total harmonic distortions of 5.57% and 0.083%, respectively.
This paper presented single DC bus single phase seven level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter for multi-panel photovoltaic grid-connected applications. A single DC bus supplying flyback converters to produce DC link voltages for CHB cells is suggested. A balanced operation of CHB inverter cells is obtained irrespective to power unbalance occurred by individual maximum power point tracking boost converter of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to the non-uniform irradiation and partial shading. A DC bus voltage control system with addition of estimated DC bus ripple voltage to the reference is proposed to eliminate the second order harmonic contained in the feedback voltage of DC bus enabling to design high bandwidth of DC voltage control loop. This produces fast dynamic response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and smaller DC bus capacitance. Mathematical modeling of bus voltage control system is presented. PSIM simulation program is used and the simulation results are obtained to validate the proposed control system.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
Design and Optimum Arrangement Of 3-phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter for Con...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using a cascade multilevel inverter to control an induction motor via direct torque control (DTC). It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their benefits for high power applications. It then describes the cascade H-bridge topology and symmetrical vs asymmetrical configurations. The document outlines DTC for controlling induction motors and discusses extending this technique to multilevel inverters. It presents the torque and flux estimation methods used in DTC as well as the voltage vector selection process. The research aims to optimize DTC for induction motors powered by a cascade multilevel inverter.
1) The document discusses a study of suitable bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies that are essential for battery charge regulation in photovoltaic applications.
2) It analyzes different bidirectional converter circuit options and determines that a particular 2-switch topology is best suited due to its simplicity, efficiency and ability to support both maximum power point tracking and battery charge control.
3) Simulation results of the proposed system using MATLAB/Simulink show the battery state of charge, current and voltage waveforms under charging and discharging conditions regulated by the bidirectional converter.
This document provides a list of 57 technical papers published between 2010-2013 related to electrical engineering topics like power electronics, renewable energy, and control systems. It includes the paper titles and their respective years of publication. Contact information is also provided to inquire about further details.
In this paper the multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) with multi value DC voltage source multilevel inverter is presented. These MLI’s are suitable in high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum. Seven level inverter is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The use of Photovoltaic Cell as a DC source for the multilevel Inverter is proposed here.
DESIGN OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLYBACK DC-DC CONVERTER WITH CURRENT CONTROLIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a set of design techniques to build a DC-DC converter for the interconnection of different sources of renewable energy with storage elements and flexible load profiles. This type of multifunctional DC-DC converter is essential to provide the dispatch of energy generation to storage connected to the DC bus or allow energy exchange with the AC network, with different decision modes as a function of the state of charge of batteries, with the forecast of the consumption of a house with renewable production. This work emphasizes the application of a method to design switched mode flyback converters with current control capabilities on the output side.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
1) The document presents a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that uses separate DC sources from solar panels for each level.
2) The inverter is simulated using MATLAB and produces a five-level stepped voltage waveform as the output.
3) The cascaded H-bridge topology has advantages of modular structure, low component count per level, and potential for soft switching. It can be used for applications such as UPS, battery charging, and electric vehicles.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Single Buck Boost Converter for Solar PV CellIJAPEJOURNAL
This paper deals with solar power production controlled by Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Single Input Buck-Boost (SIBB) converter. Since the solar energy is continuously varying, according to the irradiation the FLC generates control pulses to switch on the MOSFET device. To analyze the real time feasibility of this method, the system is simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink 2010a. A simulation model of the system is developed with solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell, FLC and SIBB in contradiction of the real world conditions. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a non-isolated three-port DC-DC converter with improved time response and steady-state output. The converter uses a single inductor and switched capacitors to achieve high voltage gain with minimal switches. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed for the closed-loop system to further improve the time domain response compared to a PI controller. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller reduces output ripple voltage and improves various time response specifications like rise time, peak time, and settling time. The converter is suitable as an interface between a photovoltaic source, battery backup, and load.
This project is proposed to integrate the Fuel cell emulator with a boost converter and load the DC motor
and the performance analysis is done. Fuel cell as a renewable energy source is considered to be one of the most
promising sources of electrical power. The characteristics of fuel cell is such that the DC power extracted from it is
at low voltage level, this project proposes a prototype of a new power electronics based fuel cell emulator. After
proposing a fuel cell emulator, it is integrated with a boost converter and DC motor is loaded. After the successful
working of the boost converter, it can be directly connected with the actual Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) to satisfy the
DC motor load which is integrated with fuel cell emulator and boost converter.
An automotive onboard 3.3kw battery charger for phev applicationsMurray Edington
The document describes a 3.3 kW two-stage battery charger design for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The charger consists of an AC-DC power factor correction rectifier followed by an isolated DC-DC converter. The AC-DC stage uses an interleaved boost converter topology for high efficiency. The DC-DC stage is a full-bridge zero-voltage switching converter. Design details are provided for key components like the transformer and output inductor. Experimental results show the charger achieves up to 94% efficiency and meets specifications like operating over a 200-450V output voltage range.
