Comparetive account of limb fore limb and hind limb
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#Comparetive account of limb skeleton system #MSc student as well as bsc student #comparetive account of limb # amphibia # reptile..etc
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Comparative Anatomy of the Limb
Define comparative anatomy.
Classifiy the phylum chordata.
Discuss the limb development of tetrapods.
Describe the features of tetrapods.
Explain the structure and function of the limb of tetrapods.
Discuss homology and analogy in relation to the limb of tetrapods.
Presented by Dr. Farhana Taher Sumya
Guided by Dr. Zinnat Ara Yesmin
Metamorphosis in Insects
There are three types of insect development: holometabolous (complete metamorphosis from larva to pupa to adult), hemimetabolous (partial metamorphosis from nymph to adult), and ametabolous (no metamorphosis from pronymph to adult). In holometabolous insects, imaginal cells develop into adult structures during the pupal stage through programmed cell death of larval cells and differentiation of imaginal discs, controlled by the hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone. Ecdysone triggers molting and metamorphosis while juvenile hormone prevents metamorphosis and ensures additional larval stages; in the final larval stage, low juvenile hormone allows ecdysone to
Comparative Anatomy - Integumentary System
1. The document outlines different types of glands found in the skin, including simple and compound tubular and saccular glands.
2. Examples of simple tubular glands given are sweat glands and ceruminous glands, while mammary glands are identified as compound tubular glands.
3. The skin of mammals is described as the most complex, with two main layers - the epidermis and dermis, along with associated structures like hair, claws/nails, and glands.
Comparative Anatomy - Respiratory System
The respiratory system allows organisms to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. Respiration includes ventilation, external respiration where gases are exchanged with the environment, and internal respiration where gases are exchanged at the tissue level. The main respiratory organs are lungs, gills, and in some cases skin or gas bladders. Lungs are found in air-breathing vertebrates like mammals and birds, using an aspiration pump for ventilation. Gills are found in fish and some aquatic amphibians and function via various water pumping mechanisms. Skin respiration also occurs in some amphibians.
Vertebrate respiratory system
Dr. P.B.Reddy provides an overview of the comparative anatomy of the vertebrate respiratory system. The document discusses why animals need to breathe and defines internal and external respiration. It then describes the key characteristics and functions of respiratory organs across different vertebrate groups, including fish, amphibians, reptiles and others. Specific structures are examined such as gills, lungs and the mechanisms of gas exchange that occur.
Regeneration sat
Regeneration involves the reactivation of development to restore missing tissues through various mechanisms. Epimorphic regeneration occurs when differentiated cells dedifferentiate to form an undifferentiated blastema which then proliferates and redifferentiates into the new structure. Salamanders regenerate limbs through epimorphosis by forming a blastema beneath the wound epidermis/apical ectodermal cap. Blastema cells require both nerves and growth factors from the apical ectodermal cap to proliferate. Patterning molecules like retinoic acid and Hox genes help reestablish proximal-distal patterning in the regenerating limb.
Birds, evolutionary prospective
This document discusses the evolution of birds from reptiles. It notes that birds are classified as Aves and have adaptations for flight like wings, feathers, and airspaces in bones. Archaeopteryx is identified as an important early bird that lived 150 million years ago - it had feathers but also claws and a long tail, indicating its reptilian ancestry. The document then discusses how early birds may have evolved flight through gliding and using wings to capture insects before full flight developed. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence of the evolution between reptiles and modern avian traits.
Communication in Animals
Animal communication allows for the transfer of information between animals. It can occur through visual, auditory, chemical, and mechanical channels. Visual signals include changes in coloration, posture, and facial expressions. Auditory signals involve the production of sounds through vocalizations or other noises. Chemical signals include pheromones that are detected by smell. Honest signals are more likely when the interests of the signaler and receiver are aligned, the signal reveals inherent qualities of the signaler that cannot be faked, producing the signal is costly, or dishonesty can be detected. Dishonest signals are more probable when the interests of the signaler and receiver differ or assessing signals is difficult.
Recommended
Comparative Anatomy of the Limb
Define comparative anatomy.
Classifiy the phylum chordata.
Discuss the limb development of tetrapods.
Describe the features of tetrapods.
Explain the structure and function of the limb of tetrapods.
Discuss homology and analogy in relation to the limb of tetrapods.
Presented by Dr. Farhana Taher Sumya
Guided by Dr. Zinnat Ara Yesmin
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There are three types of insect development: holometabolous (complete metamorphosis from larva to pupa to adult), hemimetabolous (partial metamorphosis from nymph to adult), and ametabolous (no metamorphosis from pronymph to adult). In holometabolous insects, imaginal cells develop into adult structures during the pupal stage through programmed cell death of larval cells and differentiation of imaginal discs, controlled by the hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone. Ecdysone triggers molting and metamorphosis while juvenile hormone prevents metamorphosis and ensures additional larval stages; in the final larval stage, low juvenile hormone allows ecdysone to
Comparative Anatomy - Integumentary System
1. The document outlines different types of glands found in the skin, including simple and compound tubular and saccular glands.
2. Examples of simple tubular glands given are sweat glands and ceruminous glands, while mammary glands are identified as compound tubular glands.
3. The skin of mammals is described as the most complex, with two main layers - the epidermis and dermis, along with associated structures like hair, claws/nails, and glands.
Comparative Anatomy - Respiratory System
The respiratory system allows organisms to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. Respiration includes ventilation, external respiration where gases are exchanged with the environment, and internal respiration where gases are exchanged at the tissue level. The main respiratory organs are lungs, gills, and in some cases skin or gas bladders. Lungs are found in air-breathing vertebrates like mammals and birds, using an aspiration pump for ventilation. Gills are found in fish and some aquatic amphibians and function via various water pumping mechanisms. Skin respiration also occurs in some amphibians.
Vertebrate respiratory system
Dr. P.B.Reddy provides an overview of the comparative anatomy of the vertebrate respiratory system. The document discusses why animals need to breathe and defines internal and external respiration. It then describes the key characteristics and functions of respiratory organs across different vertebrate groups, including fish, amphibians, reptiles and others. Specific structures are examined such as gills, lungs and the mechanisms of gas exchange that occur.
Regeneration sat
Regeneration involves the reactivation of development to restore missing tissues through various mechanisms. Epimorphic regeneration occurs when differentiated cells dedifferentiate to form an undifferentiated blastema which then proliferates and redifferentiates into the new structure. Salamanders regenerate limbs through epimorphosis by forming a blastema beneath the wound epidermis/apical ectodermal cap. Blastema cells require both nerves and growth factors from the apical ectodermal cap to proliferate. Patterning molecules like retinoic acid and Hox genes help reestablish proximal-distal patterning in the regenerating limb.
Birds, evolutionary prospective
This document discusses the evolution of birds from reptiles. It notes that birds are classified as Aves and have adaptations for flight like wings, feathers, and airspaces in bones. Archaeopteryx is identified as an important early bird that lived 150 million years ago - it had feathers but also claws and a long tail, indicating its reptilian ancestry. The document then discusses how early birds may have evolved flight through gliding and using wings to capture insects before full flight developed. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence of the evolution between reptiles and modern avian traits.
Communication in Animals
Animal communication allows for the transfer of information between animals. It can occur through visual, auditory, chemical, and mechanical channels. Visual signals include changes in coloration, posture, and facial expressions. Auditory signals involve the production of sounds through vocalizations or other noises. Chemical signals include pheromones that are detected by smell. Honest signals are more likely when the interests of the signaler and receiver are aligned, the signal reveals inherent qualities of the signaler that cannot be faked, producing the signal is costly, or dishonesty can be detected. Dishonest signals are more probable when the interests of the signaler and receiver differ or assessing signals is difficult.
