network, computer network, topology of network, types of computer network,OSI model, TCP/IP model, concept of internet, internet service provider, email
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the need for computer communication over distances, defines data communication, and describes the key components and characteristics of data communication systems. It also covers various data representation methods, transmission media, network topologies, categories of networks including LANs, MANs and WANs, and the importance of protocols and standards in networking.
This document provides an introduction to data communication, networks, the Internet, and protocols. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission media. Networks are described as sets of connected devices that allow nodes to send and receive data. Key aspects of networks discussed include performance, reliability, security, physical structures, topologies, and categories such as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). The Internet is summarized as a global system of interconnected computer networks that allows for sharing of information. Protocols are defined as sets of rules that govern data communication by determining what is communicated, how, and when.
Computer Networks for Computer Science Studentrprajat007
This document provides information about data communication systems and their components. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
Data communication systems allow exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums like wires. Effective systems ensure delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy of the data, timely delivery, and minimal jitter or packet arrival variation. The core components of data communication systems include messages, senders and receivers, transmission mediums, protocols that establish communication rules, and various transmission modes like simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
Cn 04,32,36-Cn all chapters1- computer networks- gtuJay Patel
This document discusses computer network protocols and layered architectures. It explains that networks are designed with layered protocols to handle complexity. There are typically 5 layers, with each layer building on the one below it. Layers communicate with their peer layers on other nodes using protocols. Data passes through each layer, with each layer adding header information. This allows for standard interfaces between layers and symmetry of functions across nodes. The layered approach reduces design complexity and guides network implementation.
The document defines computer networks and distributed networks. It explains that computer networks allow devices to exchange data through connections. The main goals of computer networks are resource sharing and increasing reliability and performance. Some key applications of networks include accessing remote programs and databases, file sharing, streaming media, and information sharing over the internet. The document also defines data communication and its components. It explains that data communication refers to the exchange of data between a source and receiver. The major components are the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. Finally, the document discusses common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh and tree; and explains their advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and distributed systems. It defines a computer network as a set of devices connected by communication links that allow the exchange of information. A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear as a single system to users. The goals of networking are discussed as performance, reliability, security, resource sharing, cost reduction, and enabling communication. Peer-to-peer and client-server are presented as the main approaches for communication within a network. Finally, common network hardware such as nodes, network interface cards, hubs, switches, repeaters, and routers are defined.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
This document summarizes key concepts about computer networks:
1. It defines local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), noting that LANs connect computers that are physically close while WANs connect computers distributed beyond metropolitan areas.
2. It explains that networks allow computers to share files, resources, and programs. Servers contain shared resources and clients access those resources. Networks can be configured in a dedicated server model or peer-to-peer.
3. Essential networking hardware includes network interface cards, cables, hubs/switches, and software for connections and resource sharing. Wireless networks also connect devices without cables.
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the need for computer communication over distances, defines data communication, and describes the key components and characteristics of data communication systems. It also covers various data representation methods, transmission media, network topologies, categories of networks including LANs, MANs and WANs, and the importance of protocols and standards in networking.
This document provides an introduction to data communication, networks, the Internet, and protocols. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission media. Networks are described as sets of connected devices that allow nodes to send and receive data. Key aspects of networks discussed include performance, reliability, security, physical structures, topologies, and categories such as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). The Internet is summarized as a global system of interconnected computer networks that allows for sharing of information. Protocols are defined as sets of rules that govern data communication by determining what is communicated, how, and when.
Computer Networks for Computer Science Studentrprajat007
This document provides information about data communication systems and their components. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
Data communication systems allow exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums like wires. Effective systems ensure delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy of the data, timely delivery, and minimal jitter or packet arrival variation. The core components of data communication systems include messages, senders and receivers, transmission mediums, protocols that establish communication rules, and various transmission modes like simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
Cn 04,32,36-Cn all chapters1- computer networks- gtuJay Patel
This document discusses computer network protocols and layered architectures. It explains that networks are designed with layered protocols to handle complexity. There are typically 5 layers, with each layer building on the one below it. Layers communicate with their peer layers on other nodes using protocols. Data passes through each layer, with each layer adding header information. This allows for standard interfaces between layers and symmetry of functions across nodes. The layered approach reduces design complexity and guides network implementation.
