In these work, new nano and micro thermoplastic based composite is prepared with zeolite filler, The method involves using zeolite in powder form, the preparation of zeolite powder from ores by crushing it into small - sized granules. The characteristics of the zeolite powder are determined. The physical properties and chemical composition (XRD) are evaluated before impeding it into the thermoplastic. Thermoplastics powder are added to the zeolite powder as granules in different sizes, The particles sizes ranging from the size of a millimeter to nanometer. The manufacturing quality parameters are optimized at volume percentages of filler in the range 20 to 25 % , composite material is formed into molds. New Composite material is characterized by easy deformation into different shapes beside machine ability. The characteristics of new composite such as SEM, EDX,FTIR in absorption and transmission mode are evaluated and compared with the standard characteristics of Zeolite ores. The performance and characteristics of the new composite are completely different. The new composite is hard, solid and does not absorb water. The work end with list of recommendation about the new field and expected application of Zeolite when using it as filler in thermoplastic based micro and nano composites.
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
Elastic moduli measurement of solid using ultrasonic techniqueAbu Sufyan Malik
Ultrasonic Testing is used for measuring characteristics of a material i.e. Elastic Modulus, Grain Size Measurement, Material Characterization and Velocity of Waves develop in a Waveguide. We used ‘Echo-Pulse Transducer’ to develop the guided wave in the waveguide of which we used as specimen(Cu). The values obtained experimentally and conventionally are explained in detail and compared in the respective slides.
20180323 electrospinning and polymer nanofibersTianyu Liu
The slides for a guest lecture of a graduate course (Chem 6564) offered by the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
Elastic moduli measurement of solid using ultrasonic techniqueAbu Sufyan Malik
Ultrasonic Testing is used for measuring characteristics of a material i.e. Elastic Modulus, Grain Size Measurement, Material Characterization and Velocity of Waves develop in a Waveguide. We used ‘Echo-Pulse Transducer’ to develop the guided wave in the waveguide of which we used as specimen(Cu). The values obtained experimentally and conventionally are explained in detail and compared in the respective slides.
20180323 electrospinning and polymer nanofibersTianyu Liu
The slides for a guest lecture of a graduate course (Chem 6564) offered by the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
This presentation was made as a seminar requirement by Deepak Rajput at the University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, Tennessee, USA in spring 2010.
Please visit http://drajput.com.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology primarily deal with the synthesis, characterization,
exploration, and exploitation of nanostructures materials. These materials are characterized by at least
one dimension in the nanometer (1nm = 10−9 m) range. In this research project nano materials are
synthesized or deposited by sputtering process. Prior to this sputtering process, the desired specimen and
its pattern is prepared with one of the mask less lithographic techniques such as electron beam
lithography (EBL). In this process, EBL machine is used with 220 KV of power and it is used to write the
pattern with raster scan method. After co-deposition of Al2O3 and SiO2 with the help of sputtering then
finally characterization has taken place. In this characterization, Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images are taken and then finally atomic force microscope (AFM) images are taken in order to know the
deflection error, adhesiveness, and DMT modulus
Raman investigation of femtosecond laser-induced graphitic columns in single-...PROMETHEUS Energy
We report on the fabrication of graphitic columns
induced in single-crystal diamond plates using 100 fs
laser pulses at 800 nm wavelength. Different values of
laser fluence (0.6–1.2 J/cm2
) and graphitization speed
(1–100 lm/s) were used for the laser treatment. A Raman
investigation was performed aimed at evaluating the
structural properties of the fabricated columns, showing
that a lower laser fluence and a proper choice of graphitization
speed may improve the degree of graphite crystallinity,
and suppress the residual diamond content.
