Communication Protocol - R.D.Sivakumar
•
0 likes•32 views
This document discusses communication protocols on the Internet. It explains that the Internet uses packet switching to transmit data, breaking it into packets that can be sent through different routes and reassembled at the destination. It describes how TCP/IP works, with TCP breaking data into packets and ensuring intact delivery, and IP routing packets to destination IP addresses. TCP/IP is responsible for making the Internet function efficiently through this packet transmission and routing.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
NETWORK AND INTERNET SECURITY
Network Security protects your network and data from breaches, intrusions and other threats. ... Network Security involves access control, virus and antivirus software, application security, network analytics, types of network-related security (endpoint, web, wireless), firewalls, VPN encryption and more.
Application layer protocol - Electronic Mail
This document discusses electronic mail (email) architecture and protocols. It describes four common email scenarios involving different configurations of users, user agents, mail transfer agents, and mail access agents. It then covers email services provided by user agents, email address formats, MIME for attaching different file types, and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4. The most common scenario involves two user agents, two pairs of mail transfer agents, and a pair of mail access agents to allow senders and receivers connected to mail servers via a LAN or WAN to exchange emails.
CN
This document provides an overview of email and telnet. It defines email as allowing users to exchange messages through a user agent program. It describes the basic components and processes for sending, receiving, and addressing emails. It also discusses email security protocols and mailing lists. For telnet, the document explains that it allows remote logging into another computer through a network virtual terminal. It compares local versus remote logging and describes basic telnet user commands.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics.
One of the earliest examples of a computer network was a network of communicating computers that functioned as part of the U.S. military's Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar system. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were connected as part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) project. It is this network that evolved to become what we now call the internet.
Networks are used to:
Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc.
Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner
Enable file sharing across the network
Allow for the sharing of software or operating programs on remote systems
Make information easier to access and maintain among network users
There are many types of networks, including:
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Personal Area Networks (PAN)
Home Area Networks (HAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Campus Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
Enterprise Private Networks
Internetworks
Backbone Networks (BBN)
Global Area Networks (GAN)
The Internet
Network Protocols KS4
KS4 Year 10 MS PowerPoint Presentation on Network Protocols, specifically the Application Layer Protocols.
Osi
The document discusses the seven layers of the OSI model: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. It provides details on the functions of the Physical, Data Link, and Network layers, including framing bits, error control, addressing, encapsulation, and routing. The Transport layer establishes connections between applications on different hosts. The top three layers (Session, Presentation, Application) deal with coding/decoding data and establishing communication between applications.
Wan
The document describes an experiment on connecting computers in a wide area network (WAN) using Cisco Packet Tracer. The experiment involves 19 computers, 7 switches, 1 router, 2 servers, 2 clouds, and various connection types. It defines a WAN as a network that aggregates different link types and speeds across large geographic areas like cities and countries. There are two main types of WANs: switched and point-to-point. The largest example of a WAN is the Internet, and other examples include bank ATM networks.
OSI MODEL
1. The OSI model is a standard reference model that defines the functions of a networking system by separating it into 7 layers.
2. Each layer has a specific role and provides services to the layer above it. Data moves down the layers at the sending device and up at the receiving device.
3. The model was developed in 1984 by ISO to provide a common way of designing and implementing communication between any two systems using a network. It aims to make networks more flexible, efficient and easy to maintain.
Recommended
NETWORK AND INTERNET SECURITY
Network Security protects your network and data from breaches, intrusions and other threats. ... Network Security involves access control, virus and antivirus software, application security, network analytics, types of network-related security (endpoint, web, wireless), firewalls, VPN encryption and more.
Application layer protocol - Electronic Mail
This document discusses electronic mail (email) architecture and protocols. It describes four common email scenarios involving different configurations of users, user agents, mail transfer agents, and mail access agents. It then covers email services provided by user agents, email address formats, MIME for attaching different file types, and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4. The most common scenario involves two user agents, two pairs of mail transfer agents, and a pair of mail access agents to allow senders and receivers connected to mail servers via a LAN or WAN to exchange emails.
CN
This document provides an overview of email and telnet. It defines email as allowing users to exchange messages through a user agent program. It describes the basic components and processes for sending, receiving, and addressing emails. It also discusses email security protocols and mailing lists. For telnet, the document explains that it allows remote logging into another computer through a network virtual terminal. It compares local versus remote logging and describes basic telnet user commands.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics.
One of the earliest examples of a computer network was a network of communicating computers that functioned as part of the U.S. military's Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar system. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were connected as part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) project. It is this network that evolved to become what we now call the internet.
Networks are used to:
Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc.
Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner
Enable file sharing across the network
Allow for the sharing of software or operating programs on remote systems
Make information easier to access and maintain among network users
There are many types of networks, including:
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Personal Area Networks (PAN)
Home Area Networks (HAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Campus Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
Enterprise Private Networks
Internetworks
Backbone Networks (BBN)
Global Area Networks (GAN)
The Internet
Network Protocols KS4
KS4 Year 10 MS PowerPoint Presentation on Network Protocols, specifically the Application Layer Protocols.
Osi
The document discusses the seven layers of the OSI model: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. It provides details on the functions of the Physical, Data Link, and Network layers, including framing bits, error control, addressing, encapsulation, and routing. The Transport layer establishes connections between applications on different hosts. The top three layers (Session, Presentation, Application) deal with coding/decoding data and establishing communication between applications.
Wan
The document describes an experiment on connecting computers in a wide area network (WAN) using Cisco Packet Tracer. The experiment involves 19 computers, 7 switches, 1 router, 2 servers, 2 clouds, and various connection types. It defines a WAN as a network that aggregates different link types and speeds across large geographic areas like cities and countries. There are two main types of WANs: switched and point-to-point. The largest example of a WAN is the Internet, and other examples include bank ATM networks.
OSI MODEL
1. The OSI model is a standard reference model that defines the functions of a networking system by separating it into 7 layers.
2. Each layer has a specific role and provides services to the layer above it. Data moves down the layers at the sending device and up at the receiving device.
3. The model was developed in 1984 by ISO to provide a common way of designing and implementing communication between any two systems using a network. It aims to make networks more flexible, efficient and easy to maintain.
The osi layers and ethernet protocols
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was developed in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization to establish a common framework for computer network architecture. The seven-layer OSI model describes the functions of a networking system without regard to specific technologies. It helped standardize network communication and allowed networks using different vendors to interconnect. The model defines the flow of data between two communicating entities and the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with electrical signals to the application layer handling inter-process communication.
IMD 251 - Networking
Networking involves connecting electronic devices like computers to share resources and communicate. It allows devices to share internet access, hardware like printers, files and folders, and play multiplayer games. Networks use various topologies like star, bus or mesh to connect devices via physical cables or wireless links, and network protocols allow the connected devices to communicate according to shared rules.
Network Protocols in the internet
The document discusses network protocols used on the internet across multiple layers, from physical to application. Lower layers generate bit codes to transmit data while upper layers present information to end users. Protocols like MAC addresses and IP are used at different OSI model layers by network devices like routers and switches. Understanding new internet technologies like fiber networks and rapidly changing protocols is challenging but possible for those with an attitude open to change who understand the technologies.
OSI and TCP/IP Model
The document provides information on the OSI model and TCP/IP model, which are reference models for network communication. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers - network access, internet, transport, and application layer. Each layer has a specific function, with lower layers dealing with physical delivery of data and higher layers dealing with end-to-end connections and application-specific tasks.
Lesson4.7 u4 l2 network redundancy
The document discusses network redundancy and how it makes the internet reliable. It explains that the internet has many redundant connections between physical systems, so even if part of the network fails, information can still reach its destination through alternative routes. This redundancy increases the internet's fault tolerance and allows it to scale up as more devices and users join the network. The document also contains learning objectives, essential knowledge, and questions about a network diagram.
cyber security (TCP / IP)
cyber security presentation presented in nirma university
by Tanuj Jhankal.
it is a presentation made on TCP IP protocol for M.TECH Electrical Course
Sept 2017 network standards and models
The document discusses network standards and models including:
- Network communication involves recognizing data, dividing it into chunks, and adding information to determine source/destination and for error checking before sending.
- Standards are needed for hardware/software from different vendors to communicate through standard protocols that control tasks like these.
- There are formal standards developed by standards bodies and de facto standards that emerge in the marketplace.
- Key networking standards organizations that develop standards through specification, identification of solutions, and acceptance processes are ANSI, IEEE, ISO, and ITU.
1.3.2a modelos de referencia
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite for data and computer communications. It describes the OSI model as a layered approach where each layer performs a subset of communication functions and relies on the layer below. It also discusses elements of standardization like protocol specifications, service definitions, and addressing. The document outlines the seven layers of the OSI model and four layers of the dominant TCP/IP protocol architecture.
Lesson4.9 b u4l3 ip addresses
The document discusses how IP addresses and routers allow devices to connect and communicate over the Internet. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks connected at routers. Each device requires a unique IP address, and routers use IP addresses to route traffic between subnetworks. While devices have unique IP addresses, most computers share a single public IP address using a router at home or work.