The document defines computer networks and distributed networks. It explains that computer networks allow devices to exchange data through connections. The main goals of computer networks are resource sharing and increasing reliability and performance. Some key applications of networks include accessing remote programs and databases, file sharing, streaming media, and information sharing over the internet. The document also defines data communication and its components. It explains that data communication refers to the exchange of data between a source and receiver. The major components are the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. Finally, the document discusses common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh and tree; and explains their advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and distributed systems. It defines a computer network as a set of devices connected by communication links that allow the exchange of information. A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear as a single system to users. The goals of networking are discussed as performance, reliability, security, resource sharing, cost reduction, and enabling communication. Peer-to-peer and client-server are presented as the main approaches for communication within a network. Finally, common network hardware such as nodes, network interface cards, hubs, switches, repeaters, and routers are defined.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
This document summarizes key concepts about computer networks:
1. It defines local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), noting that LANs connect computers that are physically close while WANs connect computers distributed beyond metropolitan areas.
2. It explains that networks allow computers to share files, resources, and programs. Servers contain shared resources and clients access those resources. Networks can be configured in a dedicated server model or peer-to-peer.
3. Essential networking hardware includes network interface cards, cables, hubs/switches, and software for connections and resource sharing. Wireless networks also connect devices without cables.
This document provides an introduction to data communication and networking. It discusses analog and digital data, data communication, data flow including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex, and modems. It also covers local area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, network topologies including linear bus, star, tree and others. Finally, it discusses the OSI model and considerations for data communication networks including performance, consistency, reliability and recovery.
A computer network allows connected devices to exchange and share data through connections. There are different types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). A computer network requires hardware like network cards, cables, and connectivity devices to physically connect devices and allow communication using network protocols.
This document provides an overview of data communication and networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It also covers transmission media, common network topologies, network devices, IP addressing, servers, and how data travels between networked computers. The key topics presented include defining networks as connected computers that allow resource sharing and fast communication, describing common transmission media like cables and wireless signals, outlining network topologies like star, bus and ring configurations, and explaining how IP addresses and servers help manage data transmission between systems on a network.
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
The document discusses networking concepts such as the difference between the internet and a network, internetworking, internet protocols, internet architecture, TCP/IP models, address mapping protocols, dynamic host configuration protocol, and domain name system servers. It provides definitions and explanations of these topics, describing for example that the internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that uses common protocols like TCP/IP to connect devices, while a network is a set of devices connected locally.
This document discusses computer networks and the TCP/IP model. It begins by defining what makes a computer network and some common uses of networks like resource sharing, information sharing, communication, and distributed processing. It then explains the layers of the TCP/IP model including the network access, internet, transport, and application layers. The rest of the document details topics like how networks are physically connected, the network and data link layers, wired and wireless networking, switching vs hubs, IP addressing and subnets, ports and sockets, and finally provides a high-level overview of the process that occurs when visiting a website.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including the OSI model, TCP/IP model, IPv4 addressing, and subnet masking. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and some common protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, and FTP. It also explains the four layers of the TCP/IP model and compares it to the OSI model. IPv4 addressing supports unicast, broadcast, and multicast modes. IPv4 uses a hierarchical addressing scheme to divide IP addresses into network and host portions. Subnet masks are used to distinguish the network ID from the host portion of an IP address.
This power point presentation enhance the basic concept of networking. It also include the various models such as OSI models and little description of various layer features and functionality.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as two or more interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources. Computer networks enable communication and collaboration between individuals and organizations. They allow users to share hardware, software, data and perform centralized administration. Networks can be classified based on their scope, ownership, topology, transmission medium, connection management and transmission technology. Key network components include hardware like computers, cables and devices, as well as software like operating systems, applications, protocols and standards.
Full video explained in Hindi
Check youtube channel -
The Avi Security
basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions. basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Overview of data communication and networkingSisir Ghosh
The document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses the key components of data communication including senders, receivers, transmission media, messages, and protocols. It then describes different types of network connections and topologies including point-to-point, multipoint, bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid networks. Finally, it discusses network classification based on scale, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). The document also covers protocols, standards, and reference models like OSI and TCP/IP.