Module of fiber coupled diode laser based on 808nm single emitter combinationNaku Technology Co,. Ltd
Because of the good beam quality and heat dissipation of single emitter diode laser, it is more resuitable to be used in the source of electro-optic countermeasure. Aim at the responer curve of charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrum, 808nm single emitter is used as unitsource and 24 single emitters are divided into four groups. In order to increase the output power intensity, space sombination and polarization combination are used in the experiment. Combined beam is focused in an optical fiber through the focused lens group designed by ourself. All the single emittwes are connected inseries. When the drive current is 8.5A, 162W output power is obtained from a 300um fiber core with a numerical aperture of 0.22 at 808nm and coupling efficiency of 84%.
ITO (indium tin Oxide) & FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide )Preeti Choudhary
Optical and electronic properties of ITO AND FTO:Physical properties, why use as TCOs, optical properties,electronic properties, work function and kelvin probe method and deposition technique.
TUNING THE OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Y2O3 CERAMICS BY THE INCLUSIO...IAEME Publication
Infrared transparent windows are generally used to protect highly delicate
infrared sensor circuits from the harsh environments. In the present work a
combustion technique was effectively used to incorporate La3+ ion in the yttria matrix.
The crystallites were in the size limit of 20 nm. Powder characterization using X-ray
diffraction, HRTEM and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the La3+ ions were
effectively replacing the Y3+ ion in the yttria matrix. There was a slight reduction in
optical band gap with La3+ concentration. A novel sintering mechanism was used for
sintering the samples by coupling definite proportions of resistive heating and
microwave heating. The highly dense pellets showed better transmittance and
hardness properties, which improved with La3+concentration. The present study
authorises that combustion synthesis of the samples followed by resistive coupled
microwave sintering can effectively be used to tune the optical and mechanical,
properties of infrared transparent ceramics. Improving the transmittance properties
without deteriorating the mechanical properties through the resistive coupled
microwave sintering is the major highlight of this novel work.
The method and machine to treat slag of metal industries, the method based on improve the mechanical properties of the slag as well as prevent its interaction with water, improvement is done by bonding slag with binders in slag treatment machine. consists of mill for crushing and grinding of slag, mixer to achieve homogeneity, bunker to assemble the bonding materials that do not need grinding, tank to collect and heat mixture to become viscous and easy deformed in pipes and a bowl to collect the treated slag.
new patents include machine and method for recycling of industrial wastes such as Aluminium and metal slag, composite, thermo-set
and mining such as black sands , marble granite , sand glass chist
In recent years , the world of science has started to produce advanced materials and technology in the nano scale, which known as nanotechnology . The use of nanotechnology has become wide spread in all branches of science , so there is an essential need to prepare advanced nanotechnology tools and detection systems contain very recent instruments needed for nanotechnology studies , since the physical , chemical and biological properties of the material at nano scale differ in fundamental and valuable ways from that at normal scale. In this work the different technique in measuring and detection techniques in nanotechnology will be discussed the method of operation and accuracy of each technique will be evaluated, the main applications of each technique in industrial and construction field will be evaluated. The techniques mentioned are Nano indentation technique which evaluate the mechanical properties of the nano-materials such as reduced modulus, stiffness and Hardness. The quantitative and qualitative analysis detection systems such as SEM , AFM, STM and Zeta potential will be evaluated . The analysis and tooling equipments will be also evaluated. At the end of work the main conclusions and recommendation about using nanotechnology detection tools and difference between them are mentioned
In recent years , the world of science has started to produce advanced materials and technology in the nano scale, which known as nanotechnology . The use of nanotechnology has become wide spread in all branches of science , so there is an essential need to prepare advanced nanotechnology tools and detection systems contain very recent instruments needed for nanotechnology studies , since the physical , chemical and biological properties of the material at nano scale differ in fundamental and valuable ways from that at normal scale. In this work the different technique in measuring and detection techniques in nanotechnology will be discussed the method of operation and accuracy of each technique will be evaluated, the main applications of each technique in industrial and construction field will be evaluated. The techniques mentioned are Nano indentation technique which evaluate the mechanical properties of the nano-materials such as reduced modulus, stiffness and Hardness. The quantitative and qualitative analysis detection systems such as SEM , AFM, STM and Zeta potential will be evaluated . The analysis and tooling equipments will be also evaluated. At the end of work the main conclusions and recommendation about using nanotechnology detection tools and difference between them are mentioned.