New Structure for Photovoltaic SystemApplications with Maximum Power Point Tr...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper recommendes a new structure for photovoltaicsystems with a new inverter topology. A quasi-Z-source DC-DC converter with capability of dividing its output voltage to the same voltages and tracking maximum power point is proposed. The proportional-integral incremental conductance method is used for maximum power point tracking. The new recommended inverter topology is linked to quasi-Z-source converter for transferring power. For triggering inverter switches, alternate phase opposition disposition switching technique is utilized. A comparison is drawn between suggested multilevel inverter topology and other conventional multilevel inverter topologies. Description of proposed structure along with detailed simulation results that verify its feasibility are given to demonstrate the availability of the proposed system by MATLAB/Simulink software.
This paper presents a new topology for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter utilizing multicarrier modulation technique. The new five-level topology utilizes a capacitive divider network consisting of two capacitors for producing output voltage levels. The developed circuit has reduced number of switches and dc sources compared to conventional five level inverters. Five main power switches, a single additional diode apart from antiparallel diodes, two capacitors and a dc supply constitute a single five level unit. Simulations as well as experimental results are verified for the new topology utilising multicarrier modulation technique with reduced harmonic distortions in the output.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a non-isolated three-port SEPIC converter for standalone photovoltaic applications. The converter uses a single-input multi-output structure with a photovoltaic source as the single input. Mathematical analysis is performed and simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the design. Hardware implementation and testing is also conducted, and results match the simulation analysis. The converter operates in continuous current mode to supply two loads - a resistive load and a dynamic motor load - from a single photovoltaic source.
IRJET- Review of DC-DC Converters in Photovoltaic Systems for MPPT SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews various DC-DC converters that can be used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize power output, including buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, SEPIC, and Zeta converters. It provides an overview of how these converters work along with their circuit diagrams and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The converters are compared based on factors like complexity, output ripple, and ability to boost or buck voltage. The document concludes that understanding these different converter options is important for selecting the appropriate converter for interfacing maximum power point tracking systems with DC-AC inverters in PV applications.
A Single Phase Eleven Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Photovo...IJMER
Abstract: A Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic converter built to synthesize a desired ac voltage
from several levels of dc voltages with better harmonic spectrum. Such inverters are suitable for high voltage and high
power applications and have been an important development in recent years. This paper presents the performance of a
eleven level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter topology with multicarrier pulse width modulation technique for
photovoltaic cell. This inverter is capable of producing eleven levels of output voltage from the dc supply voltage. This
topology magnifies the fundamental output voltage with reduction in total harmonic distortion . The output is drawn near the
sine wave because of more levels. It can also be easily extended to an m-level inverter. The performance of the proposed
PWM strategy in terms of output voltage and THD is shown using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords: Multilevel inverter, Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter, Multicarrier pulse width modulation, PV cell, Total
harmonic distortion.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
Design and Implementation of Single Leg Reduce Switch Count Dual Output Inver...IOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed three-switch single-leg inverter topology that can independently supply two AC loads using reduced semiconductor switches compared to conventional six-switch topologies. The three-switch inverter uses three semiconductor switches and three parallel capacitors to generate independent outputs of varying frequency and amplitude. Simulation and experimental results show that the three-switch inverter can successfully drive two AC loads independently while reducing components, cost, size and weight compared to traditional designs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a single-phase multilevel inverter topology fed by a photovoltaic panel. The inverter uses a multicarrier phase disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme to generate gate signals for power switches. It can produce 3, 5, 7, or 9 output voltage levels by controlling the modulation index. The proposed inverter configuration was tested supplying power to an R-L load. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink analyzed the performance of the topology and THD values for output current and voltage.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
This document proposes and analyzes a novel three-phase multi-string multilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output DC voltage from multiple renewable energy sources. It then uses a simplified multilevel inverter topology with only six switches instead of the eight switches used in conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, reducing losses. Simulation and experimental results show the inverter provides improved output waveforms, lower harmonics, reduced size and cost compared to other topologies.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
This document discusses implementing an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a photovoltaic (PV) system using DC-DC buck and boost converters. It provides mathematical models and analysis of the buck and boost converters. The incremental conductance MPPT algorithm is based on matching the source impedance of the PV panel to the load impedance to extract maximum power. The document compares implementing this algorithm with a buck versus boost converter for transferring power from the PV panel to the load.
This document provides a list of 57 technical papers published between 2010-2013 related to electrical engineering topics like power electronics, renewable energy, and control systems. It includes the paper titles and their respective years of publication. Contact information is also provided to inquire about further details.
In this paper the multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) with multi value DC voltage source multilevel inverter is presented. These MLI’s are suitable in high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum. Seven level inverter is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The use of Photovoltaic Cell as a DC source for the multilevel Inverter is proposed here.
DESIGN OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLYBACK DC-DC CONVERTER WITH CURRENT CONTROLIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a set of design techniques to build a DC-DC converter for the interconnection of different sources of renewable energy with storage elements and flexible load profiles. This type of multifunctional DC-DC converter is essential to provide the dispatch of energy generation to storage connected to the DC bus or allow energy exchange with the AC network, with different decision modes as a function of the state of charge of batteries, with the forecast of the consumption of a house with renewable production. This work emphasizes the application of a method to design switched mode flyback converters with current control capabilities on the output side.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
1) The document presents a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that uses separate DC sources from solar panels for each level.