Networking
The document discusses various networking concepts including computer networking, networking benefits, network topologies, network devices, protocols, and security measures. It defines computer networking as the connection between two or more computers and discusses how networking enables information sharing, hardware and software sharing, and centralized administration. It also outlines different network topologies like peer-to-peer, client-server, local area networks, and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses network devices, cables, protocols, and security measures like firewalls and proxy servers.
Ieee
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for electrical and electronics engineers with over 420,000 members across 160 countries. The IEEE 802 standards deal with local and metropolitan area networks, specifically those carrying variable-size packets, and map to the lower two layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee maintains the IEEE 802 family of standards, including widely used Ethernet and Wireless LAN standards.
Basics concept of network and internet mansi
network, computer network, topology of network, types of computer network,OSI model, TCP/IP model, concept of internet, internet service provider, email
Networking Models
This PPT was prepared as part of a virtual group discussion during our Third Yr Engineering. It touches on some computer networking topics briefly.
Network
A network connects two or more computers that can share resources, exchange files, and communicate electronically. Computers on a network can be connected by cables, phone lines, wireless technologies, or other methods. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) that span a small area like a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that are larger than LANs but smaller than wide area networks (WANs), and WANs that connect across large geographical areas and can connect smaller networks together over long distances.
Computer networking
This file is about the networking system. All the theory and pictures of Networking with complete detail. Like and share it
Thank you so much for your Kindness
#Faisal Shahzad Khan
Experimental analysis of channel interference in ad hoc network
In recent times, the use of ad hoc networks is a common research area among a researcher. Designing an
efficient and reliable network is not easy task. Network engineer faces many problems at the time of
deploying a network such as interference; Signal coverage, proper location of access point etc. channel
interference in one of them which must be considered at the time of deploying WLAN indoor environments
because channel interference impacts the network throughput and degrade the network performance.
In this experiment, we design a two WLAN BSS1 and BSS2 and investigate the impact of interference on
nodes. BSS1 contains three FTP clients and BSS2 contains two FTP client and their jobs is to upload data
to FTP Server Initially, they are far from each other. BSS1 moves toward BSS2 and after some time at
particular position both BSSs overlaps to each other. When BSSs overlaps to each other interference is
high and decrease network performance and increase upload time.
Lesson 7
This document discusses network software and protocols. It covers two main types of network software: network operating systems and network protocols. It provides examples of network operating systems like UNIX, Windows NT, Linux, Novell NetWare, and Windows 2000. It also discusses the seven-layer OSI model and provides examples of protocols at the application, transport, and network layers, such as SMTP, FTP, TCP, IP, and SPX.
computer network
The document discusses layered tasks and the OSI model. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. Each layer has a specific role like the physical layer deals with bit transmission, data link layer deals with frame transmission, network layer deals with packet delivery between hosts, transport layer deals with reliable message delivery between processes, and the application layer provides services to users. The TCP/IP protocol suite is similar to the OSI model but has 5 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, and application layer. Network communication involves different addressing at each layer like physical addresses, IP addresses, and port numbers.
Lecture2
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of communication. It was developed by ISO in 1984 to establish a common way for diverse communication systems to interconnect. Each layer performs a specific task, passing data to the next layer. Data moves down the layers at the source and up at the destination, with each layer adding header information. This layered approach separates functions and makes the network easier to manage and troubleshoot. The TCP/IP model is also discussed as an alternative networking framework.
Osi model
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of abstraction to establish communication between devices. The 7 layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. Each layer provides services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. Data moves down the layers as it is encapsulated with protocol information and back up as headers are stripped at the receiving end. The model separates networking functions and standardizes how systems communicate over a network.
Basic Elements in Networking - R.D.Sivakumar
Three basic elements are required for all networks: network services, transmission media, and protocols. Network services are provided through computer hardware and software combinations and require data, resources, and power. Transmission media provides the pathway for computers to connect and exchange messages. Protocols are sets of rules and standards that allow different devices to communicate effectively.
Internet Connections and Its Protocols - R D Sivakumar
This document discusses internet connections and protocols. It explains that an internet connection requires a computer, telephone line, modem, and internet service provider (ISP). The ISP maintains the user's account using a unique username and password. Common web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer are used to access websites by entering URLs. Protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, Telnet, and SMTP allow devices to communicate over the internet and transfer files and emails. TCP/IP breaks data into packets and ensures intact delivery. HTTP is used for communication between web servers and clients, while HTTPS provides security. FTP transfers files, Telnet enables remote login, and SMTP transfers emails between systems.