Windows network administration Basic theoriesRavi Yasas
This document contains information about networking concepts including cable types, topologies, network architectures, IP addressing, and Microsoft networking tools. It defines coaxial and twisted pair cables, and lists common network topologies like mesh, bus, ring, star and hybrid. It also explains the differences between a hub and switch, and between a workgroup and domain network architecture. The document provides details on IP addressing standards including public vs private IP ranges, static vs dynamic addressing, and IPv4 and IPv6 versions. It introduces tools like DNS, MMC, Group Policy and IIS that are used to manage Microsoft networks.
Modems convert digital signals to analog signals for transmission over phone lines and vice versa. They are classified by connection type and transmission mode. Functions include data compression, error correction, and flow control. TCP/IP is the standard communication protocol for the Internet and networks. It has application, transport, internet, and link layers. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet using browsers. It allows information sharing through URLs and hyperlinks.
Standards for providing Internet Services over Wireless NetworksManos Anastasiadis
Wireless networking technologies are now an integral part of modern people's everyday activities. This evolution was the result of the contribution of a series of open standards, designed and implemented with the cooperation of many people in international organizations. In this paper we will make a summary of these standards.
The IEEE 802 standards describe networking protocols for the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 committee develops these standards, with subcommittees focusing on specific technologies. The 802.5 standard defines Token Ring networks that use a logical ring topology and token passing to control access and prevent collisions. The 802.3 standard defines Ethernet networks that typically use a bus or star topology and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) for network access.
Lesson 5 data communication and networking (136 kb)IMRAN KHAN
This document introduces data communication and computer networks. It discusses how computer networking allows users to share data and programs between computers regardless of location. The objectives are to learn about the basic elements of data communication systems, communication protocols, transmission modes, computer networks, and network types. It describes the basic components of a communication system including a sender, medium, and receiver. Data communication involves the electrical or electromagnetic transmission of encoded data signals across communication channels or media.
This document discusses network protocols. It begins with an introduction and history of protocols and defines them as sets of rules that govern communications between devices on a network. Examples of common protocols are then outlined, including TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, UDP, and ICMP. The roles and functions of protocols are explained. Benefits include increased connectivity and transmission speed. The conclusion states that protocols have transformed human communication and networks will continue to evolve.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and networks. It discusses key topics such as data representation, data flow, characteristics of data communication like delivery and accuracy. It describes different network types including LAN, WAN, MAN. Network topologies like star, bus, ring and hybrid are explained. Protocols define rules for communication regarding what, how and when to communicate. Standards are agreed upon rules and are developed by standards organizations.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts across different layers of the networking model. It discusses that a network includes interconnected devices like computers, servers, routers and wireless devices. The network core consists of routers that route data between hosts using protocols like IP. Modern data networks are packet switched, where data is divided into packets that are transmitted independently.
The document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is and examples like the Internet. It then covers topics such as the uses of networks for communication, accessing resources, centralizing data, transferring files, and more. The document also discusses different types of networks categorized by size, connectivity, and design. Additionally, it covers networking protocols, data transmission methods, network architectures, and models like OSI and TCP/IP.
This document provides an introduction to data communication and networking. It discusses analog and digital data, data communication, data flow including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex, and modems. It also covers local area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, network topologies including linear bus, star, tree and others. Finally, it discusses the OSI model and considerations for data communication networks including performance, consistency, reliability and recovery.
A computer network allows connected devices to exchange and share data through connections. There are different types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). A computer network requires hardware like network cards, cables, and connectivity devices to physically connect devices and allow communication using network protocols.
This document provides an overview of data communication and networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It also covers transmission media, common network topologies, network devices, IP addressing, servers, and how data travels between networked computers. The key topics presented include defining networks as connected computers that allow resource sharing and fast communication, describing common transmission media like cables and wireless signals, outlining network topologies like star, bus and ring configurations, and explaining how IP addresses and servers help manage data transmission between systems on a network.
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
The document discusses networking concepts such as the difference between the internet and a network, internetworking, internet protocols, internet architecture, TCP/IP models, address mapping protocols, dynamic host configuration protocol, and domain name system servers. It provides definitions and explanations of these topics, describing for example that the internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that uses common protocols like TCP/IP to connect devices, while a network is a set of devices connected locally.