2) The inverter is simulated using MATLAB and produces a five-level stepped voltage waveform as the output.
3) The cascaded H-bridge topology has advantages of modular structure, low component count per level, and potential for soft switching. It can be used for applications such as UPS, battery charging, and electric vehicles.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Single Buck Boost Converter for Solar PV CellIJAPEJOURNAL
This paper deals with solar power production controlled by Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Single Input Buck-Boost (SIBB) converter. Since the solar energy is continuously varying, according to the irradiation the FLC generates control pulses to switch on the MOSFET device. To analyze the real time feasibility of this method, the system is simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink 2010a. A simulation model of the system is developed with solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell, FLC and SIBB in contradiction of the real world conditions. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a non-isolated three-port DC-DC converter with improved time response and steady-state output. The converter uses a single inductor and switched capacitors to achieve high voltage gain with minimal switches. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed for the closed-loop system to further improve the time domain response compared to a PI controller. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller reduces output ripple voltage and improves various time response specifications like rise time, peak time, and settling time. The converter is suitable as an interface between a photovoltaic source, battery backup, and load.
This project is proposed to integrate the Fuel cell emulator with a boost converter and load the DC motor
and the performance analysis is done. Fuel cell as a renewable energy source is considered to be one of the most
promising sources of electrical power. The characteristics of fuel cell is such that the DC power extracted from it is
at low voltage level, this project proposes a prototype of a new power electronics based fuel cell emulator. After
proposing a fuel cell emulator, it is integrated with a boost converter and DC motor is loaded. After the successful
working of the boost converter, it can be directly connected with the actual Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) to satisfy the
DC motor load which is integrated with fuel cell emulator and boost converter.
An automotive onboard 3.3kw battery charger for phev applicationsMurray Edington
The document describes a 3.3 kW two-stage battery charger design for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The charger consists of an AC-DC power factor correction rectifier followed by an isolated DC-DC converter. The AC-DC stage uses an interleaved boost converter topology for high efficiency. The DC-DC stage is a full-bridge zero-voltage switching converter. Design details are provided for key components like the transformer and output inductor. Experimental results show the charger achieves up to 94% efficiency and meets specifications like operating over a 200-450V output voltage range.
New Structure for Photovoltaic SystemApplications with Maximum Power Point Tr...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper recommendes a new structure for photovoltaicsystems with a new inverter topology. A quasi-Z-source DC-DC converter with capability of dividing its output voltage to the same voltages and tracking maximum power point is proposed. The proportional-integral incremental conductance method is used for maximum power point tracking. The new recommended inverter topology is linked to quasi-Z-source converter for transferring power. For triggering inverter switches, alternate phase opposition disposition switching technique is utilized. A comparison is drawn between suggested multilevel inverter topology and other conventional multilevel inverter topologies. Description of proposed structure along with detailed simulation results that verify its feasibility are given to demonstrate the availability of the proposed system by MATLAB/Simulink software.
This paper presents a new topology for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter utilizing multicarrier modulation technique. The new five-level topology utilizes a capacitive divider network consisting of two capacitors for producing output voltage levels. The developed circuit has reduced number of switches and dc sources compared to conventional five level inverters. Five main power switches, a single additional diode apart from antiparallel diodes, two capacitors and a dc supply constitute a single five level unit. Simulations as well as experimental results are verified for the new topology utilising multicarrier modulation technique with reduced harmonic distortions in the output.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a non-isolated three-port SEPIC converter for standalone photovoltaic applications. The converter uses a single-input multi-output structure with a photovoltaic source as the single input. Mathematical analysis is performed and simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the design. Hardware implementation and testing is also conducted, and results match the simulation analysis. The converter operates in continuous current mode to supply two loads - a resistive load and a dynamic motor load - from a single photovoltaic source.
IRJET- Review of DC-DC Converters in Photovoltaic Systems for MPPT SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews various DC-DC converters that can be used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize power output, including buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, SEPIC, and Zeta converters. It provides an overview of how these converters work along with their circuit diagrams and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The converters are compared based on factors like complexity, output ripple, and ability to boost or buck voltage. The document concludes that understanding these different converter options is important for selecting the appropriate converter for interfacing maximum power point tracking systems with DC-AC inverters in PV applications.
