"Guideline for the session on 'community- based strategies and approaches"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
The document discusses the political economy of land and conflicts. It notes that securing land rights for all can help prevent and manage conflicts, as land is a source of livelihoods, wealth and a driver of power struggles. Understanding the various interests in land use and how competing claims are resolved is important. It emphasizes understanding shifting centers of power and interest groups, as well as considering women's land rights equally. A political economy lens is crucial, especially in contexts of poverty, weak governance and injustice, which can fuel conflicts over inequitable access to land resources. Legitimate dispute resolution mechanisms tailored to local contexts can help bridge divides and reconcile competing land claims.
Not Your Father’s NRM: Understanding NRM in Post-Conflict CountriesCAPRi
The document discusses the challenges of natural resource management (NRM) in post-conflict contexts. It notes that post-conflict countries face a heightened risk of conflict recurrence in the first 10 years. NRM is critical for peacebuilding but peacebuilding is also critical for NRM. The document recommends that NRM projects in post-conflict areas focus on situational awareness, conflict management, and mainstreaming peacebuilding approaches like human security, livelihoods support, and governance.
The document discusses grassroots approaches to conflict transformation. It defines conflict and discusses how grassroots approaches aim to increase local ownership, empower communities, and foster lasting peace through participation and addressing community needs. Key characteristics of grassroots approaches include recognizing how conflicts affect local populations, emphasizing commonalities between groups, and addressing the root causes and perceptions that drive conflicts.
LOOKING BEYOND THE OBVIOUS: Uncovering the features of natural resource confl...CAPRi
This document analyzes natural resource conflicts in Uganda and their resolution. It finds that greater poverty increases conflicts over private land boundaries but decreases other conflicts, while low literacy increases common land conflicts. Higher population density and private land/water conflicts lead to formal conflict resolution, while customary institutions resolve common land disputes. The study concludes that formal institutions effectively resolve most reported conflicts in Uganda, but customary institutions also have an important role, especially for the poor. It recommends supporting formal institutions while exploring how to strengthen and integrate customary systems into conflict resolution.
The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Touri...CAPRi
This document discusses the role of mountain gorilla tourism in the post-conflict recovery of Rwanda. It finds that mountain gorilla tourism has significantly contributed to Rwanda's economic growth since the 1994 genocide, becoming the largest foreign exchange earner. It also discusses how revenue from gorilla tourism is shared with local communities and has helped fund projects providing education, water, and livelihoods. Transboundary collaboration between Rwanda, Uganda, and DRC on gorilla conservation has also helped promote regional peacebuilding and security.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dominic Kisavi on police operations and security in Kenya. It outlines that security is essential for development but that crime undermines economic growth. It then discusses the key security challenges facing Kenya, including Al-Shabaab terrorist attacks, cattle rustling, and inter-tribal conflicts over resources. The presentation analyzes the causes of insecurity and what police are doing to address issues like border security, clashes, and terrorism. It closes by discussing Kenya's Vision 2030 goals for security and what policies the police will pursue to achieve safety and improve law enforcement.
Lamu County is located on the Kenyan coast near the Somali border. It has a population of around 100,000 people from diverse ethnic groups, with 35% being indigenous communities and 65% being non-indigenous settlers. The county's main economic activities are farming and it has faced several terrorist attacks in recent years that have killed over 100 people and displaced many more. The attacks are thought to stem from conflicts over land between indigenous groups and settlers, as well as Al-Shabaab exploiting these tensions by capitalizing on religious and political divisions in order to recruit members and stage more attacks. Addressing the underlying issues around land rights and improving security measures are seen as key to resolving the instability in Lamu County.
The document discusses the negative impacts of militarism on indigenous peoples around the world. Militarism has led to the pollution of ancestral lands from weapons use and waste dumping. It has also enabled the taking of indigenous lands and natural resources without consent. The document calls for development aid and security assistance to be guided by human rights and gives priority to local actors and civil society in resolving conflicts. It recommends donor countries strengthen democratic approaches to security and reform international institutions to better manage conflicts.