More Related Content
What's hot
The osi layers and ethernet protocols
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was developed in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization to establish a common framework for computer network architecture. The seven-layer OSI model describes the functions of a networking system without regard to specific technologies. It helped standardize network communication and allowed networks using different vendors to interconnect. The model defines the flow of data between two communicating entities and the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with electrical signals to the application layer handling inter-process communication.
IMD 251 - Networking
Networking involves connecting electronic devices like computers to share resources and communicate. It allows devices to share internet access, hardware like printers, files and folders, and play multiplayer games. Networks use various topologies like star, bus or mesh to connect devices via physical cables or wireless links, and network protocols allow the connected devices to communicate according to shared rules.
Network Protocols in the internet
The document discusses network protocols used on the internet across multiple layers, from physical to application. Lower layers generate bit codes to transmit data while upper layers present information to end users. Protocols like MAC addresses and IP are used at different OSI model layers by network devices like routers and switches. Understanding new internet technologies like fiber networks and rapidly changing protocols is challenging but possible for those with an attitude open to change who understand the technologies.
OSI and TCP/IP Model
The document provides information on the OSI model and TCP/IP model, which are reference models for network communication. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers - network access, internet, transport, and application layer. Each layer has a specific function, with lower layers dealing with physical delivery of data and higher layers dealing with end-to-end connections and application-specific tasks.
Lesson4.7 u4 l2 network redundancy
The document discusses network redundancy and how it makes the internet reliable. It explains that the internet has many redundant connections between physical systems, so even if part of the network fails, information can still reach its destination through alternative routes. This redundancy increases the internet's fault tolerance and allows it to scale up as more devices and users join the network. The document also contains learning objectives, essential knowledge, and questions about a network diagram.
cyber security (TCP / IP)
cyber security presentation presented in nirma university
by Tanuj Jhankal.
it is a presentation made on TCP IP protocol for M.TECH Electrical Course
Sept 2017 network standards and models
The document discusses network standards and models including:
- Network communication involves recognizing data, dividing it into chunks, and adding information to determine source/destination and for error checking before sending.
- Standards are needed for hardware/software from different vendors to communicate through standard protocols that control tasks like these.
- There are formal standards developed by standards bodies and de facto standards that emerge in the marketplace.
- Key networking standards organizations that develop standards through specification, identification of solutions, and acceptance processes are ANSI, IEEE, ISO, and ITU.
1.3.2a modelos de referencia
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite for data and computer communications. It describes the OSI model as a layered approach where each layer performs a subset of communication functions and relies on the layer below. It also discusses elements of standardization like protocol specifications, service definitions, and addressing. The document outlines the seven layers of the OSI model and four layers of the dominant TCP/IP protocol architecture.
Lesson4.9 b u4l3 ip addresses
The document discusses how IP addresses and routers allow devices to connect and communicate over the Internet. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks connected at routers. Each device requires a unique IP address, and routers use IP addresses to route traffic between subnetworks. While devices have unique IP addresses, most computers share a single public IP address using a router at home or work.
Networking
The document discusses various networking concepts including computer networking, networking benefits, network topologies, network devices, protocols, and security measures. It defines computer networking as the connection between two or more computers and discusses how networking enables information sharing, hardware and software sharing, and centralized administration. It also outlines different network topologies like peer-to-peer, client-server, local area networks, and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses network devices, cables, protocols, and security measures like firewalls and proxy servers.
Ieee
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for electrical and electronics engineers with over 420,000 members across 160 countries. The IEEE 802 standards deal with local and metropolitan area networks, specifically those carrying variable-size packets, and map to the lower two layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee maintains the IEEE 802 family of standards, including widely used Ethernet and Wireless LAN standards.
Basics concept of network and internet mansi
network, computer network, topology of network, types of computer network,OSI model, TCP/IP model, concept of internet, internet service provider, email
Networking Models
This PPT was prepared as part of a virtual group discussion during our Third Yr Engineering. It touches on some computer networking topics briefly.
Network
A network connects two or more computers that can share resources, exchange files, and communicate electronically. Computers on a network can be connected by cables, phone lines, wireless technologies, or other methods. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) that span a small area like a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that are larger than LANs but smaller than wide area networks (WANs), and WANs that connect across large geographical areas and can connect smaller networks together over long distances.
Computer networking
This file is about the networking system. All the theory and pictures of Networking with complete detail. Like and share it
Thank you so much for your Kindness
#Faisal Shahzad Khan
Experimental analysis of channel interference in ad hoc network
In recent times, the use of ad hoc networks is a common research area among a researcher. Designing an
efficient and reliable network is not easy task. Network engineer faces many problems at the time of
deploying a network such as interference; Signal coverage, proper location of access point etc. channel
interference in one of them which must be considered at the time of deploying WLAN indoor environments
because channel interference impacts the network throughput and degrade the network performance.