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of Insects
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Locomotion in protozoa sj
This document discusses different types of locomotion in protozoa, including amoeboid locomotion, flagellar locomotion, and ciliary locomotion. It provides details on the structure and movement of pseudopodia, flagella, and cilia. Several theories are described for the mechanism of amoeboid movement, including the sol-gel theory, molecular folding and unfolding theory, and fountain zone contraction theory. The key differences between flagella and cilia are also outlined.
structure and function of insect respiratory system
structure and function of insect respiratory system and also various modifications in respiratory systems in terrestrial and aquatic insects
Metamorphosis in insects
There are three main types of metamorphosis in insects: ametabolous, gradual (incomplete), and complete. Ametabolous insects like springtails undergo simple growth without morphological changes between immature and adult stages. Gradually metamorphosing insects like grasshoppers change gradually through nymph stages that resemble adults. Completely metamorphosing insects like butterflies undergo a dramatic transformation through distinct larva and pupa stages before emerging as adults. The production and cessation of juvenile hormone by the corpora allata gland controls whether an insect remains immature or undergoes metamorphosis into an adult form.
Lungs and Air Sacs in Birds
Images taken from following website!
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdrespiration.html
Lungs and air sacs in birds
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This document discusses the classification of mammals. It begins by covering the subclass Prototheria, including the characteristics and two surviving orders - Monotremata which includes the platypus and echidnas. The subclass Theria is then discussed, including the infraclass Metatheria which contains the order Marsupialia. Key details are provided on the characteristics of marsupials, including their short gestation periods and young rearing their young in pouches. Examples like koalas and opossums are provided. Their geographic ranges and habitats are also summarized.
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This document summarizes the respiratory system of insects. It describes how insects obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide through a system of internal air-filled tubes called tracheae that branch throughout the body and connect to external openings called spiracles. The document outlines the different types of respiratory organs in insects including spiracles, tracheae, and air sacs. It also describes the mechanisms of gas exchange and different types of respiration in aquatic versus terrestrial insects.
Comparative Anatomy of Digestive System of Vertebrates
This document provides an overview of the comparative anatomy of the digestive system across different vertebrates. It describes the basic components and functions of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and associated glands like the liver and pancreas. The key differences in digestive anatomy are often correlated with differences in diet, such as whether the food is readily absorbed or requires extensive breakdown, and whether the food supply is constant or scattered. Examples of digestive systems from various vertebrates like fish, frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals are then described in more detail.
Respiratory system of insects ppt
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Malphigian tubules
Malphigian tubules are excretory organs found in insects like cockroaches and crabs. They are located between the foregut and hindgut and excrete waste in the form of uric acid while also helping with osmoregulation. The tubules have a fine, sometimes coiled tubular structure consisting of three regions - a distal region that is small and contractile, a middle region that is the largest and contains two cell types, and a proximal region that drains pre-urine to the hindgut.
Law of limiting factors
This document discusses limiting factors in ecosystems. It defines limiting factors as environmental factors that restrict the growth, abundance, or distribution of a population. The main limiting factors discussed are food supply, available space, keystone species, predators, and energy. It provides examples of how population size is determined by the carrying capacity of the environment, which is limited by factors like food, water, habitat, and mates. Density-dependent limiting factors depend on population density, while density-independent factors do not. Single limiting factors limit a system directly, while co-limiting factors do so indirectly by increasing the effect of another limiting factor.
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
Comparative Anatomy of Respiratory System of Vertebrates
The document discusses the comparative anatomy of the respiratory systems of various vertebrates. It describes how respiration occurs through the skin, gills, lungs, and gas bladders in different organisms. It explains key differences in respiratory structures between cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and jawless fishes. Mechanisms of gas exchange are covered for fishes, as well as respiratory organs and processes for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Order thysanura (silver fish)
Silverfish are small, wingless insects that feed on starches and sugars. They have long antennae and move in a wiggling motion. Silverfish lay eggs in cracks and crevices, and go through many molts during their multi-year lifecycles. Though primarily nocturnal and found worldwide in damp areas, some domestic species can damage household goods by feeding on materials like paper and cloth. Integrated pest management of silverfish involves both physical controls like dehumidification and vacuuming, as well as borate-based chemical treatments.
Integument
This document discusses the comparative anatomy of the integument and its derivatives in vertebrates. It describes the general structure of skin, which consists of an outer epidermis and inner dermis layers. The epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium that provides protection, while the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and sensory structures. Major derivatives of the integument discussed include epidermal glands, scales, claws/nails/hooves, horns, feathers, and hair. The integument and its derivatives have evolved to suit the environment and provide functions like protection, thermoregulation, sensation, and identification.
Flight adaptations in birds
Birds have many adaptations for flight including feathers that are light and reduce drag, hollow bones to decrease weight, strong flight muscles, and other anatomical features like fused vertebrae and sternums that provide rigidity. Their circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems are also highly specialized to support the high energy demands of flight, with large hearts, lungs with air sacs, and high calorie diets. These extensive morphological and anatomical adaptations allow birds to achieve powered flight and maneuverability in the air.
Regeration
Regeneration is the ability of some animals to regrow or replace damaged or lost body parts. It occurs through two main types - reparative regeneration which repairs damage, and restorative regeneration which regrows entire structures. Mechanisms include epimorphic regeneration which adds new cells, and morphallaxis which reorganizes existing cells. Many invertebrates like hydra and planaria can fully regenerate from fragments. Among vertebrates, salamanders are most capable of regeneration, regrowing entire limbs through wound healing, blastema formation, and cell differentiation. Factors like temperature, age, and radiation can influence the regeneration process.
TAXONOMIC PROCEDURES.pptx
This document discusses the taxonomic procedures for collecting, preserving, and identifying specimens. It outlines the key steps as collection, preservation, curetting, and identification. For collection, it describes various techniques like nets, traps, and digging. Preservation methods include wet preservation in formalin or alcohol and dry preservation for some specimens. Curetting involves cataloging and storing specimens. Identification determines the species of each organism based on morphology. The overall goal of these taxonomic procedures is to systematically classify organisms.
Integumentary derivative
vertebrate integument and its derivative
development general structure and function of integument and its derivative
gland, scales,horns, claws,nails, hooves, feathers and hairs.
13 premedical motor_mechanism
The document summarizes key aspects of the human skeletal system including its functions of support, movement, protection and blood cell production. It describes the main components of the skeletal system such as bones, joints and ligaments. It provides classifications of bones, joints and muscles. Key facts presented include that the adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and examples of the different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints.
2. Organization of the body FULL pp.pptx
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The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Locomotion in protozoa sj
This document discusses different types of locomotion in protozoa, including amoeboid locomotion, flagellar locomotion, and ciliary locomotion. It provides details on the structure and movement of pseudopodia, flagella, and cilia. Several theories are described for the mechanism of amoeboid movement, including the sol-gel theory, molecular folding and unfolding theory, and fountain zone contraction theory. The key differences between flagella and cilia are also outlined.
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Images taken from following website!
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdrespiration.html
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This document summarizes the respiratory system of insects. It describes how insects obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide through a system of internal air-filled tubes called tracheae that branch throughout the body and connect to external openings called spiracles. The document outlines the different types of respiratory organs in insects including spiracles, tracheae, and air sacs. It also describes the mechanisms of gas exchange and different types of respiration in aquatic versus terrestrial insects.
Comparative Anatomy of Digestive System of Vertebrates
This document provides an overview of the comparative anatomy of the digestive system across different vertebrates. It describes the basic components and functions of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and associated glands like the liver and pancreas. The key differences in digestive anatomy are often correlated with differences in diet, such as whether the food is readily absorbed or requires extensive breakdown, and whether the food supply is constant or scattered. Examples of digestive systems from various vertebrates like fish, frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals are then described in more detail.
Respiratory system of insects ppt
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Malphigian tubules
Malphigian tubules are excretory organs found in insects like cockroaches and crabs. They are located between the foregut and hindgut and excrete waste in the form of uric acid while also helping with osmoregulation. The tubules have a fine, sometimes coiled tubular structure consisting of three regions - a distal region that is small and contractile, a middle region that is the largest and contains two cell types, and a proximal region that drains pre-urine to the hindgut.