The document discusses the political economy of land and conflicts. It notes that securing land rights for all can help prevent and manage conflicts, as land is a source of livelihoods, wealth and a driver of power struggles. Understanding the various interests in land use and how competing claims are resolved is important. It emphasizes understanding shifting centers of power and interest groups, as well as considering women's land rights equally. A political economy lens is crucial, especially in contexts of poverty, weak governance and injustice, which can fuel conflicts over inequitable access to land resources. Legitimate dispute resolution mechanisms tailored to local contexts can help bridge divides and reconcile competing land claims.
Not Your Father’s NRM: Understanding NRM in Post-Conflict CountriesCAPRi
The document discusses the challenges of natural resource management (NRM) in post-conflict contexts. It notes that post-conflict countries face a heightened risk of conflict recurrence in the first 10 years. NRM is critical for peacebuilding but peacebuilding is also critical for NRM. The document recommends that NRM projects in post-conflict areas focus on situational awareness, conflict management, and mainstreaming peacebuilding approaches like human security, livelihoods support, and governance.
The document discusses grassroots approaches to conflict transformation. It defines conflict and discusses how grassroots approaches aim to increase local ownership, empower communities, and foster lasting peace through participation and addressing community needs. Key characteristics of grassroots approaches include recognizing how conflicts affect local populations, emphasizing commonalities between groups, and addressing the root causes and perceptions that drive conflicts.
LOOKING BEYOND THE OBVIOUS: Uncovering the features of natural resource confl...CAPRi
This document analyzes natural resource conflicts in Uganda and their resolution. It finds that greater poverty increases conflicts over private land boundaries but decreases other conflicts, while low literacy increases common land conflicts. Higher population density and private land/water conflicts lead to formal conflict resolution, while customary institutions resolve common land disputes. The study concludes that formal institutions effectively resolve most reported conflicts in Uganda, but customary institutions also have an important role, especially for the poor. It recommends supporting formal institutions while exploring how to strengthen and integrate customary systems into conflict resolution.
The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Touri...CAPRi
This document discusses the role of mountain gorilla tourism in the post-conflict recovery of Rwanda. It finds that mountain gorilla tourism has significantly contributed to Rwanda's economic growth since the 1994 genocide, becoming the largest foreign exchange earner. It also discusses how revenue from gorilla tourism is shared with local communities and has helped fund projects providing education, water, and livelihoods. Transboundary collaboration between Rwanda, Uganda, and DRC on gorilla conservation has also helped promote regional peacebuilding and security.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dominic Kisavi on police operations and security in Kenya. It outlines that security is essential for development but that crime undermines economic growth. It then discusses the key security challenges facing Kenya, including Al-Shabaab terrorist attacks, cattle rustling, and inter-tribal conflicts over resources. The presentation analyzes the causes of insecurity and what police are doing to address issues like border security, clashes, and terrorism. It closes by discussing Kenya's Vision 2030 goals for security and what policies the police will pursue to achieve safety and improve law enforcement.
Lamu County is located on the Kenyan coast near the Somali border. It has a population of around 100,000 people from diverse ethnic groups, with 35% being indigenous communities and 65% being non-indigenous settlers. The county's main economic activities are farming and it has faced several terrorist attacks in recent years that have killed over 100 people and displaced many more. The attacks are thought to stem from conflicts over land between indigenous groups and settlers, as well as Al-Shabaab exploiting these tensions by capitalizing on religious and political divisions in order to recruit members and stage more attacks. Addressing the underlying issues around land rights and improving security measures are seen as key to resolving the instability in Lamu County.
The document discusses the negative impacts of militarism on indigenous peoples around the world. Militarism has led to the pollution of ancestral lands from weapons use and waste dumping. It has also enabled the taking of indigenous lands and natural resources without consent. The document calls for development aid and security assistance to be guided by human rights and gives priority to local actors and civil society in resolving conflicts. It recommends donor countries strengthen democratic approaches to security and reform international institutions to better manage conflicts.
