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Communal Conflicts in Nigeria




         By Lovelyn Nwolisa
          +2348098234737
       lovelynlisa@yahoo.com
Communal conflict arises when two distinct
community groups come into conflict.
Nigeria is a large multiethnic country where
ethnic cleavages remain a critical problem
and ethnic violence has erupted periodically.
Within the past four decades, Nigeria has
experienced dangerous scenes of incessant
dysfunctional conflicts, which have occurred
between communities, ethnic groups and
religious groups.
Class Discussions (part 1)

   Tell us your name and where you come from
   Tell us about a conflict in your community
Causes of Communal Conflict

   Indigene/Settler (Land ownership issues)
   Land Dispute
   Boundary Dispute
   The then Federal Military Government

                 Mention more...
Examples of conflicts in Nigeria

   Yoruba-Hausa community in Shagamu
    -Respect for tradition(Oro festival)
   Eleme-Okrika
    -Creation of state and local govt
    -Unclear boundaries
    -Clash over ownership of oil fields, farmlands
    and waterways.
   Tiv-Jukun in Wukari
    -Case of Indigene/settler
    -Assasination of the representative of Jukun
    in Taraba State House of Assembly (Jukun
    accused the Tiv)
 Chamba-Kuteb in Taraba
-Chieftancy title selection process altered

   Itsekiri-Ijaw/Urhobo
    -Movement of LGA hq from Ijaw area to
    Itsekiri territory
    -Land ownership/dispute
   Aguleri-Umuleri in Anambra State
    -Land disputes
   Ife-Modakeke in Osun State
    -Indegines/settlers case
   Ijaw-Ilaje conflict in Ondo
    -Ownership of land reputed to be rich in oil
    reserve
others

   Basa-Egbura in Nassarawa
   Hausa/Fulani-Sawaya in Bauchi
   Fulani-Irigwe and Yelwa-Shendam, both in
    Plateau State
   Ogoni-Adoni
   Hausa-Yoruba clashes in Idi-Araba in Lagos
    State
Class Discussion (part 2)

   How was the conflict in your community
    resolved?
   Lessons learnt.
Effects of Communal Conflicts
Loss of Lives and Human
Resources
Damage of Properties
   Physical Injury
   Psychological Disorder
   Hunger and Malnutrition
   Sexual Violence
   Displacement of
    families
Slows down Education
Class discussions

           Name others...
Group Discussion

   Group 1. Discuss various ways communal
    conflict can be avoided.
   Group 2. How can an on-going conflict be
    stopped?
   Group 3. What are the roles of government,
    religious bodies, Individuals and Agencies in
    Conflict resolution?
Mitigating Future Conflict In
Nigeria

   Eliminate indigene/settler classifications in
    government decision -making
   Strengthen, coordinate, and de-conflict
    security institutions.
   Make protection of minority rights a priority
   Establish Community based, state supported
    peace-building committee
Communal conflicts in Nigeria
Communal conflicts in Nigeria

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Communal conflicts in Nigeria

  • 1. Communal Conflicts in Nigeria By Lovelyn Nwolisa +2348098234737 lovelynlisa@yahoo.com
  • 2. Communal conflict arises when two distinct community groups come into conflict.
  • 3.
  • 4. Nigeria is a large multiethnic country where ethnic cleavages remain a critical problem and ethnic violence has erupted periodically. Within the past four decades, Nigeria has experienced dangerous scenes of incessant dysfunctional conflicts, which have occurred between communities, ethnic groups and religious groups.
  • 5. Class Discussions (part 1)  Tell us your name and where you come from  Tell us about a conflict in your community
  • 6. Causes of Communal Conflict  Indigene/Settler (Land ownership issues)  Land Dispute  Boundary Dispute  The then Federal Military Government Mention more...
  • 7. Examples of conflicts in Nigeria  Yoruba-Hausa community in Shagamu -Respect for tradition(Oro festival)
  • 8. Eleme-Okrika -Creation of state and local govt -Unclear boundaries -Clash over ownership of oil fields, farmlands and waterways.
  • 9. Tiv-Jukun in Wukari -Case of Indigene/settler -Assasination of the representative of Jukun in Taraba State House of Assembly (Jukun accused the Tiv)
  • 10.  Chamba-Kuteb in Taraba -Chieftancy title selection process altered  Itsekiri-Ijaw/Urhobo -Movement of LGA hq from Ijaw area to Itsekiri territory -Land ownership/dispute
  • 11. Aguleri-Umuleri in Anambra State -Land disputes  Ife-Modakeke in Osun State -Indegines/settlers case  Ijaw-Ilaje conflict in Ondo -Ownership of land reputed to be rich in oil reserve
  • 12. others  Basa-Egbura in Nassarawa  Hausa/Fulani-Sawaya in Bauchi  Fulani-Irigwe and Yelwa-Shendam, both in Plateau State  Ogoni-Adoni  Hausa-Yoruba clashes in Idi-Araba in Lagos State
  • 13. Class Discussion (part 2)  How was the conflict in your community resolved?  Lessons learnt.
  • 14. Effects of Communal Conflicts
  • 15. Loss of Lives and Human Resources
  • 17. Physical Injury
  • 18. Psychological Disorder
  • 19. Hunger and Malnutrition
  • 20. Sexual Violence
  • 21. Displacement of families
  • 23. Class discussions Name others...
  • 24. Group Discussion  Group 1. Discuss various ways communal conflict can be avoided.  Group 2. How can an on-going conflict be stopped?  Group 3. What are the roles of government, religious bodies, Individuals and Agencies in Conflict resolution?
  • 25. Mitigating Future Conflict In Nigeria  Eliminate indigene/settler classifications in government decision -making  Strengthen, coordinate, and de-conflict security institutions.  Make protection of minority rights a priority  Establish Community based, state supported peace-building committee

Editor's Notes

  1. The conflict seems to have been sparked off after several days of a traditional Yoruba festival, the Oro. Traditionally those not involved in the festival are requested to stay off the street. Yoruba people spoke to a BBC reporter and said that the Hausas had not respected this tradition. The Hausas said they had been attacked indiscriminately.