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Silverfish are small, wingless insects that feed on starches and sugars. They have long antennae and move in a wiggling motion. Silverfish lay eggs in cracks and crevices, and go through many molts during their multi-year lifecycles. Though primarily nocturnal and found worldwide in damp areas, some domestic species can damage household goods by feeding on materials like paper and cloth. Integrated pest management of silverfish involves both physical controls like dehumidification and vacuuming, as well as borate-based chemical treatments.
Integument
This document discusses the comparative anatomy of the integument and its derivatives in vertebrates. It describes the general structure of skin, which consists of an outer epidermis and inner dermis layers. The epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium that provides protection, while the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and sensory structures. Major derivatives of the integument discussed include epidermal glands, scales, claws/nails/hooves, horns, feathers, and hair. The integument and its derivatives have evolved to suit the environment and provide functions like protection, thermoregulation, sensation, and identification.
Flight adaptations in birds
Birds have many adaptations for flight including feathers that are light and reduce drag, hollow bones to decrease weight, strong flight muscles, and other anatomical features like fused vertebrae and sternums that provide rigidity. Their circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems are also highly specialized to support the high energy demands of flight, with large hearts, lungs with air sacs, and high calorie diets. These extensive morphological and anatomical adaptations allow birds to achieve powered flight and maneuverability in the air.
Regeration
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TAXONOMIC PROCEDURES.pptx
This document discusses the taxonomic procedures for collecting, preserving, and identifying specimens. It outlines the key steps as collection, preservation, curetting, and identification. For collection, it describes various techniques like nets, traps, and digging. Preservation methods include wet preservation in formalin or alcohol and dry preservation for some specimens. Curetting involves cataloging and storing specimens. Identification determines the species of each organism based on morphology. The overall goal of these taxonomic procedures is to systematically classify organisms.
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Similar to Comparetive account of limb fore limb and hind limb
13 premedical motor_mechanism
The document summarizes key aspects of the human skeletal system including its functions of support, movement, protection and blood cell production. It describes the main components of the skeletal system such as bones, joints and ligaments. It provides classifications of bones, joints and muscles. Key facts presented include that the adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and examples of the different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints.
2. Organization of the body FULL pp.pptx
MmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
skeletel system part 2.pptx
The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and scapulae. The upper limbs are divided into the arm, forearm, and hand. The arm contains the humerus, while the forearm contains the radius and ulna. The hand includes carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs and supports pelvic organs, consisting of paired hip bones and the sacrum fused from three bones in adults. The lower limbs are divided into the thigh, leg, and foot. The thigh
Skeletal System
The skeletal system provides structure and protection to the body. It is made up of bones and cartilage that work together with muscles. The skeletal system has two main divisions - the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the bones of the shoulders, hips, arms, and legs. Bones come in different shapes and sizes and serve important functions like support, protection, movement, and storing minerals. The skeletal system is vital for overall health and well-being.
Humanskeletalsystem 091101004224-phpapp02
The document provides information about the human skeletal system including:
1) It describes the two main parts of the vertebrate skeletal system - the axial skeleton which includes the skull, spine and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, hips and legs.
2) It outlines the different bones that make up the human skull including the cranium, facial bones, and auditory ossicles. It also discusses the structure of typical vertebrae and describes the different regions of the vertebral column.
3) It provides details on other bones such as the ribs, sternum, pelvis and the bones that make up the upper and lower limbs. It concludes with an overview of the
Mammalian Skeleton
The mammalian skeleton is an endoskeleton located inside the body. It is made up of bones and cartilage and is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, ribs and sternum, and vertebral column. The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and limb girdles. The skeleton provides structure and protection to the body and aids in movement.
Muskuloskltone
The skeletal system includes 206 bones that provide structure, protection, movement and support for the body. The bones are made of cells, proteins and minerals. There are two types of skeleton - axial (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and appendicular (shoulder, pelvis, arms, legs). The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement, with muscles connecting to bones via tendons. Key functions include protection of organs, blood cell production, calcium storage and enabling movement.
Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system comprises the bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons and ligaments in the body. It provides form, support and movement. The muscular system includes voluntary and involuntary muscles that enable movement and maintain posture. The skeletal system comprises bones and joints, including 206 bones that make up the framework of the body. Bones are classified as flat, irregular, long or short. Joints include fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints like the ball and socket hip joint that allow movement. Together the musculoskeletal system provides structure, movement and protection to the body.
Skeletal system
The skeletal system functions to support the body, allow for movement, and protect internal organs. There are two types of skeletons - endoskeletons found in vertebrates which are inside the body, and exoskeletons which are outside. The human skeletal system is made up of the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton including the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones provide structure through their composition of both spongy and compact bone tissue. Joints allow for movement and come in several types including immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable joints.
ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN SKELETON POWERPOINT
The document provides an outline for a presentation on the anatomy of the human skeleton. It describes the skeletal system as being divided into the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the extremities. It provides details on the types of bones, joints, microscopic structure of bones, and the individual bones that make up the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and extremities. The functions of the skeleton and common conditions that can affect it are also discussed.
Skeletal system
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, and joints. It provides structure, protection, movement, and blood cell production. There are two types of bones - compact and cancellous - and three types of cartilage - hyaline, fibrous, and elastic. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs). Joints allow movement between bones. Together, the skeletal system performs vital functions for the human body.
Comparative account of axial and appendicular skeleton of amniots
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy ... Appendicular Skeleton. Appendicular skeleton ... 5 - Tetrapods - tendency for reduction in number of dermal bones ... distal row = 5 distal carplas numbered 1 through 5 (starting on thumb, or radial, side).
Bones and Joints.pdf
This document provides an overview of the skeletal system and joints in the human body. It discusses the main parts of the skeletal system including bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments. It then describes the different classifications of bones based on shape and different bone tissues. The document outlines the main functions of bones and different bone related diseases. It also discusses the different types of joints based on structure and movement, and common inflammatory conditions that can affect joints.
Chapter05 121204002529-phpapp01
The document provides information on human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structure and function of several body systems including:
1) The skeletal system, describing the bones and joints of the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, upper and lower extremities.
2) The muscular system, including skeletal muscles and their attachment to bones.
3) The respiratory system, outlining the structures of the upper and lower airways, lungs, and muscles of breathing.
4) The circulatory system, detailing the anatomy of the heart, arteries, veins, and blood as well as the physiology of blood pressure and circulation.
5) An overview of the nervous system, distinguishing between the central and peripheral nervous systems
MSS-pdf.pdf
The musculoskeletal system includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and connective tissues. It provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement via bones and muscles, and protects internal organs. There are over 200 bones in the human body that can be categorized as long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, or sesamoid bones. Joints such as synovial joints allow for movement between bones. Ligaments and tendons connect muscles to bones to facilitate movement. The three types of muscles are skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
Skeletal system
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. ... The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints. New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones.
LEC # 02 Skeleton.pdf
The document summarizes key aspects of the locomotor system and skeleton. It describes the skeleton's main functions of providing shape, support, protection and movement. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton of the limbs. Typical long bones have a shaft, ends, and growth plate. Bones are classified based on shape and composition. Key markings and structures of bones are also defined.
Anatomy and PhysiologySkeletal system II
The document discusses the structure and components of the skeletal system, including the different regions of the spine, ribs, and bones that make up the axial skeleton. It also describes the shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, hand, pelvis, leg, ankle, and foot bones that compose the appendicular skeleton. Finally, it covers the different types of joints that connect bones and allow for movement.
Joko re modified
The document discusses the comparative anatomy of the skeletal system across vertebrates. It provides details on the skeletal system of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The skeletal system evolved for support and movement on land. Key adaptations include the diapsid skull in reptiles and birds, fused bones and reduction of weight in birds, and the presence of both axial and appendicular skeleton in most vertebrate groups.
Anatomy of hand and wrist.ppt
The document summarizes the anatomy of the hand and wrist. It describes that the hand consists of 27 bones divided into phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals. The carpals are further divided into the proximal and distal rows. The phalanges include proximal, middle, and distal bones in the fingers and two bones in the thumb. The forearm contains the radius and ulna bones. The wrist joint is formed where the carpal bones articulate with the radius proximally and metacarpals distally.