A Single Phase Eleven Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Photovo...IJMER
Abstract: A Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic converter built to synthesize a desired ac voltage
from several levels of dc voltages with better harmonic spectrum. Such inverters are suitable for high voltage and high
power applications and have been an important development in recent years. This paper presents the performance of a
eleven level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter topology with multicarrier pulse width modulation technique for
photovoltaic cell. This inverter is capable of producing eleven levels of output voltage from the dc supply voltage. This
topology magnifies the fundamental output voltage with reduction in total harmonic distortion . The output is drawn near the
sine wave because of more levels. It can also be easily extended to an m-level inverter. The performance of the proposed
PWM strategy in terms of output voltage and THD is shown using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords: Multilevel inverter, Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter, Multicarrier pulse width modulation, PV cell, Total
harmonic distortion.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
Design and Implementation of Single Leg Reduce Switch Count Dual Output Inver...IOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed three-switch single-leg inverter topology that can independently supply two AC loads using reduced semiconductor switches compared to conventional six-switch topologies. The three-switch inverter uses three semiconductor switches and three parallel capacitors to generate independent outputs of varying frequency and amplitude. Simulation and experimental results show that the three-switch inverter can successfully drive two AC loads independently while reducing components, cost, size and weight compared to traditional designs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a single-phase multilevel inverter topology fed by a photovoltaic panel. The inverter uses a multicarrier phase disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme to generate gate signals for power switches. It can produce 3, 5, 7, or 9 output voltage levels by controlling the modulation index. The proposed inverter configuration was tested supplying power to an R-L load. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink analyzed the performance of the topology and THD values for output current and voltage.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
This document proposes and analyzes a novel three-phase multi-string multilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output DC voltage from multiple renewable energy sources. It then uses a simplified multilevel inverter topology with only six switches instead of the eight switches used in conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, reducing losses. Simulation and experimental results show the inverter provides improved output waveforms, lower harmonics, reduced size and cost compared to other topologies.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
This document discusses implementing an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a photovoltaic (PV) system using DC-DC buck and boost converters. It provides mathematical models and analysis of the buck and boost converters. The incremental conductance MPPT algorithm is based on matching the source impedance of the PV panel to the load impedance to extract maximum power. The document compares implementing this algorithm with a buck versus boost converter for transferring power from the PV panel to the load.
This paper presents a combined operation of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with Fuel cell system (FC). The proposed system consists of a series inverter, a shunt inverter and a Fuel cell that is connected with the DC link of UPQC through a back boost converter, where it is a SEPIC converter. The mean purpose for using the SEPIC converter is ensuring a constant DC link voltage value and to make the FC system intervening only in the case when the DC link energy is insufficient. Excepting this case, the FC system will be in the standby state. To validate the proposed topology, several sags of source voltage have been applied, at the point of common coupling (PCC).The simulation results from MATLAB/SIMULINK are discussed to verify the proposed topology.
Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Zero Voltage Switching DC-DC Converter Design with ...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a 3 kW phase-shifted full-bridge zero voltage switching DC-DC converter in MATLAB/Simulink. The design involves iterative calculations to determine key parameters like transformer turns ratio, leakage inductance, switching frequency and duty cycle. A 3 kW converter operating at 100 kHz was designed with a transformer turn ratio of 1:14. Simulation results showed the converter achieved zero voltage switching over the designed load range with 90% efficiency at full load.
Stand alone regulated single phase five level inverter with coupled inductorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management in 2014. The paper proposes a stand-alone regulated single phase five level inverter with a coupled inductor. It includes a high step-up DC-DC converter as a front-end stage to stabilize the output voltage from a variable DC source. The converter uses a coupled inductor to attain high voltage gain. The inverter can produce a five level AC output without variation in amplitude. The operation of the DC-DC converter and inverter are explained. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the circuit can provide a constant output voltage waveform from different DC input voltages.
Modified Bidirectional Converter with Current Fed InverterIJPEDS-IAES
A bidirectional dc-dc converter with multiple outputs are concatenated with a
high frequency current source parallel resonant push pull inverter is
presented in this paper. The two outputs are added together and it is taken as
the input source for the inverter. The current source parallel resonant push
pull inverter implemented here with high frequency applications like
induction heating, Fluorescent lighting, Digital signal processing sonar. This
paper proposes a simple photovoltaic power system consists of a
bidirectional converter and a current fed inverter for regulating the load
variations. Solar power is used as the input source for the system. Simulation
of the proposed system is carried out in PSIM software and experimentally
verified the results.
IRJET- Design of PV System using DC-DC Boost Converter Interfaced with Five L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a dual input dual output DC-DC boost converter to interface a solar photovoltaic panel with a five level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The boost converter helps maintain a constant voltage from the solar panel using maximum power point tracking. It also reduces the number of components needed compared to other converter topologies. Simulation results show the voltage and current waveforms at different points in the system and total harmonic distortion analysis of the output voltage waveform. The proposed system effectively utilizes solar energy through the boost converter and multilevel inverter.
IRJET- Mitigation of Harmonics in Active Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inv...IRJET Journal
This document presents a simulation of a 7-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter. It begins with an introduction to multilevel inverters and discusses issues with conventional 5-level NPC and flying capacitor topologies. It then presents the objectives to develop a Simulink model of a 7-level ANPC inverter using MATLAB. The model is described including subsystems for the source, pulse generation, and switches. Simulation results showing the output voltage and current waveforms are presented, with THD values below 13% for voltage and 6% for current.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
This document discusses different boost converter designs for photovoltaic generators. It compares a basic MOSFET-based boost converter to a proposed couple-coils boost converter. The basic converter uses discrete components like an inductor, freewheeling diode, and power MOSFET switch. Loss analyses are performed on these components. A coupled-coils design is proposed to minimize losses by integrating a low voltage MOSFET and very low resistance inductor. The goal is to design high efficiency converters for medium and high voltage photovoltaic systems connected to 230V AC grids.