This document discusses computer networks and the TCP/IP model. It begins by defining what makes a computer network and some common uses of networks like resource sharing, information sharing, communication, and distributed processing. It then explains the layers of the TCP/IP model including the network access, internet, transport, and application layers. The rest of the document details topics like how networks are physically connected, the network and data link layers, wired and wireless networking, switching vs hubs, IP addressing and subnets, ports and sockets, and finally provides a high-level overview of the process that occurs when visiting a website.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including the OSI model, TCP/IP model, IPv4 addressing, and subnet masking. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and some common protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, and FTP. It also explains the four layers of the TCP/IP model and compares it to the OSI model. IPv4 addressing supports unicast, broadcast, and multicast modes. IPv4 uses a hierarchical addressing scheme to divide IP addresses into network and host portions. Subnet masks are used to distinguish the network ID from the host portion of an IP address.
This power point presentation enhance the basic concept of networking. It also include the various models such as OSI models and little description of various layer features and functionality.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as two or more interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources. Computer networks enable communication and collaboration between individuals and organizations. They allow users to share hardware, software, data and perform centralized administration. Networks can be classified based on their scope, ownership, topology, transmission medium, connection management and transmission technology. Key network components include hardware like computers, cables and devices, as well as software like operating systems, applications, protocols and standards.
Full video explained in Hindi
Check youtube channel -
The Avi Security
basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions. basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Overview of data communication and networkingSisir Ghosh
The document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses the key components of data communication including senders, receivers, transmission media, messages, and protocols. It then describes different types of network connections and topologies including point-to-point, multipoint, bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid networks. Finally, it discusses network classification based on scale, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). The document also covers protocols, standards, and reference models like OSI and TCP/IP.
Windows network administration Basic theoriesRavi Yasas
This document contains information about networking concepts including cable types, topologies, network architectures, IP addressing, and Microsoft networking tools. It defines coaxial and twisted pair cables, and lists common network topologies like mesh, bus, ring, star and hybrid. It also explains the differences between a hub and switch, and between a workgroup and domain network architecture. The document provides details on IP addressing standards including public vs private IP ranges, static vs dynamic addressing, and IPv4 and IPv6 versions. It introduces tools like DNS, MMC, Group Policy and IIS that are used to manage Microsoft networks.
Modems convert digital signals to analog signals for transmission over phone lines and vice versa. They are classified by connection type and transmission mode. Functions include data compression, error correction, and flow control. TCP/IP is the standard communication protocol for the Internet and networks. It has application, transport, internet, and link layers. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet using browsers. It allows information sharing through URLs and hyperlinks.
Standards for providing Internet Services over Wireless NetworksManos Anastasiadis
Wireless networking technologies are now an integral part of modern people's everyday activities. This evolution was the result of the contribution of a series of open standards, designed and implemented with the cooperation of many people in international organizations. In this paper we will make a summary of these standards.
The IEEE 802 standards describe networking protocols for the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 committee develops these standards, with subcommittees focusing on specific technologies. The 802.5 standard defines Token Ring networks that use a logical ring topology and token passing to control access and prevent collisions. The 802.3 standard defines Ethernet networks that typically use a bus or star topology and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) for network access.
Lesson 5 data communication and networking (136 kb)IMRAN KHAN
This document introduces data communication and computer networks. It discusses how computer networking allows users to share data and programs between computers regardless of location. The objectives are to learn about the basic elements of data communication systems, communication protocols, transmission modes, computer networks, and network types. It describes the basic components of a communication system including a sender, medium, and receiver. Data communication involves the electrical or electromagnetic transmission of encoded data signals across communication channels or media.
This document discusses network protocols. It begins with an introduction and history of protocols and defines them as sets of rules that govern communications between devices on a network. Examples of common protocols are then outlined, including TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, UDP, and ICMP. The roles and functions of protocols are explained. Benefits include increased connectivity and transmission speed. The conclusion states that protocols have transformed human communication and networks will continue to evolve.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and networks. It discusses key topics such as data representation, data flow, characteristics of data communication like delivery and accuracy. It describes different network types including LAN, WAN, MAN. Network topologies like star, bus, ring and hybrid are explained. Protocols define rules for communication regarding what, how and when to communicate. Standards are agreed upon rules and are developed by standards organizations.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts across different layers of the networking model. It discusses that a network includes interconnected devices like computers, servers, routers and wireless devices. The network core consists of routers that route data between hosts using protocols like IP. Modern data networks are packet switched, where data is divided into packets that are transmitted independently.