Framework for cooperative security in a region in transition challenges and...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the framework for cooperative security in Africa and challenges therein. It provides context around increased regional cooperation in the late 1980s/early 1990s due to various global and local factors. It examines ECOWAS as the leading example in West Africa, outlining the institutions and mechanisms it has established like the Mediation and Security Council, Defence and Security Commission, and ECOMOG forces. However, it notes ongoing challenges including issues of sovereignty, differing regional interests, donor dependence, and lack of a shared security vision among some member states. The example of Cote d'Ivoire highlights the need for frameworks to go beyond structures to enable timely, credible action on humanitarian crises.
Wildlife Trafficking and Illicit Financial Flows: The role of Financial Inves...OECD Governance
OECD HIGH LEVEL RISK FORUM - Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade
WCO-OECD Regional Policy Dialogue on Countering Illicit Trade: Addressing the Governance Gaps in Europe
WCO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
7-8 November 2016
https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/baa570ac042f8bd70259b7688aaa07cb_AgendaVERSION4.pdf
RUSI
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Stud...OECD Governance
This document summarizes a presentation given by RUSI on wildlife trafficking and illicit financial flows. It discusses how RUSI focuses on financial crime and environmental security issues. It then explores the scale and value of wildlife trafficking as the 4th largest illicit trade. While initially viewed as an environmental issue, wildlife trafficking is now seen as a national security threat when linked to organized crime and terrorism. The presentation argues that organized criminal groups are the main facilitators of wildlife trafficking in East Africa. It advocates for using financial investigation techniques and applying anti-money laundering laws to better address wildlife trafficking as a financial crime.
Framework for security architecture in a sub region in transition - challenge...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the challenges and prospects for developing a security architecture in Africa. It identifies four pillars needed: human security, democratic governance, transforming conflicts through political processes, and collective security. Some challenges are the legacy of Westphalian sovereignty, regionalism without shared values, and regionalism being leader-driven rather than people-driven. The context of regional cooperation changed in the late 1980s due to shifts in global power and the end of the Cold War. Recommendations include promoting regional values, reducing poverty, democratic security sector governance, and strengthening institutions for conflict prevention and resolution.
The document announces the 6th annual conference of the Society for Peace Studies and Practice in collaboration with the Nigeria Army Peacekeeping Centre. The conference will take place from March 7-9, 2012 in Jaji, Kaduna, Nigeria. The conference aims to discuss challenges to national and international security in a globalized world, with sub-themes including domestic and international terrorism, border security, and the role of civil society in peacebuilding. It calls for abstract and paper submissions on topics related to security issues in Africa.
This document discusses the international refugee protection regime and the scope of protection in situations of mass influx. It notes that the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol provide the legal framework for refugee protection but have limitations that UNHCR seeks to address. It also discusses the importance of international burden sharing, temporary protection in mass influx situations, eligibility determination procedures, and durable solutions such as voluntary repatriation or local integration. The document outlines principles and standards for providing protection in mass influx situations.
This document discusses definitions of small states from an international relations perspective. It explores both quantitative parameters like population size and GDP as well as relational characteristics compared to other states. There are many proposed definitions but no universal agreement. Quantitative approaches define small states based on measurable criteria like having a population under a certain threshold. Relational approaches define small states as those that cannot exert significant influence alone compared to larger states. Both quantitative and relational characteristics are important for understanding the complexity of what constitutes a small state.
The document discusses several ongoing global issues that threaten security, including the lingering economic effects of currency crises in Southeast Asia, serious economic disparity between rich and poor nations, ethnic and religious conflicts exacerbated by issues like poverty and human rights violations, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, growth of transnational organized crime, natural disasters and environmental problems, and the growing threat of cybercrime.
The presentation explores the definitions that have being used since WWII for developing countries in the international system, specially in the Caribbean
Impact of Transnational Terrorism [Notes]Nicholas Teh
Transnational terrorism has significant economic, social, and political impacts. Economically, terrorist attacks impose huge costs on lives and property while damaging industries like airlines and tourism. Socially, terrorist acts threaten racial and religious harmony by creating suspicion and tension among groups. Politically, governments respond by tightening security controls at borders and on travelers, which can infringe on personal freedoms and damage relations with the public.
This document discusses various topics related to state security including theories of security, defense, law and order, and limitations of state protection. It outlines Hobbes' argument that the main task of the state is to provide physical security for citizens through a monopoly on force. It also discusses defense against external threats, conflict resolution methods, military spending, crime and punishment, product safety regulations, and challenges like terrorism and international crime. Realism and idealism are presented as competing theories of international relations with realism emphasizing self-interest and power.
The document summarizes the conflict in northern Mali between rebel groups seeking independence and the Malian government from 2012-2013. It describes how rebel groups like the MNLA and Ansar Dine took control of northern cities in early 2012 and declared independence. In response, the UN authorized a peacekeeping mission called AFISMA and later established MINUSMA in 2013 to stabilize the country and support the transitional government. MINUSMA aims to protect civilians and support humanitarian efforts, but continues to face challenges from sporadic violence and shortfalls in resources.
Ippai energy security presentation chietgj bajpaeeIPPAI
This document discusses threats facing Asia's maritime domain related to energy security. It notes that non-state threats like piracy have receded in some areas due to cooperation, but persist in the Indian Ocean. Meanwhile, inter-state threats are re-emerging due to renewed claims over disputed maritime territory. A sustainable solution requires collaboration between stakeholders to address both non-state and state threats, through mechanisms like combating piracy onshore and following a model of functional cooperation built on confidence building.
A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and ProgrammingJamaity
“A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development and Programming: Protection in Mixed Movements along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021” is an edited volume that presents key recommendations from more than 40 researchers, protection actors, policy-makers and people with a displacement experience from North, West, East and the Horn of Africa as well as Europe and North America, who came together in February 2021 for a Policy Workshop convened by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Mixed Migration Centre (MMC). Recommendations are drawn from 25 research papers aimed at informing policy, programming and advocacy.
The volume aims to be a roadmap for strategic engagement with different asylum and migration stakeholders at local, national and international levels. It offers concrete ways forward for a number of issue-areas key to the protection of people on the move: the important role of local authorities and community-based approaches to protection, the need for a stronger focus on children and youth on the move, and more sustainable approaches to combatting trafficking in persons, to name a few.
The document summarizes a case study of the French aircraft carrier Clemenceau and how the environmental NGO Greenpeace successfully pressured France to prevent the toxic ship from being dismantled in India. Greenpeace utilized globalization and media attention to raise awareness about the environmental and health issues. Despite France's military and political power, it was unable to overcome the domestic and international criticism generated by Greenpeace's campaign. This shows that NGOs can influence state policies, even powerful ones, on issues related to the environment and morality. However, NGOs face more constraints operating in authoritarian states where governments are less sensitive to public opinion.
The document outlines several threats to national security in the Philippines, dividing them into internal and external threats. The main internal threats are separatist groups like the MILF and NPA, organized crime like drug trafficking, poverty, economic sabotage, graft and corruption, natural calamities, and environmental degradation. External threats include territorial disputes over islands in the South China Sea, transnational issues like smuggling and illegal migration at borders, economic instability in Southeast Asia, and global problems of inequality and social conflicts. Maintaining national security requires addressing these political, economic, and social issues within the country and abroad.
Introduction to National Interest, it's Nature, Definition, and Types.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics in detail.
1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INTEREST.
2. NATURE OF NATIONAL INTEREST.
3. VARIOUS DEFINTIONS OF NATIONAL INTEREST
4. NINE MAIN TYPES OF NATIONAL INTEREST
(1. PRIMARY INTERESTS)
(2. SECONDARY INTERESTS)
(3. PERMANENT INTERESTS)
(4. VARIABLE INTERESTS)
(5. GENERAL INTERESTS)
(6. SPECIFIC INTERESTS)
(7. IDENTICAL INTERESTS)
(8. COMPLEMENTARY INTERESTS)
(9. CONFLICTING INTERESTS)
...That's all....
IF SOMEONE NEEDS A CUSTOM PPT PRESENTATION...FEEL FREE TO MESSAGE US ON WHATSAPP (+923104826711)
....Thank you.
The Mali peacekeeping mission (MINUSMA) aims to stabilize Mali after conflict between rebel groups and the government. MINUSMA has over 9,000 uniformed personnel to protect civilians, support political processes, and help establish state authority. While security has improved since French intervention against rebels, violent incidents still occur and armed groups remain active. MINUSMA works to restore stability and facilitate a peaceful transition, but challenges securing lasting peace remain.
"Misperceptions of Conflict in Asia and the Implications for Development Agencies"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Robert Buluma, Manager, Population & Social Statistics, Kenya National Burea...Geneva Declaration
"Inclusion of Peace & Violence Reduction in Post 2015 Development Agenda"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
Framework for cooperative security in a region in transition challenges and...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the framework for cooperative security in Africa and challenges therein. It provides context around increased regional cooperation in the late 1980s/early 1990s due to various global and local factors. It examines ECOWAS as the leading example in West Africa, outlining the institutions and mechanisms it has established like the Mediation and Security Council, Defence and Security Commission, and ECOMOG forces. However, it notes ongoing challenges including issues of sovereignty, differing regional interests, donor dependence, and lack of a shared security vision among some member states. The example of Cote d'Ivoire highlights the need for frameworks to go beyond structures to enable timely, credible action on humanitarian crises.
Wildlife Trafficking and Illicit Financial Flows: The role of Financial Inves...OECD Governance
OECD HIGH LEVEL RISK FORUM - Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade
WCO-OECD Regional Policy Dialogue on Countering Illicit Trade: Addressing the Governance Gaps in Europe
WCO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
7-8 November 2016
https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/baa570ac042f8bd70259b7688aaa07cb_AgendaVERSION4.pdf
RUSI
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Stud...OECD Governance
This document summarizes a presentation given by RUSI on wildlife trafficking and illicit financial flows. It discusses how RUSI focuses on financial crime and environmental security issues. It then explores the scale and value of wildlife trafficking as the 4th largest illicit trade. While initially viewed as an environmental issue, wildlife trafficking is now seen as a national security threat when linked to organized crime and terrorism. The presentation argues that organized criminal groups are the main facilitators of wildlife trafficking in East Africa. It advocates for using financial investigation techniques and applying anti-money laundering laws to better address wildlife trafficking as a financial crime.
Framework for security architecture in a sub region in transition - challenge...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the challenges and prospects for developing a security architecture in Africa. It identifies four pillars needed: human security, democratic governance, transforming conflicts through political processes, and collective security. Some challenges are the legacy of Westphalian sovereignty, regionalism without shared values, and regionalism being leader-driven rather than people-driven. The context of regional cooperation changed in the late 1980s due to shifts in global power and the end of the Cold War. Recommendations include promoting regional values, reducing poverty, democratic security sector governance, and strengthening institutions for conflict prevention and resolution.
The document announces the 6th annual conference of the Society for Peace Studies and Practice in collaboration with the Nigeria Army Peacekeeping Centre. The conference will take place from March 7-9, 2012 in Jaji, Kaduna, Nigeria. The conference aims to discuss challenges to national and international security in a globalized world, with sub-themes including domestic and international terrorism, border security, and the role of civil society in peacebuilding. It calls for abstract and paper submissions on topics related to security issues in Africa.
This document discusses the international refugee protection regime and the scope of protection in situations of mass influx. It notes that the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol provide the legal framework for refugee protection but have limitations that UNHCR seeks to address. It also discusses the importance of international burden sharing, temporary protection in mass influx situations, eligibility determination procedures, and durable solutions such as voluntary repatriation or local integration. The document outlines principles and standards for providing protection in mass influx situations.
