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Conceptos Previos




William Stallings
Data and Computer Communications
OSI - The Model
A layer model
Each layer performs a subset of the required
 communication functions
Each layer relies on the next lower layer to
 perform more primitive functions
Each layer provides services to the next higher
 layer
Changes in one layer should not require
 changes in other layers
The OSI Environment
OSI as Framework for
Standardization
Layer Specific Standards
Elements of Standardization
Protocol specification
  Operates between the same layer on two systems
  May involve different operating system
  Protocol specification must be precise
     Format of data units
     Semantics of all fields
     allowable sequence of PCUs
Service definition
  Functional description of what is provided
Addressing
  Referenced by SAPs
OSI Layers (1)
Physical
  Physical interface between devices
     Mechanical
     Electrical
     Functional
     Procedural
Data Link
  Means of activating, maintaining and deactivating a
   reliable link
  Error detection and control
  Higher layers may assume error free transmission
OSI Layers (2)
Network
  Transport of information
  Higher layers do not need to know about underlying
   technology
  Not needed on direct links
Transport
  Exchange of data between end systems
  Error free
  In sequence
  No losses
  No duplicates
  Quality of service
OSI Layers (3)
Session
  Control of dialogues between applications
  Dialogue discipline
  Grouping
  Recovery
Presentation
  Data formats and coding
  Data compression
  Encryption
Application
  Means for applications to access OSI environment
Use of a Relay
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Dominant commercial protocol architecture
Specified and extensively used before OSI
Developed by research funded US Department
 of Defense
Used by the Internet
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture(1)
Application Layer
  Communication between processes or applications
End to end or transport layer (TCP/UDP/…)
  End to end transfer of data
  May include reliability mechanism (TCP)
  Hides detail of underlying network
Internet Layer (IP)
  Routing of data
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture(2)
Network Layer
  Logical interface between end system and network
Physical Layer
  Transmission medium
  Signal rate and encoding
PDUs in TCP/IP
Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite
1.3.2a modelos de referencia

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1.3.2a modelos de referencia

  • 1. Conceptos Previos William Stallings Data and Computer Communications
  • 2. OSI - The Model A layer model Each layer performs a subset of the required communication functions Each layer relies on the next lower layer to perform more primitive functions Each layer provides services to the next higher layer Changes in one layer should not require changes in other layers
  • 4. OSI as Framework for Standardization
  • 6. Elements of Standardization Protocol specification Operates between the same layer on two systems May involve different operating system Protocol specification must be precise Format of data units Semantics of all fields allowable sequence of PCUs Service definition Functional description of what is provided Addressing Referenced by SAPs
  • 7. OSI Layers (1) Physical Physical interface between devices Mechanical Electrical Functional Procedural Data Link Means of activating, maintaining and deactivating a reliable link Error detection and control Higher layers may assume error free transmission
  • 8. OSI Layers (2) Network Transport of information Higher layers do not need to know about underlying technology Not needed on direct links Transport Exchange of data between end systems Error free In sequence No losses No duplicates Quality of service
  • 9. OSI Layers (3) Session Control of dialogues between applications Dialogue discipline Grouping Recovery Presentation Data formats and coding Data compression Encryption Application Means for applications to access OSI environment
  • 10. Use of a Relay
  • 11. TCP/IP Protocol Suite Dominant commercial protocol architecture Specified and extensively used before OSI Developed by research funded US Department of Defense Used by the Internet
  • 12. TCP/IP Protocol Architecture(1) Application Layer Communication between processes or applications End to end or transport layer (TCP/UDP/…) End to end transfer of data May include reliability mechanism (TCP) Hides detail of underlying network Internet Layer (IP) Routing of data
  • 13. TCP/IP Protocol Architecture(2) Network Layer Logical interface between end system and network Physical Layer Transmission medium Signal rate and encoding
  • 15. Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite