Health maintenance refers to any activity or behavior undertaken primarily for the purpose of protecting or assuring current level of health. It is activities that preserve an individuals present state of health and also prevents occurence of disease and injury. It consist of surveillance , level of preventions and health education .

1. MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH
By:Rakhi panwar

2. INTRODUCTION:
Health maintenance refers to any
activity Or behaviour undertaken
primarily for the Purpose of protecting
or assuring current level of health.

3. Definition of health according to
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION:

4. DEFINITION:
•Behaviour directed toward maintaining a
current level of health.
• “Health maintenance refers to the
activities that preserve an individuals
presents state of health and also prevents
occurance of disease and injury.”

5. Factors affecting
our health ?

6. •Diet/nutrition
•Exercise
•Sleep
•Hygiene(personal &
environmental)

8. • A healthy diet includes a variety of plant and Animal
based foods that provides nutrients to the body .
• Macronutrients are consumed relatively in large quantities
inclues proteins, carbohydrate and fats
• Micronutrients: vitamin and minerals in relatively smaller
quantities
• The MEDITERRANEAN diet is commonly associated
with health promoting effects.(reduce risk of chronic
diseases).

9. Dietary goals(Recommended by WHO)
• Junk food should be avoided
• Fats and alcohol should be restricted.
• Salt intake should be not more than 5g/day
• Protein should Account for 10% of daily intake
• Carbohydrate rich in natural fibre should be taken
(excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates
should be avoided)

11. • Physical exercise enhances or maintain physical fitness
and overall health and wellness.
• It strengthens one’s bones and muscles and improve the
cardiovasular systems.
• According to national institutes of health there are 4
types of exercises:endurance ,flexibility, strength and
balance.
• The CDC states that physical exercise can reduce the risk
of heart diseases, Cancer, type-2 DM, Obesity,
depression, anxiety, high bp.

13. AGE & CONDITION
• Newborn(0-3 months)
• Infants(4-11 months)
• Toddler(1-2 years)
• Preschoolers(4-5years)
• School age children(6-13years)
• Teenagers(14-17years
• Adults(18-64 years)
• Older adults(65<)
SLEEP NEEDS
• 14-17 hours
• 12-15 hours
• 11-14 hours
• 10-13 hours
• 09-11 hours
• 08-10 hours
• 07-09 hours
• 07-08 hours

15. HYGIENE:
• personal hygiene practices to prevent
infection and illness, such
as bathing and washing hands with
soap; brushing and flossing teeth; storing,
preparing and handling food safely; and
many others.

16. Steps towards
maintenance
of health :

17. HEALTH PROMOTION
Health maintenance
Health Screening
or surveillance
Disease
prevention
Health
education and
counselling

18. • Health maintenance focuses on Known
potential health risks and seeks to prevent
them or identify them early so that
interventions can occur.
• Health promotion looks at the strengths and
goals of individuals ,families and populations
and seeks to use them to assist in reaching
higher level of wellness.

19. (A)DISEASE PREVENTION:
“Activities designed to protect patients or the
members of public from actual or potential
health threats and their harmful consequences.”
OR
“prevention is the action aimed at eradicating,
eliminating or minimizing the impact of
disease and disability.”

20. Level of prevention :
(1)Primordial prevention
(2)Primary prevention
(3)Secondary prevention
(4)Tertiary prevention

21. (B) SURVEILLANCE:
Continuous scrutiny of factors that
determines occurrence and distribution of
disease.
Examples:Epidemiological surveillance ,
demographic surveillance ,nutritional
surveillance and sentinel surveillance.

22. OBJECTIVE:
•health Planning
•Control of disease
•Data on new and changing trends
•to provide timely warnings

23. TYPES:
(i)ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE
(ii)PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE
(iii) SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE

24. (i) ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE
•health workers actively goes to house every
fortnight to detect cases and collect data.
Mostly used when diseases is targated for
eradication and elimination
Example :leprosy,Neonatal tetanus .

25. (ii) PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE
•Data is itself reported to health system passively.
•Example :patients coming to PHC ,CHC and
private practitioner .
•Disease like : mumps, diphtheria and hepatitis
•Less expensive

26. (iii) SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE :
• It’s a study of disease rates in a specific population
to estimate trends in larger population .
• Minimizes : reporting bias (true morbidity is
measured )
• Done for HIV

27. OBJECTIVE:
• to identify missing cases and
supplementing the notified cases
•old + new cases

28. (C) HEALTH EDUCATION
“Process by which individual and groups
of people learn to behave in a manner
which is conductive to the promotion and
maintenance or restoration of health.”

29. Aims and objectives:
•Encourage people to adopt and sustain
Health promoting lifestyle
•Promote the proper use of health service
•To promote skills and change attitude .

30. Changing concept of health education :
OLD
• Prevention of disease
• Modification of
individual behavior
• Community
participation
NEW
• Promotion of healthy
lifestyle
• Modification of social
environment
• Community involvement
and self reliance .

31. Role of community health
workers/nurses in health maintenance :

32. • Community health services are classified into:
• Preventive health services such as
chemoprophylaxis for Tuberculosis, cancer
screening and treatment
of diabetes and hypertension.
• Promotive health services such as Health
education, family
planning, vaccination and nutritional
supplementation

33. • Curative health services such as treatment
of jiggers, lice infestation, Malaria and Pneum
onia.
• Rehabilitative health services such as
provision of prosthetics, Social
work, Occupational therapy, Physical
therapy, Counselling and other Mental health
services.

35. Community health volunteers provide the
most basic services such as distribution
of Water chlorination tablets, mosquito
nets, Health education material and etc.