This document discusses definitions of small states from an international relations perspective. It explores both quantitative parameters like population size and GDP as well as relational characteristics compared to other states. There are many proposed definitions but no universal agreement. Quantitative approaches define small states based on measurable criteria like having a population under a certain threshold. Relational approaches define small states as those that cannot exert significant influence alone compared to larger states. Both quantitative and relational characteristics are important for understanding the complexity of what constitutes a small state.
The document discusses several ongoing global issues that threaten security, including the lingering economic effects of currency crises in Southeast Asia, serious economic disparity between rich and poor nations, ethnic and religious conflicts exacerbated by issues like poverty and human rights violations, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, growth of transnational organized crime, natural disasters and environmental problems, and the growing threat of cybercrime.
The presentation explores the definitions that have being used since WWII for developing countries in the international system, specially in the Caribbean
Impact of Transnational Terrorism [Notes]Nicholas Teh
Transnational terrorism has significant economic, social, and political impacts. Economically, terrorist attacks impose huge costs on lives and property while damaging industries like airlines and tourism. Socially, terrorist acts threaten racial and religious harmony by creating suspicion and tension among groups. Politically, governments respond by tightening security controls at borders and on travelers, which can infringe on personal freedoms and damage relations with the public.
This document discusses various topics related to state security including theories of security, defense, law and order, and limitations of state protection. It outlines Hobbes' argument that the main task of the state is to provide physical security for citizens through a monopoly on force. It also discusses defense against external threats, conflict resolution methods, military spending, crime and punishment, product safety regulations, and challenges like terrorism and international crime. Realism and idealism are presented as competing theories of international relations with realism emphasizing self-interest and power.
The document summarizes the conflict in northern Mali between rebel groups seeking independence and the Malian government from 2012-2013. It describes how rebel groups like the MNLA and Ansar Dine took control of northern cities in early 2012 and declared independence. In response, the UN authorized a peacekeeping mission called AFISMA and later established MINUSMA in 2013 to stabilize the country and support the transitional government. MINUSMA aims to protect civilians and support humanitarian efforts, but continues to face challenges from sporadic violence and shortfalls in resources.
Ippai energy security presentation chietgj bajpaeeIPPAI
This document discusses threats facing Asia's maritime domain related to energy security. It notes that non-state threats like piracy have receded in some areas due to cooperation, but persist in the Indian Ocean. Meanwhile, inter-state threats are re-emerging due to renewed claims over disputed maritime territory. A sustainable solution requires collaboration between stakeholders to address both non-state and state threats, through mechanisms like combating piracy onshore and following a model of functional cooperation built on confidence building.
A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and ProgrammingJamaity
“A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development and Programming: Protection in Mixed Movements along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021” is an edited volume that presents key recommendations from more than 40 researchers, protection actors, policy-makers and people with a displacement experience from North, West, East and the Horn of Africa as well as Europe and North America, who came together in February 2021 for a Policy Workshop convened by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Mixed Migration Centre (MMC). Recommendations are drawn from 25 research papers aimed at informing policy, programming and advocacy.
The volume aims to be a roadmap for strategic engagement with different asylum and migration stakeholders at local, national and international levels. It offers concrete ways forward for a number of issue-areas key to the protection of people on the move: the important role of local authorities and community-based approaches to protection, the need for a stronger focus on children and youth on the move, and more sustainable approaches to combatting trafficking in persons, to name a few.
The document summarizes a case study of the French aircraft carrier Clemenceau and how the environmental NGO Greenpeace successfully pressured France to prevent the toxic ship from being dismantled in India. Greenpeace utilized globalization and media attention to raise awareness about the environmental and health issues. Despite France's military and political power, it was unable to overcome the domestic and international criticism generated by Greenpeace's campaign. This shows that NGOs can influence state policies, even powerful ones, on issues related to the environment and morality. However, NGOs face more constraints operating in authoritarian states where governments are less sensitive to public opinion.
