medical

1. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Boon college

2. THE PECTORAL GIRDLE
• The pectoral girdle, or
shoulder girdle, consists of a
1. clavicle anteriorly and
2. a scapula posteriorly

3. Clavicles
• Also known as collar bone

4. Scapulae
• The scapulae, or shoulder blades, are thin, triangular flat bones
located on the dorsal surface of the ribcage,

5. THE UPPER LIMB
• They are grouped into bones of the :
1. Arm: between the shoulder and elbow only
2. Forearm: between the elbow and the wrist
3. hand:

6. ARM
• humerus is the only bone
of the arm.

7. Forearm
• are two parallel long
bones, the radius and
ulna. Ulna is longer
than the radius

8. Hand
• The skeleton of the hand includes:
1. the bones of the carpus, or wrist;
2. the bones of the metacarpus, or palm; and
3. the phalanges, or bones of the fingers

10. Carpus
• The carpus contains eight short bones.
• In the proximal row, from lateral (thumb side) to medial, are:
• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum
• pisiform

11. • the distal row, from lateral to medial, are:
• the trapezium
• trapezoid ,
• capitate
• and hamate.
• Sally Left The Party To Take Carmen Home.

12. Metacarpus
• There are Five metacarpals bones
• are numbered I to V, from thumb to little finger.
Phalanges of the Fingers
• The digits, or fingers, are numbered I to V beginning with the thumb.
• With the exception of the thumb, each finger has three phalanges:
• proximal, middle, and distal
• The thumb has no middle phalanx.

13. THE PELVIC GIRDLE
• The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports
the visceral organs of the pelvis.
• The pelvic girdle consists:
1. paired hip bones and the
2. sacrum (part of the axial skeleton).

14. • During childhood, it consists of three separate bones:
1. ilium,
2. ischium, and
3. Pubis
• In adults, these bones are fused.

17. THE LOWER LIMB
• The lower limbs carry the entire weight of the erect body and
experience strong forces when we jump or run.
• The three segments of the lower limb are the
1. thigh,
2. the leg, and
3. the foot

18. Thigh
• The femur is the single
bone of the thigh.
• It is the largest, longest,
strongest bone in the
body.

19. Leg
• part of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle.
• Two parallel bones, the tibia and fibula, form the skeleton of the leg
• The tibia, located medially, is more massive than fibula.
• The tibia articulates with the femur to form the knee joint,
• and with the talus bone of the foot at the ankle joint.
• The fibula does not contribute to the knee joint and merely helps
stabilize the ankle joint.

21. Foot
• The skeleton of the foot includes the
1. bones of the tarsus,
2. the bones of the metatarsus,
3. and the phalanges, or toe bones

22. Tarsus
• makes up the posterior half of
the foot and contains seven
bones called tarsals.

23. Metatarsus
• consists of five small long bones
called metatarsals.
• These bones are numbered I to V
beginning on the medial side of the
foot.

24. Phalanges of the Toes
• There are 14 phalanges of the toes.
• There are three phalanges in each digit except the great toe , which
has only two phalanges.
• named
1. proximal,
2. middle,
3. distal phalanges.

25. Joints
• where two or more bones meet to allow movement.
• Most common joints are:
• Glenohumeral joint(shoulder).
• Elbow joint.
• Wrist joint.
• Hip joint.
• Knee joint.
• Ankle joint

26. Muscle tissue
• composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract
in order to produce movement of the body parts
• Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
2. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
3. Smooth Muscle Tissue

27. Functions of Muscle Tissue
• Produce movement.
• Maintain posture and stabilize joints.
• Generate heat.

29. THANKS….