The document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is and examples like the Internet. It then covers topics such as the uses of networks for communication, accessing resources, centralizing data, transferring files, and more. The document also discusses different types of networks categorized by size, connectivity, and design. Additionally, it covers networking protocols, data transmission methods, network architectures, and models like OSI and TCP/IP.
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This document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses the history of ARPANET, the first packet switching network and predecessor to the Internet. It then defines what a computer network is and lists common goals of computer networks like sharing resources, performance, reliability, and scalability. The document also outlines some common applications of computer networks and provides details on typical network hardware, software, and cabling technologies.
Internet basics and Cloud Computing- Manish Jhamanish jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including hardware components, protocols, transmission media, and cloud computing. It defines modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, and switches as key hardware components. It explains protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, and how protocols work by breaking data into packets and ensuring consistent transmission and reception. The document also covers OSI layers, IP addressing, domain name servers, and types of cloud computing services.
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics RequriementManish Jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including definitions of modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, switches, and leased lines. It then discusses hardware/software requirements, protocols, transmission media, and email in networking. It provides descriptions of common protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, frame relay, ATM, and sonet. It also discusses functions of protocols, how protocols work at sending and receiving computers, and differences between TCP and IP.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals including network history, topologies, protocols, and devices. It discusses the evolution of networks from standalone computers connecting via modems to today's large networks. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, and ring. The document outlines the OSI and TCP/IP models and explains the functions of common networking devices like hubs, bridges, routers, and gateways. It also covers wired media like coaxial cable and fiber optic cable as well as wireless networking standards.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by defining a computer network as interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources and information. It then discusses the evolution of networking from ARPANET in the 1960s to the modern Internet. Various networking terms are introduced, such as nodes, servers, and network interface units. The document also covers networking topics like switching techniques, transmission media including wired and wireless options, network devices, communication protocols, and network security issues.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by defining a network as two or more connected computers and describes the main types as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are confined to a limited geographical area while WANs cover a larger area and are often composed of multiple connected LANs. The document then discusses specific network types like LANs, WANs, MANs, and PANs. It also outlines the benefits of networks like information sharing, hardware sharing, software sharing, and collaborative environments. However, it notes networks also face risks from equipment malfunctions, system failures, computer hackers, and virus attacks. The document concludes by discussing network
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
A computer network connects independent computers that communicate over a shared network medium. The basic components of a network include at least two computers (servers or clients), networking interface cards, a connection medium like cables, and network operating system software. There are different types of networks including LANs, WANs, intranets, and the Internet. The OSI model defines seven layers of network functionality from the physical layer up to the application layer. TCP/IP is an open networking model used on the Internet with layers including physical, internet, and transport layers.
The document provides an introduction to computer networks including:
1. The origins and early development of the Internet from ARPANET in the 1960s-1980s.
2. The basic components, goals, and applications of computer networks including resource sharing, reliability, and performance.
3. The key hardware, software, and transmission media that enable computer networking including hubs, switches, routers, network interface cards, transmission control protocol, and fiber optic cables.
Here are the number of broadcast and collision domains for each case:
1. A single switch with 10 connected devices:
- Broadcast domain: 1
- Collision domain: 10 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
2. Two switches connected by a single trunk link with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 2 (each switch is its own broadcast domain)
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
3. A router connecting two switches, each with 10 devices:
- Broadcast domain: 3 (each physical network segment is its own broadcast domain)
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
Here are the number of broadcast and collision domains for each case:
1. A single switch with 10 connected devices:
- Broadcast domain: 1
- Collision domain: 10 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
2. Two switches connected by a single trunk link with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 2
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
3. A router connected to two switches, with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 3
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
The document provides information about the OSI model, TCP/IP model, TCP and UDP protocols, routing protocols, and DNS. It defines each layer of the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It explains the key differences between TCP and UDP, including their approaches to reliability, connections, ordering of data, and congestion control. It also defines common routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP, and explains concepts like IP addresses, MAC addresses, routers, switches, and gateways. Finally, it summarizes the main tasks of DNS in translating domain names to IP addresses, distributing domain names, providing load balancing, and maintaining security.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines a computer network as an interconnection of two or more computers that allows users to share information and resources. The document describes two common network models - the peer-to-peer and client/server models. It also explains the seven layer OSI reference model and compares it to the four layer TCP/IP model. Finally, it categorizes different types of networks including LANs, MANs, WANs, PANs, wireless networks, and home networks.
The document discusses network layer models including the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It provides details on each layer of the models and their functions. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application. The TCP/IP model combines some of these layers and has 5 layers - physical, data link, network, transport and application. Each layer is responsible for distinct networking functions and passes messages to the adjacent layers for delivery. [/SUMMARY]
Protocol layer
OSI model description details
post office protocol version 3 (pop3)
these three topics are describe in this slide.
this slide made by zakirul islam.
Similar to Basics concept of network and internet mansi (20)
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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1. Basics concept of Network and Internet
Submitted To:-
Dr. Ankit Srivastava
Submitted By:-
Mansi Gupta
M.sc. 2nd sem.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science &
Criminology
2. • Overview of network.
• Architecture of Computer Network.
• Topology of Computer network.
• Types of Computer Network.
• OSI Model.
• TCP/IP Model.
• Concept of Internet.
• Internet Service Provider.
• Electronic Mail
CONTENT:
3. • A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other
devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
• An excellent example of a network is the internet, which connects millions of people all over the world.
• Let’s take a Simple example, the picture given below shows that the sender and receiver are connected to
one another through a transmission media to share the data.
Network
4. Five basic components
of networkTransmissi
on
Media
Sender
Message
Receiver
Protocol
Message is the
data or
information which
needs to be
transferred from
one device to
another over a
computer network
A protocol is a
set of rules
that are
agreed by
both sender
& receiver.
Transmission
media help
to transfer
data from
one device
to another
such as
wires,cables,
radiowave.
Sender is a
device that had
the data and
needs to send
the data to other
device
connected to the
network.
A receiver is the
device which is
expecting the
data from other
device on the
network.
5. 1 Performance
2.Data Sharing
3. Backup
4.Reliability
5. Scalability
6. Security
Performance of a
computer network
is measured in
terms of response
time. The response
time of sending
data from one node
to another should
be minimal.
Computer
network is use to
share the data
between systems
connected with
each other
through a
transmission
media.
It have a
central
server that
keeps the
backup of all
the data.
There should
not be any
failure in the
network or if
it occurs the
recovery from
a failure.
A computer
network should
be scalable
means it should
always allow to
add new nodes
to the already
existing
network.
A computer
network should be
secure so that the
data transmitting
over a network
should be safe
from unauthorized
access.
Feature of Computer
Network
6. Peer to peer
Computer Network
Architecture
A Computer Architecture is a design in which all the computers are connected in a computer network are
organized. Two most popular computer architecture are peer to peer and client- server architecture.
Peer to peer architecture: Client-Server architecture:
In which nodes are interconnected with
each other and share resources with each
other without the central controlling
server.
A central computer acts as hub and serves all
the requests from client computer. All the
shared data is stored in the server computer
shared with client computer when a request
is made.
Client
Server
7. Hardware Components
for the Networks
1. Cables: A wire that is used to connect more than
one computer or other devices such as printers and
scanner to each other.
2. Network Interface Card: NIC is used to format the
data, send the data and receive the data at the receiving
node.
3. Hub: Hub acts as a device that connects all the
computer in a network to each other. Any request
that comes from a client computer first received by
hub and then hub transmit this request over a
network. 4. Router: It is a device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Router
joins multiple computer networks to each other.
8. Computer Network
Topology
Geometric representation of how the computer are connected to each other is known as topology. There are
five types of topology.
Types of Network Topology
Mesh
Topology
Star
Topology
Bus
Topology
Ring
Topology
Hybrid
Topology
10. Computer Network
A computer network is a group of computers connected with each other through a transmission medium
such as cable, wires etc. Types of computer network
PAN
The network used to connect
different devices like connect
pc, mobile, PDA to one another.
This type of network has not
wide range.
LAN
Local area network is a group
of computers connected with
each other in a small places
such as school, hospital,
apartment etc.
In metropolitan
network various LAN
are connected with
each other through
telephone lines.