In this experiment, we design a two WLAN BSS1 and BSS2 and investigate the impact of interference on
nodes. BSS1 contains three FTP clients and BSS2 contains two FTP client and their jobs is to upload data
to FTP Server Initially, they are far from each other. BSS1 moves toward BSS2 and after some time at
particular position both BSSs overlaps to each other. When BSSs overlaps to each other interference is
high and decrease network performance and increase upload time.
Lesson 7
This document discusses network software and protocols. It covers two main types of network software: network operating systems and network protocols. It provides examples of network operating systems like UNIX, Windows NT, Linux, Novell NetWare, and Windows 2000. It also discusses the seven-layer OSI model and provides examples of protocols at the application, transport, and network layers, such as SMTP, FTP, TCP, IP, and SPX.
computer network
The document discusses layered tasks and the OSI model. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. Each layer has a specific role like the physical layer deals with bit transmission, data link layer deals with frame transmission, network layer deals with packet delivery between hosts, transport layer deals with reliable message delivery between processes, and the application layer provides services to users. The TCP/IP protocol suite is similar to the OSI model but has 5 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, and application layer. Network communication involves different addressing at each layer like physical addresses, IP addresses, and port numbers.
Lecture2
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of communication. It was developed by ISO in 1984 to establish a common way for diverse communication systems to interconnect. Each layer performs a specific task, passing data to the next layer. Data moves down the layers at the source and up at the destination, with each layer adding header information. This layered approach separates functions and makes the network easier to manage and troubleshoot. The TCP/IP model is also discussed as an alternative networking framework.
Osi model
The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of abstraction to establish communication between devices. The 7 layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. Each layer provides services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. Data moves down the layers as it is encapsulated with protocol information and back up as headers are stripped at the receiving end. The model separates networking functions and standardizes how systems communicate over a network.
What's hot (20)
Experimental analysis of channel interference in ad hoc network
Experimental analysis of channel interference in ad hoc network
Similar to Communication Protocol - R.D.Sivakumar
Basic Elements in Networking - R.D.Sivakumar
Three basic elements are required for all networks: network services, transmission media, and protocols. Network services are provided through computer hardware and software combinations and require data, resources, and power. Transmission media provides the pathway for computers to connect and exchange messages. Protocols are sets of rules and standards that allow different devices to communicate effectively.
Internet Connections and Its Protocols - R D Sivakumar
This document discusses internet connections and protocols. It explains that an internet connection requires a computer, telephone line, modem, and internet service provider (ISP). The ISP maintains the user's account using a unique username and password. Common web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer are used to access websites by entering URLs. Protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, Telnet, and SMTP allow devices to communicate over the internet and transfer files and emails. TCP/IP breaks data into packets and ensures intact delivery. HTTP is used for communication between web servers and clients, while HTTPS provides security. FTP transfers files, Telnet enables remote login, and SMTP transfers emails between systems.
Internet 2.0
Internet 2.0 is a proposed global internetworking system that uses a higher-level protocol called the Transmission Media Adaptation Layer (TMAL) to provide interconnection and internetworking services over both IP data networks and global telephony systems. TMAL enables remote applications to communicate over a variety of interconnected network devices worldwide, either separately or concurrently. Internet 2.0 aims to provide a more secure internetworking environment compared to the current Internet (Internet 1.0) by establishing private, dedicated communication channels using existing telephony systems.
Presentation_1[1].pptx
Udit K Jain presented on practical networking training using Cisco Packet Tracer. He discussed networking concepts including how devices connect and share resources, common networking components like cables, routers, switches and hubs. He demonstrated creating end-to-end encrypted networks in Packet Tracer using IP addressing, MAC addressing and coding in the OSI model layers. Key networking topics covered included routing, switching, virtual private networks and the purpose of the CCNA certification in validating fundamental networking knowledge.
Networking Basics
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses the basics of LANs, MANs and WANs. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh. It also discusses the various components that make up a network including physical media, networking devices, computers, networking software and applications. The document is intended to provide a high-level overview of computer networks.
Lecture1
This document provides an introduction to computer networks presented by Navpreet Singh, the Network Manager at IIT Kanpur. It discusses the basics of computer networks including definitions, applications, topologies, components, protocols, and networking applications. The course content includes 16 lectures and 8 labs covering topics such as the OSI model, physical media, LAN and WAN technologies, IP addressing, routing, and practical configurations.
