The document discusses the World Health Organization's goal of "Health for All" by the year 2000. It was established in 1977 with the aim of attaining a basic level of health that allows people to live productive lives. The strategy involved strengthening primary healthcare infrastructure at the village, sub-center, primary health center, and community health center levels. It also outlined a primary healthcare package and specific health goals for India to reduce mortality and birth rates while increasing life expectancy. The national strategy for achieving Health for All built upon the principles of primary healthcare established at Alma-Ata in 1978.
Health care organization system is vital link for maintain good coverage at all over the India for delivering quality assurance work to people of community.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
Health care organization system is vital link for maintain good coverage at all over the India for delivering quality assurance work to people of community.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
health is a state of complete physical, mental, social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
to reduce the consequences of ill- health.
3. revised determinants of health and health care systemDr Rajeev Kumar
This session focuses on the fundamental concepts of health prevention, cure, and promotion. a variety of rehabilitations Palliative care is a term that refers to the treatment of patients who are suffering from life threatening diseases. We discussed the levels of the health care system: health sub centre, PHC, CHC, and tertiary health care system. introduction of Ayushman Bharat.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
5. GOAL OF WHO
• Health For All is the main social
goal of governments and WHO.
6. • It is the attainment by all the
people of the world by the year
2000 AD “a level of health that
will permit them to lead a
socially and economically
productive life”.
7. • This goal has come to be
popularly known as “Health For
All by 2000 AD”.
8. BACKGROUND OF THE
PHILOSOPHY
• The background of this philosophy
was the unacceptably low levels of
health status of the world’s
population especially the rural
poor and gross disparities in health
between the rich and poor, urban
and rural population.
9. CONCEPT OF HFA
• The essential concept of “EQUITY
IN HEALTH” i.e., all people
should have an opportunity to
enjoy good health.
11. • The global strategy provides a
global framework that is broad
enough to apply to all member
States and flexible enough to be
adapted to national and regional
variations of conditions and
requirements.
12. • This was followed by each
member countries developing
their own strategies for
achieving HFA and synthesis of
national strategies for
developing regional strategies.
13. • The WHO has established 12
global indicators as the basic
point of reference for assessing
the progress towards HFA.
14. E.g., a minimum life expectancy
of 60 years and maximum IMR of
50 per live births.
15. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR
HFA/2000
• As a signatory to the Alma-Ata
Declatation in 1978, the Govt of
India was committed to taking
steps to provide HFA to its
citizens by 2000 AD.
16. • In pursuance of this objective
various attempts were made to
evolve suitable strategies and
approaches.
• In this connection two important
reports appeared.
17. • 1. Report on the Study Group on
“Health Fror All- an alternative
strategy”, sponsored by ICSSR
and ICMR.
18. • 2. Report of Working Group on
“Health For All by 2000 AD”
sponsored by the Ministry of
Health and family Welfare, Govt
of India.
19. • Both the groups considered in
great detail the various issues
involved in providing primary
health care in the Indian context.
20. • These reports formed the basis
of the National health Policy
formulated by the Ministry of
Health & family Welfare, Govt of
India in 1983 which committed
the Govt and people of India to
the achievement of HFA.
21. • The National Health Policy
echoes the WHO call for HFA and
the Alma- Ata Declaration.
• It has laid down specific goals in
respect of the various health
indicators by different dates such
as 1990, and 2000 AD.
22. • Foremost among the goals to be
achieved by 2000 AD were :
1. Reduction of IMR from the level
of 125 (1978) to below 60.
23. 2. To raise the expectation of life
at birth from the level of 52
years to 64.
3. To reduce the crude death rate
from the level of 14 per 1000
pop to 9 per 1000 pop.
24. 4. To reduce the crude birth rate
from the level of 33 per 1000
pop to 21.
5. To achieve a net reproduction
rate of one.
25. 6. To provide portable water to
the entire rural population.
26. NATIONAL STRATEGY
FOR HFA
• The Govt of India recognized and
strengthened the infrastructure
to implement primary health
care.
• The infrastructure is as follows :
27. 1. VILLAGE HEALTH POST
• In plain area, there is one Village
health Post (VHP) for 1000 pop
and in hilly & tribal areas for 500
pop.
Cont…
28. • Each VHP is manned by 1 Trained
Birth Attendant (TBA) and 1
Village Health Guide (VHG).
• There is also 1 Anganwadi
worker.
29. 2. SUBCENTRE
• In plain area, there is provision
of 1 Health Subcentre (HSc) for
5000 pop and in tribal & hilly
areas 1 HSc for 2500-3000 pop.
Cont…
30. • Each HSc is manned by 1 Health
Worker Female (HW), {Auxillary
Nurse Midwife (ANM)} and 1
Health Worker (M) and 1 part
time attendant.
31. 3. PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE
• There is provision of one Primary
Health centre (PHC) for every
30,000 pop in plain areas and 1
PHC for every 25,000 pop in
tribal and hilly areas.
Cont..
32. PHC-STAFFING
MEDICAL OFFICER 1
NURSE MIDWIFE 1
PHARMACIST 1
HEALTH ASSISTANT (F) 1
HEALTH ASSISTANT (M) 1
PHC HAS 4-6 BEDS AND SOME DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES
39. 5. HEALTH POST IN
URBAN SLUMS
• There is a provision of 1 Health
Post for 5000 pop in urban
slums.
40. 6. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PACKAGE
• Primary Health are package
which is considered suitable and
accepted for HFA by 2000 AD is
under :
Cont….
41. • Universal promotion of
promotive, preventive and basic
curative services.
• Health education of people.
Cont…
42. • Health care services to
vulnerable group of people i.e.,
children and women, eligible
couples etc.,
• Prevention and control of
endemic communicable
diseases.
Cont…
43. • Promotion of food supply and
improvement of nutritional
status.
• Provision of protected water
supply and sanitary disposal of
excreta.
Cont…
51. 1978 - PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
• The concept of Primary Health
Care came in to lime light in
1978 following the Alma-Ata
declaration (USSR).
52. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
• “Essential health care based on
practical, scientific and
technology made universally
accessible to individuals and
families in the
community….cont…
53. Cont…
• through their full participation
and at a cost that the community
and the country can afford to
maintain at every stage of their
development in the spirit of self
determination”.
54. CONCEPT OF PRIMARY
HEALTH
• The concept of primary health
involves a concerted effort to
provide the rural population of
developing countries with at
least the bare minimum of
health services.
59. COMPONENTS OF PHC –
ALMA ATA
• INCLUDES…
ATLEAST THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS…..
60. ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
1.Education concerning prevailing
health problem & the methods
of preventing & controlling
them.
2.Promotion of food supply &
proper nutrition.
61. 3.An adequate supply of safe
water & basic sanitation.
4.Maternal & child health care,
including family planning.