MAN WAN
Wide area network
provides long distance
transmission of data. The
size of the WAN is larger
than LAN and MAN. A
WAN can cover country,
continent.
11. CRITERIA LAN MAN WAN
Distance • Limited
• 2500m-2miles
• Limited
• 200km
• Unlimited
Speed • High
• Excess of 10mbps
• -10, 100 and 1000 are
standards.
• High
• 100mbps
• Slower
• 1-5mbps
Media • Twisted-pair wires
• Fibres optic cable
• Wireless
• Twisted-pair wires
• Fibres optic cable
• Coascial cable
• Fibres optic cable
• Wireless to include
satellite
Example • Ethernet
• Wifi
• Cable TV network • Internet
12. OSI MODEL
• OSI Model stands for Open System
Inerconnection model.
• OSI Model defines how data is transferred
from one computer to another computer.
• It describes how information from a software
application in one computer moves through a
physical medium to the software application in
another computer.
• OSI consists of seven layers, and each layer
performs a particular network function.
• OSI model was introduced by ISO in 1980.
The OSI Model was first
defined in raw in 1978 by
Hubert Zimmermann but draft
standard was published by ISO
in 1980.
13. Seven layers of OSI Model-
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Application Layer
Sender
Receiver
Software Layers
Hardware Layer
Heart of OSI
14. • Application layer is used by computer applications such as Google chrome, outlook, firefox , Skype etc.
• Application layer defines the protocols that are used by computer applications for example
- HTTP and HTTPS protocol are used by web browser such as chrome, firefox etc.
- FTP protocol is used for file transfer between two or more computers.
- SMTP protocol is used for emails.
• There are dozens of other protocol that forms the application layer.
Application Layer:
15. Function of presentation layer:
Translation
Encryption
Compression
1. The data received from application layer is in form of characters and
numbers such as 2367, CCBH. This layer converts these characters and
number into machine understandable format.
2. SSL is used by the presentation layer for encryption and decryption.
3. Compress the data to small size so that it can be transferred faster.
Presentation Layer:
16. Authentication
Authorization
Session management
1. Before a computer can be connected to server, the computer has to
provide user name and password for the authentication.
2. Session layer checks whether the connected computer is authorized
to access of data.
3. Session also checks that the data which is received from the server
in the form of data packets belongs to which application.
Session Layer:
Functions:
17. Segementation
Flow Control
Error Control
1. Data received from Session Layer is divided into small data units called segments.
Each segment contains the sender and receiver port number and sequence
number.
2. It controls the flow of data. It checks the capability of the receiver device receiving
capability before transmitting data.
3. Transport layer also performs error control using automatic repeat request.
Transport Layer:
Functions:
18. Logical Addressing
Routing
Path
Determination
1. Network layer assigns the sender and receiver IP address to the data packets
before transmitting them so that the data packet reach the correct destination.
2. Routing is a method of transferring data packet from source to destination.
3. Network layer determines the optimal path for data transmission so that data
can be transmitted faster to the receiver. OSPF , BGP protocols are best possible
path for data delivery.
Network Layer:
Functions:
19. 1. Data link layer receives the data from network layer.
2. Logical Addressing and Physical Addressing are two types of addressing done to the packets
transfers from one computer to another computer.
3. Data unit in the data link is called frame. A frame is transferred from one computer to another and
transmission is done through a transmission media such as wire, cable etc.
Data Link Layer:
20. Digital Transmission
1 Physical Layer is to transfer data in form of signals. A data can be
either analog or digital.
2. Physical layer must need to convert the data to its digital signal.
3. It converts digital data to digital signal. A digital data is in form of
binary sequences in the form of signals that can be transferred.
Physical Layer:
Functions:
21. TCP / IP Model
• The TCP/IP Model is developed before than OSI Model.
• It was developed by Defence Project Research Agency.
• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol.
• TCP/IP Model has four layers different from OSI Model.
Host -to-network
Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Layers in TCP/IP Model
23. 1. Physical and Data Link Layer:
Physical and Data Link Layers in TCP/IP model does not
define any protocol , they support all the standard
protocols. They are combined know as Host –to-
network layer.
A network in TCP/IP internetwork can be LAN orWAN.
2. Network Layer:
In the network layer, the TCP/IP model
supports internetworking protocol know as IP.
The IP uses four protocols internally:
• ARP
• RARP
• ICMP
• IGMP
3. Transport Layer:
Transport layer in TCP Model can be represented by
three protocols:
• TCP
• UDP
• SCTP
These three protocols in transport layer are responsible
for delivery of messages from one process to another.
4. Application Layer:
This is the top most layer of TCP/IP model. It is
used for intercation between user and application.
There are several protocols used by the application
layer for user interaction such as:
• HTTP
• SNMP
• SMTP
• DNS
• FTP etc.
24. Internet
The internet is a global network of billion of
computers and other electronic devices.
With the internet, it’s possible to access
almost any information, communicate with
anyone else in the world, and do much
more.
When someone says a computer is online,
it’s just another way of saying it is connected
to the internet.
The internet is an increasingly important
part of everyday life for people around the
world.
25. Internet Governs by:
Internet has no president or chief operating officer and it is governed by a number of authorities.
Internet
Society
(ISOC)
Internet
Engineering
Task Force
(IETF)
Internet
Architecture
Board
(IAB)
A voluntary membership organisation
with an objective to promote global
interchange of information.
IAB authority is a group of invited
volunteers. The IAB sets standard
and provide internet addresses.
IETF discusses the technical and
operational problems in internet.
No one pays to use the internet, instead everyone pays for it's part.
26. Working of Internet:
Computer A sends message to computer B’s IP address.
Message is broken into smaller pieces called Packets.
Packets are sent along packet routing network to correct IP
Address.
Packets are subject to Transfer Control Protocol to maintain
Quality.
Packets are received and reassembled at Computer B’s IP
Address.
27. Internet Service Provider:
A company that provides a subscription service to
enable the user or organisation to access the
internet is ISP. An ISP has a network of computers
permanently linked to the internet.
If anyone wants to surf the web, use e-mail, or chat
online, then he needs an internet provider through
which computer can communicate with the rest of
the world. ISP
Web Email VOIPS
28. Types of ISPs:
Hosting ISPs:
Offer email, FTP,
web- hosting
services, virtual
machines, cloud
and physical
servers.
Transit ISPs:
Provide large
amounts of
bandwidth needed
to connect hosting
IPSs and access IPSs
together.
Access ISPs:
Employ a variety
of technologies to
facilitate
consumer
connection to
their network.
Virtual ISPs:
Purchase services
from other ISPs to
allow customers
internet access.
Free ISPs:
Provide service free
of charge and often
display ads while
users are
connected.
30. Main Applications of Internet:
Remote
Login
E-MAILS
NEWS
FILE TRANSFER
RESEARCH
Remote
Login
31. • It is the transmission of text-based messages
among networked computers.
• Ray Tomlinson is universally credited as the
creator of email as part of a program for
ARPANET in 1971.
• Meanwhile in 1978, a 14- year old boy, Shiva
Ayyadurai began his work on email system for
the university of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey.
Electronic Mail
Ray Tomlinson
32. Email Address:
• An email address is a unique address, which identifies a location to send and receive email. It contains
username followed by an @ symbol and then domain name, i.e, username@domainname.
• Example: mansig094@gmail.com abc@yahooo.co.in
Username Domain name
Type of organisation
Country name
• Domain name it is the unique name that identifies an interest site or website. Domain name
always have two or more parts separated by dots. The part on the left is most specific and the
part on the right is the most general.
.com: Commercial institution
.edu: Educational institutions
.gov: Government sites
.mil: Military sites
.net: Gateways
.org: Private Organisations
Suffix indicates Organisation
Australia: .au
China: .cn
Germany: .de
India: .in
United States: .uk
United Kingdom: .us
Suffix indicates Geographic area
34. Types of Email Account:
POP
ACCOUNT
IMAP
ACCOUNT
EMAIL
BOUNCER
Types of Email Services:
Priced
Web-based
Email
Services
Priced
Web-based
Email
Services
Free web-
based email
Services
35. 1. NTA UGC NET/ SET/ JRF Paper 1 Teaching and Research Aptitude by KVS Madaan.
2. https://beginnersbook.com/2019/03/introduction-to-computer-network/
3. https://store.hp.com/us/en/tech-takes/how-does-the-internet-work
Reference