Introduction of computer networks
This document provides an introduction and overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that share resources. It discusses the history of computer networks including ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet. It also outlines the goals of computer networks such as resource sharing, high reliability, inter-process communication, and flexible access. Finally, it identifies some key hardware and software components that make up computer networks, including network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, modems, and different cable types.
Computer Communications - R D Sivakumar
This document discusses computer communications and networking. It defines computer communications as the transmission of data between computers using connections like telephone lines, microwaves, or radio links. It describes how networking allows large numbers of computers to be interconnected, sharing resources and information. The key elements required for networking are network services using hardware and software, transmission media as the pathway between devices, and protocols which establish communication rules. Examples of network applications include EDI, teleconferencing, banking, reservations, and telemedicine. Benefits of networking include ease of access, sharing, security, and reliability. The main types of networks covered are LANs, MANs, and WANs.
What are switches in a network.pdf
Network switches are networking devices that connect computers to a network and divide signals from computers into multiple signals to transmit to other connected computers. Switches work by recording the media access control (MAC) address of connected devices and using this to identify the source and destination of data packets in order to transmit them through the appropriate ports. Most switches provide full-duplex capability allowing simultaneous two-way transmission of data between connected devices to maximize bandwidth utilization and prevent network traffic collisions.
Ccna day1
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam including details about the exam such as number of questions, duration, passing score, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also provides an overview of networking concepts including the purpose of networking, networking devices, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, network topologies, LANs/WANs, virtual private networks, bandwidth, the OSI model, and IEEE 802 standards.
OSI Layering
This document provides information on layering in networked computing by discussing the OSI and TCP/IP models. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand the need for layering, the layers and protocols in each model, and how data is transmitted between layers and hosts. It then describes each layer in the OSI model and its functions. The TCP/IP model is also explained, comparing it to the OSI model by mapping its 4 layers to the 7 layers of OSI. Key protocols at each layer are identified and packet encapsulation in TCP/IP is demonstrated.
Ccna day1
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam and provides details about its format, benefits, and requirements. It then covers networking concepts like network devices, topologies, protocols, and the OSI model. Key points include that the CCNA exam tests knowledge of networking fundamentals, has multiple choice and simulation questions, and benefits career advancement. It also defines common network components, topologies, and each layer of the OSI model.
C C N A Day1
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam including details about the exam such as number of questions, duration, passing score, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also provides information about networking devices, topologies, standards, and the OSI model layers. Key topics covered include switches, routers, network topologies like star and bus, IEEE 802 standards, and an explanation of each of the seven layers of the OSI model.
Ccna day1
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam including details about the exam such as number of questions, duration, passing score, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also provides information about networking devices, topologies, protocols, and the OSI model layers. Key topics covered include switches, routers, network topologies like star and bus, the 7 layers of the OSI model and what each layer is responsible for, and how data is encapsulated as it moves through the layers from physical to application.
Internet basics and Cloud Computing- Manish Jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including hardware components, protocols, transmission media, and cloud computing. It defines modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, and switches as key hardware components. It explains protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, and how protocols work by breaking data into packets and ensuring consistent transmission and reception. The document also covers OSI layers, IP addressing, domain name servers, and types of cloud computing services.
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics Requriement
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including definitions of modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, switches, and leased lines. It then discusses hardware/software requirements, protocols, transmission media, and email in networking. It provides descriptions of common protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, frame relay, ATM, and sonet. It also discusses functions of protocols, how protocols work at sending and receiving computers, and differences between TCP and IP.
CN_lecture1.ppt
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
Introduction to computer networks
This presentation is on the basic concept of computer networks and has alot of significance for the beginners
lecture1_computer_networks_Introduction.ppt
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
OSI model (7 LAYER )
This document discusses layered network models, specifically the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It provides an overview of each layer in both models and their functions. The key points are:
- The OSI model defines 7 layers that break communication into smaller parts to simplify the process and allow different hardware/software to work together.
- The TCP/IP model has 4 layers - application, transport, internet, and network access. It is used widely on the internet.
- Each layer adds header information to data as it moves down the stack. This encapsulation allows communication between layers and across networks.
Similar to Communication Protocol - R.D.Sivakumar (20)
Internet Connections and Its Protocols - R D Sivakumar
Internet Connections and Its Protocols - R D Sivakumar
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics Requriement
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics Requriement
More from Sivakumar R D .
Internet - R D Sivakumar.
The document discusses the internet and its uses. It defines the internet as a network of networks and lists some common users as students, faculty, scientists, and executives. It also explains that the Internet Society and ICANN help govern and administer the internet by overseeing domain names. Additionally, it outlines email and how it is used to exchange messages and files between users. The document also briefly discusses the future of the internet and popular tools on the internet like the world wide web, which is a collection of web pages used for research, chatting, job searches and more.