Simulation of MPPT Algorithm Based Hybrid Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Energy SystemIJMER
This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid
wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of
this Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency
harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.
The fused multiinput rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to
extract maximum power from the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will
be used for the wind system and a standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system.
Operational analysis of the proposed system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given
to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents a step up DC-to-DC converter with hybrid switch capacitor technique having high voltage conversion ratio with small switch voltage stress . The converter is suitable for the applications where high voltage conversion is required. The proposed DC-DC converter has low voltage ratted MOSFET switch and is connected to PV array to get high output voltage at small duty ratios. Hence it has high efficiency. The principles of operations and the theoretical analysis are presented in this paper. All the simulations are done in MATLAB- SIMULINK Environment and results were obtained with voltage conversion ratio of 4.9.
Design and Simulation of Efficient DC-DC Converter Topology for a Solar PV Mo...Sajin Ismail
Modulated Integrated Converter systems are considered to be the new and global turning point in the field of
Solar PV systems. These converters are highly recognised for its modular size and compact nature and they are supposed to
be attached directly with each PV module and since one PV module is having the power rating of a few watts ranging from
0-500Ws, the design rating would be in the same range and thus the most vital condition in such a design is efficiency
under these relatively low loads. In this paper an isolated interleaved boost converter topology is considered in the DC-DC
section and which is designed and simulated for a specific power rating (250W) and the efficiency is analysed with varying
load conditions and compared with the target efficiency of the system.
High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...ijitjournal
T
his paper
presents
a
ste
p up DC
-
to
-
DC converter with
hybrid switch capacitor technique having
high
voltage conversion ratio with small
switch voltage stress
. The converter is suitable for the applications
where high voltage conversion is required. The proposed
DC
-
DC converter
has low voltage ratted
MOSFET switch and is connected to PV array to get high output voltage at small duty ratios.
Hence it has
high efficiency.
The principles of operations and the theoretical analysis are presented in this paper.
All the
simulations are
done in MATLAB
-
SIMULINK Environment and
results were obtained with voltage
conversion ratio of 4.
FPGA Based V/f Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Drives Integrating Supe...IJPEDS-IAES
The significance of Elementary Positive Output Super-Lift Luo Converter (EPOSLLC) in constant Voltage/Hertz (V/f) controlled Induction Motor (IM) drive is presented. The traditional IM drive which integrates phase controlled rectifier or boost converter in the facade end upshot tribulations like DC link fluctuations and deprived DC link voltage level. To overcome the problem, the conventional DC-DC converter is replaced with Proportional plus Integral (PI) controlled EPOSLLC in the front end of IM drive that produces the DC link voltage in geometric progression. The Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) of the suggested system renders both open loop and closed loop V/f control scheme for IM by feedback regulated Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. Simulation and experimental works are conceded and results presented to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB /SIMULINK software and the experimental setup is built with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Spartan-6 processor. The anticipated EPOSLLC is found fit for V/f controlled IM drives considering the DC link Voltage, Speed response of IM and Total Harmonic Distorion (THD) in IM current.
Transformer Less Voltage Quadrupler Based DC-DC Converter with Coupled Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper a voltage quadrupler dc-dc converter with coupled inductor
and π filter is presented. The use of the coupled inductor reduces the high
leakage inductance which is present in a transformer enabled converter.
The output ripples in the converter is reduced by providing a π filter.
The interleaved voltage quadrupler is used in this system in order to boost the
output voltage. The voltage multiplier improves the output voltage gain.
The main advantage of this system is more voltage gain when compared with
the transformer eneabled circuit and the overall efficiency of the system is
improved. The circuit is simple to control. As a final point of this research,
the simulation and the hardware investigational results are presented to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed converter.
In this paper, a Wavelet modulated isolated two-stage three-phase bidirectional AC-DC converter is proposed for electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. Half-bridge resonant CLLC converter is proposed due to its high efficiency, wide gain range, galvanic isolation and bidirectional power flow. Wavelet modulation technique is used for three-phase six leg AC-DC converter due to its benefits of high DC component and lower harmonic contents. The proposed two-stage converter is developed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment. The contribution of this paper is on the implementation and performance analysis of Wavelet modulation in bidirectional AC-DC converters. The results show that Wavelet modulation is suitable to be implemented for the proposed bidirectional converter. The performance of the proposed converter delivers very low output voltage ripple and total harmonic distortion output current of less than 10% which is within the expected results.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Similar to Single Phase Power Generation System from Fuel Cell (20)
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
The document presents a new method for fault classification and direction discrimination in transmission lines using 1D convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs). A 132kV transmission line model is simulated to generate training and testing data for the 1D-CNN algorithm. The proposed 1D-CNN approach directly uses the voltage and current signals from one end as input, merging feature extraction and classification into a single learning process. Testing shows the 1D-CNN method accurately classifies and discriminates fault direction with higher accuracy than conventional neural network and fuzzy neural network methods under different fault conditions.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a battery energy storage system (BESS) with droop control to reduce frequency fluctuations in a multi-machine power system connected to a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant. The paper develops a droop control strategy for the BESS that incorporates a frequency error signal and dead-band. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC software show that the proposed droop control-based BESS can efficiently curtail frequency oscillations caused by fluctuations in PV power injection due to changing solar irradiance.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The document describes a proposed modified bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter (NSFCL) for distribution networks. The NSFCL consists of a bridge rectifier, two DC reactors (one small in series and one large in parallel), and an IGBT semiconductor switch controlled by a command circuit. During normal operation, the IGBT is on and the parallel reactor is bypassed, making the NSFCL invisible. During a fault, the IGBT turns off, inserting the parallel reactor to limit fault current. Simulation results showed the design effectively limits fault current while minimally affecting normal operation.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
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bidirectional power flow, and galvanic isolation which is fulfil the low voltage fuel cell power generation
system requirements, the topology illustrate in Figure 1 to minimize the overall losses of system, where the
futures of zero voltage switching (ZVS) capability, bidirectional power flow and high frequency transformer
for galvanic isolation is adapted [9]-[11]. This feature provides the effective conversion of power, small
volume and low weight construction. In addition, small signal model for the system, the related control
design of the converter and open loop system with resistive and inductive load inverter are developed and
also which reduce the cost of the system as well [12].
Vp
Vs
1 : n
Φ
Phase-shifted
Power flow
ii
ip
Lk
High frequency
transformer
vfc
Ci Co
ifc
s2
s4
s1
s3 s7 s8
s6
s5 s9 s10
s12
s11
Ic
IL
IAv
Vo
-
+
-
+
Lf
Cf
Single
Phase
AC
Load
Hydrogen
supply
Water out
Air
sup
ply
Figure 1. Single phase power generation circuit with fuel cell
2. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Fuel cell systems are generally rated with the power range of 10 W – 5kW with the voltage ranges
7.8 V – 72 V. Three phase of operational regions were in fuel cell which are activation, Ohmic, and
concertation as shown in the polarization curve [13]. The operating point should choose in the Ohmic region
from the data sheet of fuel cell to extend the life time. In critical applications such as a single phase AC
power generation system with DC-DC converters.
Fuel cell system is connected with two full bridge isolated DC-DC converters as shown in Figure 1,
which are connected with high frequency transformer (Tf) and extremal small leakage inductor (Llk) , the
electrolytic capacitor (Ci) as the energy buffer in the primary H-bridge (port-1), to reduce the low frequency
current ripple in the input side connected to DC-bus voltage (Vdc) which is connected to a single phase
voltage source inverter for the conversion of the DC-AC for the AC loads or Grid connection. In this circuit
energy transfer occurs due to the phase shift between the two H-bridges, phase shift(ϕ) modulation is
employed to proceed the power from input port-1 to output port-2 is determined by phase angle (ϕ) between
the primary winding and secondary winding voltages of the transformer(Tf), that is given the power flow
expression as [14].
PFC=
VFC
2
d∅
πwLlk
(π-∅) (1)
where
VFC - is the fuel cell DC output voltage
d - is the voltage transfer ratio referred to primary,
Llk - is the leakage inductance of the transformer,
Φ - is the phase shift between the bridge gate signals.
DC voltage must be √2 times of the peak value AC voltage required. So the voltage conversion ratio
is very high for the medium and high power requirements where the need of isolated DC-DC converter is
essential to meet the required voltage level and conventional boost converters cannot be used in such cases.
The dual active bridge DC-DC converters which were originally proposed with soft switching is a better
topology among others for fuel cell applications.
3. MODALING OF THE SYSTEM
In the literature so many PEM fuel cell models are reported based in the thermodynamic and
electrochemical expressions. The fuel cell model considered with constant hydrogen pressure flow into the
fuel cell stacks for dynamic operation. Fuel cell output voltage is expressed as [15].
Vfc=E - Vact - Vconc - Vohm (2)
where
E – is open circuit fuel cell voltage (Voc)
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Vact – is activation voltage losses at zero current density (Io)
Vconc – is voltage drop due to concentration losses in fuel input
Vohm – is voltage drop of Ohmic losses
From the above expression (2) and based on the polarization cure has been observed that a fuel cell
can operated with the linear region while changing the constant internal resistance with respective of output
loads. So based on this observation it can be linearized by using the expression below (3),
Vfc = E - RfcIfc (3)
where
Rfc - is linearized resistance
Ifc - is fuel cell current
So its gives the dynamic operation region of the fuel cell between the lower and upper current limits.
The DC voltage from the fuel cell is converted into a high frequency square wave AC voltage(non-
sinusoidal) at the primary winding side of the transformer by the H-bridge of port-1. The converted AC
voltage is stepped up to high voltage square wave(non-sinusoidal) at secondary winding of the transformer
by the H-bridge of port-2 with a desired phase shift to meet the required load power. The output of the H-
bridge of Port-2 is a high DC voltage.
As shown in Figure 2 waveforms of the voltage, currents in primary winding and secondary
windings of the transformer. The instantaneous value of the primary current at any given instant of ‘θ’ as
follows the expressions are,
i(θ)=
{
i(0)+ (
Vi+Vo
wL
) θ, 0<wt<∅
i(∅)+ (
Vi-Vo
wL
) (θ-∅), ∅<wt<π
(4)
The expression (4) can be deduced to get the values of the current (ip) in the primary side of the transformer
expressed as,
iP(0) =-
Vfc
wLlk
[d∅-
π*(1-d)
2
]
iP(∅) =
Vfc
wLlk
[∅+
π*(1-d)
2
]
} (5)
Where the first zero crossing point (y) of ip form Figure 2 is given as
y=
2d∅+π(1-d)
2(1+d)
(6)
V
2
Vp
Φ
wt
wt
wt
Vfc
V
0
-
Vfc
-V
0
ip
Φ
ii
io
I Average
π
wt
wt
y
Figure 2. Voltage and Current Waveforms
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The boundary conditions [16] of the H-bridge in the primary winding side voltage(LV) and H-
bridge in the secondary winding side voltage(HV) for Zero voltage switching (ZVS) are found to be ip (0) 0
and ip (ϕ) 0 respectively. This can be found by substituting ip (0) = 0 and ip (ϕ) = 0, which will ensure a
negative current in the LV H-bridge through the diodes clamping the voltage across the switches to be the
negligible forward voltage drop across them enabling almost zero voltage at the time of turn ON. Similarly, a
positive current in the HV H-bridge makes the diodes conduction ensuring almost zero voltage across the
switches at the time of turn ON. During the turn OFF process, the capacitors across the switches store the ON
state voltage and enables the ZVS at the time of turn OFF. Which will greatly reduce the switching losses and
hence increase the efficiency.
Average power transferred to the load from the fuel cell is expressed below as,
PFC=VFCIAve (7)
Where Iave =
VFCd∅(π-∅)
πwLlk
from the expressions of (1), (4) and (5).
Because of the half wave symmetry of the wave form shown in Figure 2. It gives the average power
transfer expression as below
PFC = VFC
2 d∅(π-∅)
πwLlk
(8)
Hence the average current can be used for modelling of the DAB, which is a non-linear function of the phase
shift ϕ as given below
Iave=
VFCd∅
wLlk
K∅ (9)
Where K∅ =
(π-∅)
π
The averaged model of the DAB is shown in Figure 3 which gives the open loop transfer function of
the system as
GDAB(s)=
K∅
C0
1
s
(10)
Cdc
Iave
IL
IC
Vdc
_
+
Kϕ 1/Cdc 1/S
Vdc
IC
Iave
IL
_
+
f(ϕ)
DC
current
source
f(ϕ)
RL
Figure 3. modeling circuits of DAB
4. INVERTER WITH LC-FILTER
The DAB converse low DC-voltage to a high DC-voltage from the fuel cell in order to AC voltage
as a part of multistage power converter topology. A switched mode DC-AC inverter is considered for grid or
AC load connected fuel cell systems. The magnitude and the frequency of the sinusoidal AC output can be
controlled in these inverters. The output of this inverter must be matched with the magnitude, frequency and
phase of the specified AC load or grid voltage, which is achievable in this switched mode inverter.
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The high frequency switching of the pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter results from a non-
sinusoidal voltage at the output with high frequency distortions. These non-sinusoidal voltages cause the
current to be highly distorted when connected to the load or the grid. An LC-filter made up of inductor Lf in
series with the load and capacitor Cf parallel to the load. It’s possess the advantages of the L-filter and C-
filter. Aside from this ripple factor in LC- filter is lower value than that acquire by either one of the both
filters (L or C) for the same values. Figure 4 shows the use of the LC-filter for minimizing the ripple from the
voltage of a single-phase inverter output. The dominant harmonics are suppress by the filter inductor (LF) and
the Capacitor (Cf) provides a simple way to the harmonic ripple currents [17]-[19].
Figure 4. single phase full bridge inverter with LC-filter
Inductance value (Lf) of the filter is computed such that the voltage drop in the inductor is not more
than 3% to 5% of the inverter output voltage Vo.
2πfoLfILmax 0.03*Vo
Lf
0.03*Vo
2πfoILmax
} (11)
Where
fo -is output frequency of the L-C filter 50Hz,
Lf - is inductance of filter,
ILmax -is maximum RMS (root mean square) of load current,
Vo -is the output voltage RMS value.
Capacitance value (Cf) of the filter is computed with the help of resonance relation as,
Cf=
1
(2πfr)2Lf
(12)
Where fr – is cut-off frequency of LC-filter.
5. DESIGN OF THE PI-CONTROLLER
Now single phase inverter is considered to be as the load, it should be chosen so as to limit the
bandwidth below the double line frequency of the load, which allows a double line frequency ripple in the
voltage of the DC-bus. A low pass filter is introduced to limit the frequency of the ripple current extracted
from fuel cell. The time constant Tf of the low pass filter is chosen to limit in only a DC current extract from
the fuel cell, which is good for the fuel cell membrane.
PI-controller is considered in the system for the stability in the voltage of the DC-bus under the
desired set point and disturbance variations as shown in the Figure 5. In this design an extended symmetrical
optimum method (ESOM) [20] is used in the tuning of the controller. The gain of the open loop system is
given below as
GOL(s) =
KpKc(1+Tcs)
s2(1+TFs)
(13)
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Figure 5. DC link voltage loop control
The system derive from a variable gain process in which K∅ =
(π-∅)
π
is a variant. Hence the ESOM
is suitable for this type of plant with variable parameter Kp chosen to compute the parameters of the PI
controller. It provides the values of parameters Kc and Tc at the median of Kϕ, so that maximum phase
margin is ensured at the given crossover frequency (wc) even if Kϕ is disparate.
From the ESOM, PI controller Parameters Kc and Tc as
KpKc =
1
β√βTF
2 and
Tc = βTF
} (14)
Where β- is a parameter chosen between 4 and 16 based on required system performance [20] such
as rise time, peak overshoot, and settling time. When β4 the phase margin ∅𝑟𝑀 36𝑜
which is too small
and when β 16 the phase margin ∅𝑟𝑀 60𝑜
where such high values are not necessary. In this simulation
the parameter β is chosen as 6 for a maximum phase margin of 45𝑜
of the open-loop system.
The open-loop(OL) and closed loop(CL) bode diagrams are as shown in the Figure 6(a) and (b). It
can found that the maximum phase margin of 45.6o
is given by the controller at 25 Hz with the low-pass
filter.
(a) (b)
Figure 6. (a) Bode-diagram of the OL system; (b) Bode-diagram of the CL system
From the expressions (13) and (14) the optimal closed loop gain of the entire system is
GCL(s) =
βTFs+1
β√βTF
3
s3+β√βTF
2
s2+βTFs+1
(15)
The cut-off frequency wc of the DC-bus voltage control loop is selected for the low pass filter
wc= 1
√βTF
⁄
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The cut off frequency wc is choose as 25Hz. The phase margin is 89o
at 32.9Hz of the closed loop
system from the bode diagram as shown in the Figure 6(b). This ensures that stable operation of the system
within the double line frequency of the inverter load with the safe range of ripple current in the fuel cell.
6. SIMULATION RESULT
Simulation of the model is done with MATLAB/Simulink by using the power system block sets
connected to the two H-bridges with a high frequency transformer for different loads. The constant DC
voltage source was chosen with 0.333ohm resistance, which is equal to the dynamic resistance of a 1kW
Horizon fuel cell. The simulation was done in two parts, the first part without inverter only resistive loads.
The simulation results are shown in Figure 7 for load voltage (Vo) and load current (Io) with respect to the
load changes, input voltage (Vi) and input current (Ii) as the load differs from 200W to 1000W and to 400W.
The maximum ripple in the input current (Ii) is occurred 2A when it is connected to full load 1000W, it is
safe range for fuel cell. Table 1 gives the simulation parameters.
Figure 7. input and output voltage and currents for load 200W to 1000W and to 400W
Table 1. Parameters and respective values
DAB Inverter
Input voltage, Vfc 50V Input voltage, Vs 400V
Internal resistance, Rfc 0.333 ohm Output voltage, (RMS) Vo 220V
Input capacitance, Ci 4700 μF Filter indactance, Lf 0.051 μH
Output voltage, Vo 400V Switching freqency(inverter), fsinv 10kHz
Output capacitance, Co 1000 μF Cut-off frequency, fr 3kHz
Maximum output power, Po 1000 W Output frequency, fo 50Hz
Switching freqency(DAB), fs 20kHz Output capacitance, Cf 0.548 μF
Leakage indactance, Llk 11.71 μH
The second part of the simulation result is shown in Figure 8 (a) and (b). are the fuel cell voltage
and current with inverter input voltage (Vdc), inverter output voltage (Vs), inductor current (iL), output
voltage of LC-filter (Vo), and output current (Io) for R, and RL load with unipolar PWM controller.
8. Int J Pow Elec Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
Single Phase Power Generation System from Fuel Cell (Nageswara Rao Kudithi)
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Figure 8(a). Result of inverter with LC-filter outputs for R-Load
Figure 8(b). Result of inverter with LC-filter outputs for RL-Load
7. CONCLUSION
Dual active bridge DC-DC converter considered as single phase generation system for fuel cell
applications and average small signal model has been developed for it. Simulations are done by using
MATLAB/Simulink power system block sets. A PI controller has been proposed and developed for system
stability under the desired output and varies loads using ESOM with DC load variations of 200W to 1000W
and 400W as shown in Figure 7.
Implemented the LC-filter with the DAB to get the sinusoidal voltage as shown in Figures 8 (a) and
(b) for different loads by choosing high resistance and low inductance in the AC load to get the maximum
power output. This system design can be used for the implication of three port bidirectional dc-dc converter
of fuel cell application and use it as single phase AC power generation.
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