The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was developed in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization to establish a common framework for computer network architecture. The seven-layer OSI model describes the functions of a networking system without regard to specific technologies. It helped standardize network communication and allowed networks using different vendors to interconnect. The model defines the flow of data between two communicating entities and the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with electrical signals to the application layer handling inter-process communication.