Data Communication - R D Sivakumar
The document discusses data communication and transmission. It defines a Network Interface Card (NIC) as the device that coordinates data transfer. There are two forms of data transmission: analog and digital. Analog transmission sends continuous waveforms while digital transmission uses discrete 'on' or 'off' states represented by 1s and 0s. A modem is used to convert between analog and digital signals for transmission over telephone lines. Data transmission rates are measured in bits per second. There are three transmission modes: simplex for one-way communication, half duplex for two-way communication but only one direction at a time, and full duplex for simultaneous two-way communication.
NETWORK SERVICES - R D Sivakumar
The document provides information on common network services and network topologies. It describes file services, print services, message services, and application services that are available on networks. It also defines star, ring, bus, hybrid, and FDDI network topologies. The document was authored by R.D. Sivakumar, an assistant professor of computer science at Bell Institute in Sivakasi, India.
Online Data Protection - R D Sivakumar
This document discusses online data protection. It defines key terms like internet, data, protection, and web. It describes strategies for data protection like data security, availability, and access control. Specific security measures are outlined such as cryptography, encryption, decryption, passwords, two-step verification, and biometrics. Storage options for protecting data like Google Drive and Digi Locker are mentioned. The document also discusses topics like plagiarism checking, public/private keys, and encryption algorithms.
Software Engineering - R.D.Sivakumar
The document discusses various topics related to software development including types of software, project stages, software planning models, software design principles and concepts, modular design, design documentation, design methods and techniques, implementation, testing strategies, maintenance, and current trends. It provides definitions and descriptions of key terms and processes in software engineering.
Different Kinds of Internet Protocols - R.D.Sivakumar
This document discusses several common internet protocols: TCP/IP, which governs how data travels between machines across networks and forms the basis for the internet; FTP, which enables file transfers; HTTP, which underlies the world wide web; Telnet, which allows remote login to other computers; and WAIS, an early internet search protocol. Each protocol is defined and its basic function or purpose outlined in 1-2 sentences.
Internet - R.D.Sivakumar
This document discusses the basics of how the internet works and its applications. It covers how the internet allows people to communicate via email, chat, and newsgroups. It also explains how the internet enables accessing information through file transfer and browsing websites. Key components that make the internet function are discussed such as modems, servers, protocols, IP addresses, browsers, and search engines.
Electronic Publishing Tools for E-Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides an overview of an upcoming faculty development program on electronic publishing tools for e-learning. The program will cover understanding e-learning concepts, identifying e-learning tools, creating an e-book, developing an audio book, designing a website, creating QR codes, and obtaining an e-learning license. It then discusses various electronic publishing tools that can be used, including OpenOffice, Audacity, and websites for creating e-books, audio books, QR codes, and obtaining open licenses.
E-learning Packages - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint presentations. It discusses slide structure, fonts, colors, backgrounds, graphs, spelling/grammar, and conclusions. Specific recommendations include using point form, large fonts, simple backgrounds, titled graphs, and proofreading. The document also cautions against overly long text, small fonts, distracting colors/animation, and missing titles/legends.
Digital Communication - R.D.Sivakumar
This document discusses the basics of how the internet works including communicating with others through email and chatting, getting information by sending, receiving, finding and downloading various file types, and connecting to other computer systems using devices like modems and protocols. It also covers setting up an internet connection through an ISP, common web browsers, the fundamentals of websites and DNS, and using email and social networks.
Digigogy in Teaching - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides an agenda for a faculty development program on "Digigogy in Teaching". The FDP aims to teach participants how to develop digital teaching materials including creating an e-book, audio book, QR codes, and a blog. It discusses key concepts in digital learning such as types of e-learning (synchronous and asynchronous), advantages of e-learning, and free online resources for teachers. The document also provides guidance on designing effective digital content, including tips on slide structure, fonts, colors, and spelling/grammar.
Cyber Commerce Technology - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides an overview of cyber commerce technology and e-commerce. It discusses various types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C etc. It describes key concepts related to web commerce like client, server, web browser, protocols. Payment systems for e-commerce like cards, online payment systems are explained. Mobile commerce and its differences from e-commerce are highlighted. Security aspects like encryption and intruders are covered. Various online tools for website development like forms, translation, and visitor counting widgets are presented.