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Comparative account of axial and appendicular skeleton of amniots
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Comparetive account of limb fore limb and hind limb
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY PRESENTATION ON – COMPARATIVE LIMB OF VERTIBRATE PRESENTED BY- NAGESHWAR KULDEEP MSC-1 sem GUIDED BY-Dr. MAJID ALI SIR
- 2. COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF LIMB 1.Introduction 2. Definition 3.Type of limb 4.Comparetive study of limb 5.Conclution 6.Refrence
- 3. Introduction •A limb or extremity is a jointed bodily apndage that human and many animal use for locomotion such as walking ,runing, and swimming or for prehensile grasping or climbing in the human body arms and legs are commonly called upper limb and lower limbs •The supporting frame work to maintain body shape, protection of internal organs against external hazards and to maintain characteristic topography of organ is called Skeleton.• The skeletal system is broadly divided into two groups 1 Axial skeleton 2 Appendicular skeleton.• The axial skeleton lies in the long axis and it includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.• The appendicular skeleton lies in the transverse axis and it includes the girdle and the limbs.
- 4. Definition :- A limb is a jointed appendage of a humans or other animal’s body any of the paireds parts (such an arm ,wing or leg )of an animal that stick out from the body and are used mostly in moving and grasping .
- 5. •The fore limbs of vertebrates are of the typical pentadactyle type. • They are built on the same fundamental plan. But they are variously modified in different vertebrates to suit the mode of life •They form a homologous organ. • Following elements present in all vertebrates fore limbs. Comparison of fore limbs
- 6. limb Fore limb Humerus Radius and ulna Bone ofmanus Wrist bones Palm bones Digits Hind limb first segment femur Second segment tibia fibula Third segment tarsals metatarsal phalanges
- 7. Comparetive account of fore limb bird amphibians Reptile Mammals
- 8. Mammals Reptiles birds amphibians Uper arms humerus Only bone in upper arm This is long and strong bones upper end is counded caled head Rode like slightly bone It small but rounded Fore arm Redio- ulna •Firmly held together by ligament •Redius -small •Separate bone •Radius -thin •Separat e bone •Radius –thin, small Form the elbow to the wrist there is joint bone called radio ulna it is union of two bones •Alna-longer •Deep line •Joint wrist •8 small bones •2 rows present • 10 small bones •Three rows •First -3 •middle -1 carpals • 3 carpals •6 small bones –carpels
- 9. m r b a Wrist First rows-3 carpals Second rows -5 •Distal row - 5 •Distal epiphysis ----------------- •Arranged – 2 rows •Proximal row -3 carpals •Second line -3 palm Metacarpals • 5 metacarpals •Thumb -2 •Fingers – long bones ,called phalanges ----------------- --- •Carpo metacarpus –this bone is made up of two ladenlike bones •First – smaller and more errect •Second – strong,straig ht rod •Third- • 4 bones •1 pollex •4 joined on metacarpuls
- 10. Hind limbs bones :- • the hind limb bones include femar , tibio-fibula ,tarsal and metatarsal and
- 11. Amphibians
- 12. Bones amphibian Reptiles Birds Mamals femur •This is the bone of hind limb •Proximal end is rounded •This is the bone of thigh •Thick --------------------- --- •Long and hard bone with large rounded protrusion Tibio-fibula •joinet bone formed by the union •Grove in whole lenth •Tibio fibula is long strong bone •Sepretd bone •Strong •Fibula- westigid •Tibio –tarsals with tarsal •End me joint •Tarsals •Ankle bone –very long •It happen in two line •First row calcanium •Outer side – astragalus • •There are 5 tarsals •Two in proximal row and three dorsal row ---------------- •Ankals bone -6 • 2 astrogets • 4 metacarpals
- 13. Conclution :- Abov analysis show that the fore limb and hind limb are important part of any animal which help walking, swimming and running which is very important in animals life . Refrence :- 1) Vertebrate life By-willian N. ferland 1)R.P UNIFIEED By-dr.R.S. SAXENA