In recent years , the world of science has started to produce advanced materials and technology in the nano scale, which known as nanotechnology . The use of nanotechnology has become wide spread in all branches of science , so there is an essential need to prepare advanced nanotechnology tools and detection systems contain very recent instruments needed for nanotechnology studies , since the physical , chemical and biological properties of the material at nano scale differ in fundamental and valuable ways from that at normal scale. In this work the different technique in measuring and detection techniques in nanotechnology will be discussed the method of operation and accuracy of each technique will be evaluated, the main applications of each technique in industrial and construction field will be evaluated. The techniques mentioned are Nano indentation technique which evaluate the mechanical properties of the nano-materials such as reduced modulus, stiffness and Hardness. The quantitative and qualitative analysis detection systems such as SEM , AFM, STM and Zeta potential will be evaluated . The analysis and tooling equipments will be also evaluated. At the end of work the main conclusions and recommendation about using nanotechnology detection tools and difference between them are mentioned.
Black sand is sand that is black in color, there are a number of different dark sand grains that can form black sand, it concentrates often contain additional valuables, other than precious metals: rare earth elements, thorium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium and others are often fractionated during igneous processes into a common mineral-suite that becomes black sands after weathering and erosion, several gemstones such as garnet, topaz, ruby, sapphire, and diamond are found in placers and in the course of placer mining, and sands of these gems are found in black sands and concentrates. black sand is found in Egypt with economical quantities, it is located in the Mediterranean sea coast from Al Arish in north Sinai to Rashid in Al Buhayrah, the main concentration of black sand is in Kafrelshiekh. Black sand is considered as source of many ores used in building and construction such as Iron and steel industry, that is beside wide application in concrete and painting industries. In this work, Chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of black sands compounds in Egypt are mentioned, the composition and locations of black sand will be discussed, the main common applications of black sands in building and construction industries will be mentioned, the application of black sands in insulation materials industries will be discussed the disadvantages and precautions of using black sands in some applications in buildings will be evaluated. The work end with group of results and recommendations to improve the economic of black sand applications in new fields related to construction and building material industries such as Titanium industries and composite materials.
Black sand is sand that is black in color, there are a number of different dark sand grains that can form black sand, it concentrates often contain additional valuables, other than precious metals: rare earth elements, thorium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium and others are often fractionated during igneous processes into a common mineral-suite that becomes black sands after weathering and erosion, several gemstones such as garnet, topaz, ruby, sapphire, and diamond are found in placers and in the course of placer mining, and sands of these gems are found in black sands and concentrates. black sand is found in Egypt with economical quantities, it is located in the Mediterranean sea coast from Al Arish in north Sinai to Rashid in Al Buhayrah, the main concentration of black sand is in Kafrelshiekh. Black sand is considered as source of many ores used in building and construction such as Iron and steel industry, that is beside wide application in concrete and painting industries. In this work, Chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of black sands compounds in Egypt are mentioned, the composition and locations of black sand will be discussed, the main common applications of black sands in building and construction industries will be mentioned, the application of black sands in insulation materials industries will be discussed the disadvantages and precautions of using black sands in some applications in buildings will be evaluated. The work end with group of results and recommendations to improve the economic of black sand applications in new fields related to construction and building material industries such as Titanium industries and composite materials.
Wear testing machine by laser ablation has been considered as a new method of wear testing which overcome the problems of old machines and systems . In this case, wear rate has occurred due to ablation by laser beam and test sample transformed from solid state to gas state directly (sublimation) and avoid relative movement and loss of material between sample and disk or plate. The different operation conditions such as temperature, chemicals, environmental conditions and different types of stresses has been considered. The new machine consists of two main parts optical and mechanical parts. The optical parts which include ultraviolet laser source, optical filter, lenses to concentrate the beam and manhole of laser beam to the sample tested in the control room. The mechanical parts includes The insulated chamber , dead weight , variable speed motor, sample holder, temperature and pressure sensor and ph meter. Mechanism of operation depend mainly on Ablation process which is removal of material from the surface of an tested object by vaporization .Ultraviolet laser beam is used as source of energy required for ablation process to avoid thermal effects. The new technique is suitable for all kinds of materials such as metals, alloys polymers, ceramics and composites in any shapes and sizes. The main factors affecting the new techniques are divided into factors related to the laser beam characteristics and factors related to material properties, the material properties include the surface roughness, thermal conductivity, specific heat ,density and mainly latent heat of sublimation.
In these work, new nano and micro thermoplastic based composite is prepared with zeolite filler, The method involves using zeolite in powder form, the preparation of zeolite powder from ores by crushing it into small - sized granules. The characteristics of the zeolite powder are determined. The physical properties and chemical composition (XRD) are evaluated before impeding it into the thermoplastic. Thermoplastics powder are added to the zeolite powder as granules in different sizes, The particles sizes ranging from the size of a millimeter to nanometer. The manufacturing quality parameters are optimized at volume percentages of filler in the range 20 to 25 % , composite material is formed into molds. New Composite material is characterized by easy deformation into different shapes beside machine ability. The characteristics of new composite such as SEM, EDX,FTIR in absorption and transmission mode are evaluated and compared with the standard characteristics of Zeolite ores. The performance and characteristics of the new composite are completely different. The new composite is hard, solid and does not absorb water. The work end with list of recommendation about the new field and expected application of Zeolite when using it as filler in thermoplastic based micro and nano composites.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
3. Abstract:
Method to improve the mechanical properties of nano materials, micromaterials and short fibers by indirect exposure to laser
irradiations. The method was done by dipping powder materials in transparent plastics to allow the passage of a laser beam
through it without being absorbed or interact with transparent material.
The laser affect the structure of powder and improve properties, After exposure organic solvent is used to dissociate the
transparent plastics , the treated nanomaterials or short fibers were collected. The method is a physical process free of
pollutants and exhaust, it do not cause economic losses in the amount of material treated.
4. Introduction
Nanoparticles often possess unexpected optical properties as they are small enough to confine their electrons and produce quantum effects.
[29]For example gold nanoparticles appear deep-red to black in solution. Nanoparticles of yellow gold and grey silicon are red in color.
Gold nanoparticles melt at much lower temperatures (~300 °C for 2.5 nm size) than the gold slabs (1064 °C);.[30] Absorption of solar
radiation is much higher in materials composed of nanoparticles than it is in thin films of continuous sheets of material. In both solar PV
and solar thermal applications, controlling the size, shape, and material of the particles, it is possible to control solar absorption [18-20].
other size- dependent property changes include quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, surface plasmon resonance in some metal
particles and super para magnetism in magnetic materials, Which would appear the changes in physical properties. Ferromagnetic
materials smaller than 10 nm can switch their magnetisation direction using room temperature thermal energy, thus making them
unsuitable for memory storage [21-23].
5. Experimental work
Material preparation
E-fiber glass Ownes corning 731ED 1/32". which is mechanically cut the fiber size is length to diameter
ratio L/d=50 (cylindrical particles) and L/d=1 (spherical particles).
6. Transparent material
the transparent material is plastic, it does not absorb the laser wavelengths used in the
test and dissolved after the process by mixture of organic solvents.
Dissociation of transparent material
It can be dissolved in a number of organic solvents. n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane,
benzene, toluene
7. Laser Irradiation
Samples used in this investigation were in a shape of disk of 25mm diameter and 7mm length. The
irradiation is done on both sides of the samples and in different positions to cover all area of the
sample and achieve homogeneous surface suitable for testing .The different lasers irradiated samples
at different conditions were examined before and after laser irradiation and the effect of laser was
determined.
CW argon ion laser (innova400) which have power of 25 watts multi-line wavelength from 514.5 nm
to 465.5 nm , the power used in the experiment is 1 watt.