Video Lesson Creation - R.D.Sivakumar
R.D. Sivakumar is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Head of the M.Com.(CA) Department at Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College in Sivakasi, India. He is also a Technical Trainer at CTEL. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University and has been re-accredited with an 'A' grade by NAAC. It is also recognized as a Star College by DBT and a College of Excellence by UGC. In 2017, it ranked 13th nationally in NIRF. Sivakumar provides video lectures and tutorial websites like w3schools, Youtube and Teachertube to aid in learning.
Cognitive and Personal Dimensions of Cyber Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides information about an upcoming webinar on cognitive and personal dimensions of cyber learning. The webinar will cover topics like e-learning concepts, e-content development, creating an e-book and audio book, QR codes, and blogging. Attendees will learn how to use open source software for these tasks. The document also discusses digital learning trends like multi-tasking learners and the three E's of digital education - enabled, engaged and empowered. Additional sections cover the history of learning and types of e-learning like synchronous and asynchronous.
Innovative Presentation - R.D.Sivakumar
This document provides guidance on creating effective PowerPoint presentations. It discusses including an outline slide, using point form with 4-5 points per slide, showing one point at a time, using a minimum 18-point font size with title fonts larger, ensuring font color contrasts with backgrounds, using consistent backgrounds, properly formatting and titling graphs, and concluding by summarizing main points and inviting questions.
Open Source in E-Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
This document discusses open source tools for e-learning including Photoscape software, Google Translate, online widgets, e-learning licenses, Google Drive, online quizzes and assignments, and the Jotform online form builder. It provides links and information on setting up quizzes and assignments using these free online resources to facilitate digital learning. The document advocates using open source tools to create interactive online content for students in a cost effective manner.
Tuxpaint - R.D.Sivakumar
Tux Paint is a free, simple drawing program designed for young children. It has an easy-to-use interface with basic drawing tools like a paint brush, stamps, shapes, and text. The program supports multiple platforms and languages. It allows children to create drawings and save them to their computer. Tux Paint provides fun sound effects and templates to encourage creativity.
Academic Blog Design - R.D.Sivakumar
R.D. Sivakumar is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College in Sivakasi, India. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University and has been recognized and accredited by various organizations for its academic excellence. Sivakumar teaches computer science and heads the M.Com.(CA) department. He also trains faculty as a technical trainer at the Centre for Teacher Education and Learning (CTEL). His contact information, including email and websites containing his academic blog, are provided.
E-Video Lessons Preparation - R.D.Sivakumar
The document outlines the various stages involved in the preparation of online video lessons, including:
1. Selection of a topic and preparation of a write-up with identified plug-points for multimedia elements.
2. Conversion of the write-up into a pre-production technical script.
3. Downloading/creating necessary images, videos, animations and PowerPoint slides.
4. Rehearsing, shooting and post-production editing to integrate digital elements.
5. Hosting the developed e-content on the web and uploading the final video to YouTube.
Online Assessment Creation - R.D.Sivakumar
R.D. Sivakumar is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Head of the M.Com.(CA) Department at ANJAC College in Sivakasi, India. He has developed innovations in e-assessment using various e-learning software tools including HTML5, PowerPoint, Dreamweaver, Audacity, and open source programs. His systems allow for modules like homework assignments, quizzes, references, glossaries, and more to be integrated into a website for online education delivery and assessment. Visitor counting, language translation, licensing, and security features are also included.
More from Sivakumar R D . (20)
Different Kinds of Internet Protocols - R.D.Sivakumar
Different Kinds of Internet Protocols - R.D.Sivakumar
Electronic Publishing Tools for E-Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
Electronic Publishing Tools for E-Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
Cognitive and Personal Dimensions of Cyber Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
Cognitive and Personal Dimensions of Cyber Learning - R.D.Sivakumar
Recently uploaded
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Recently uploaded (20)
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Communication Protocol - R.D.Sivakumar
- 1. R.D.SIVAKUMAR, M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.Tech., Assistant Professor of Computer Science & Assistant Professor and Head, Department of M.Com.(CA), Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi – 626 124. Mobile: 099440-42243 e-mail : sivamsccsit@gmail.com website: www.rdsivakumar.blogspot.in COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
- 2. Internet is a packet switching network. The various packets are sent through a communication by different routes. Once the packets are arrive at the destination, the receiving computer re-assembles the packets in proper sequence. The packet switching is suitable for data transmission. The software that is responsible for making the Internet function efficiently is TCP/IP. TCP/IP is made up of two components. TCP stands for transmission control protocol and IP stands for Internet Protocol. TCP breaks up the data to be sent into little packets. It guarantees that any data sent to the destination computer reaches intact. It makes the process appear as if one computer is directly connected to the other providing what appears to be a dedicated connection. IP is a set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another. It is responsible for routing the packets to a desired destination IP address. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL