The motherboard connects all components in a computer and contains slots for the CPU, RAM, graphics card, and connections for other components like storage drives and power supply. The CPU processes data and has a fan to prevent overheating. RAM temporarily stores data for the CPU and determines performance. Hard drives permanently store large amounts of data that can be accessed through the operating system. Graphics cards display visuals on the computer and better ones allow for gaming. Power supplies take electricity from wall outlets and distribute different voltages to components through cables.