8. Measurements
Raman Spectroscopy
The behaviour of the material was studied by variation of the modes obtained from FT (IR) Raman spectrum. The results were obtained using Brucker FTIR Raman spectrometer using Nd-YAG laser
power of 500MW as source of excitation. After irradiation of sample with lasers the spectra were obtained in the range 400 to 4000 cm-1. The samples were measured by fixing it to holder and placed in
front of the beam [27].
Hardness
The hardness of the specimens were measured by using means of Barcol impression according to ASTM-D2583,the indentor cone with 26° and 0.157mm, the sample must have smooth and polished surface
with thickness not more than 1.5mm,the load ranges from 6.8kg to 4.5kg each hardness value is an average of 29 reading for every specimen (5 specimen at each condition were examined). The measurements
are good up to + 6%.
The laser effect along the length of the specimen
The laser effect along the distance was evaluated, the specimen used for this purpose was 20 mm diameter and 13mm length irradiated by Argon ion laser (514nm-1watt-10 second) in the center of the
specimen, it was separated vertically into two parts, every part is fixed on holder (average of 4 specimen were considered at each condition). Barcoul hardness was measured every 3 mm along the length of
the specimen according to ASTM-D2583 test procedure explained above, the results were plotted on X-Y plan (distance -hardness) and the laser effect distributed along the length of the specimen were
evaluated.
9. Power measurements
The PM-450B power meter is used for
power measurements at wavelength
632.8nm, the calibration is done at the
wavelength in the study range 514nm by
taking the meter reading and multiple by
the appropriate spectral sensitivity value
according to the calibration cure as shown
in Figure (2). The PM-450B power meter
is used in measurements by setting the full
scale meter sensitivity one position beyond
the anticipated maximum power level,
adjust the detector position for maximum
meter output reposition the meter switch to
take advantage of the maximum meter
deflection, this will ensure maximum
accuracy in the measurement the output
impedance 200 Ohms or less on all ranges.
To achieve temperature sensitivity, the
instrument is calibrated at 20°C, the
difference in the range +5° will affect the
accuracy by less than 3%.
10. Results & Discussions:
The raman spectrum for transparent material
before and after laser absorption of Argon laser
507nm
11. The raman spectrum for spherical micro and nano
particles before and after laser absorption of Argon
laser 507nm
12. The variation of the Hardness due to absorption
variation along the sample of spherical particles
13. The variation of the Hardness due to absorption
variation along the sample of cylindrical particles
10th
International Conference on
Electrical Engineering
ICEENG-10
14. The laser output power after absorption by micro
and nano particles at different volume fractions of
particles
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 17 35 50 65
percentage of the treated spherical particles (volume%)
Outputpoweaftertransmissionfromthe
samples(watt)
15. The output power of the laser irradiated samples
10th
International Conference on
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ICEENG-10
16. Conclusions:
The spectroscopy analysis before and after laser irradiation at power of 500MW as source of excitation.
Raman spectra shows the following types of changes with irradiation:-
a-The disappearance of same peak.
b-Shift in the peak position.
c-The dependence of some parameters in addition to the activation energy and crystalline on the irradiation power shows different behavior.
-The fiber glass is the element which absorb laser irradiation, the zero percentage fiber glass samples produces almost no change in the Raman spectrum before and after irradiated.
Transparent material allow the laser light to go throw the structure easily, but this type of polymers do not affected by absorption of ultra violet light so it is seem to be suitable binding material.
There is reasonable change in the Raman spectrum of the samples which have the same length to diameter ratio (size) but different amount of fibers.
The laser energy is very high, this high energy rating is stored inside the material, This is the main cause of improvement in the mechanical properties.
the mechanism of laser irradiation as a tool of improving mechanical properties is similar to the cold working mechanism which store mechanical energy in the atoms and the mechanical properties is improved
but in lasers the photon energy is absorbed by atoms and stored inside the structure and also cause significant improvement in the mechanical properties.
10th
International Conference on
Electrical Engineering
ICEENG-10