The document outlines several threats to national security in the Philippines, dividing them into internal and external threats. The main internal threats are separatist groups like the MILF and NPA, organized crime like drug trafficking, poverty, economic sabotage, graft and corruption, natural calamities, and environmental degradation. External threats include territorial disputes over islands in the South China Sea, transnational issues like smuggling and illegal migration at borders, economic instability in Southeast Asia, and global problems of inequality and social conflicts. Maintaining national security requires addressing these political, economic, and social issues within the country and abroad.
Introduction to National Interest, it's Nature, Definition, and Types.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics in detail.
1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INTEREST.
2. NATURE OF NATIONAL INTEREST.
3. VARIOUS DEFINTIONS OF NATIONAL INTEREST
4. NINE MAIN TYPES OF NATIONAL INTEREST
(1. PRIMARY INTERESTS)
(2. SECONDARY INTERESTS)
(3. PERMANENT INTERESTS)
(4. VARIABLE INTERESTS)
(5. GENERAL INTERESTS)
(6. SPECIFIC INTERESTS)
(7. IDENTICAL INTERESTS)
(8. COMPLEMENTARY INTERESTS)
(9. CONFLICTING INTERESTS)
...That's all....
IF SOMEONE NEEDS A CUSTOM PPT PRESENTATION...FEEL FREE TO MESSAGE US ON WHATSAPP (+923104826711)
....Thank you.
The Mali peacekeeping mission (MINUSMA) aims to stabilize Mali after conflict between rebel groups and the government. MINUSMA has over 9,000 uniformed personnel to protect civilians, support political processes, and help establish state authority. While security has improved since French intervention against rebels, violent incidents still occur and armed groups remain active. MINUSMA works to restore stability and facilitate a peaceful transition, but challenges securing lasting peace remain.
"Misperceptions of Conflict in Asia and the Implications for Development Agencies"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Robert Buluma, Manager, Population & Social Statistics, Kenya National Burea...Geneva Declaration
"Inclusion of Peace & Violence Reduction in Post 2015 Development Agenda"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
Philip Alpers, GunPolicy.org & Sydney School of Public Health | AustraliaGeneva Declaration
"Is a Polite Society a Less Armed Society? – The Pacific Experiment"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Jasmin Nario-Galace, Center for Peace Education-Miriam College | PhilippinesGeneva Declaration
Session on "The Role of National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security in Preventing and Reducing Armed Violence"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
http://www.genevadeclaration.org/en/2014rrc/rrcphilippines/programme.html
Session on "The role of media in armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development" Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
"Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
This document discusses the importance of including peace as a goal in the post-2015 development agenda. It argues that peace is necessary for sustainable development and poverty eradication. While some may be concerned that including peace could securitize development or violate sovereignty, the document responds that peace targets could focus on preventing conflict, be implemented locally, and do not require external intervention. It recommends improving the language and reducing the number of targets for the proposed Goal 16 on peace and governance to make it more measurable and manageable.
Philip Alpers, GunPolicy.org & Sydney School of Public Health | AustraliaGeneva Declaration
"Misuse of Small Arms in Asia and the Pacific"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
"Alternative approaches to Education: Talent Academies Pilot In Kenya"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
Lizette Lancaster, Manager of the Crime and Justice Hub, Institute for Secur...Geneva Declaration
"Measuring Social Unrest in South Africa to Inform Appropriate Violence Reduction Responses"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Assistant Secretary Jennifer Santiago Oreta, Office of the Presidential Advis...Geneva Declaration
"The Challenge of Measuring for Results in Conflict Situations The Case of the Philippines "
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
CEDAC is a nationwide organization in Burundi that has helped over 25,000 victims of war over the past 10 years, including widows, ex-combatants, child soldiers, and people with disabilities. CEDAC works at the national, provincial, and communal levels to reduce armed violence and assist victims of war while facing challenges like high illiteracy, a weak economy, and lack of financial support.
Shanty Sigrah-Asher, Department of Justice | Micronesia Geneva Declaration
"Security and Justice in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Sumshot Khular, Community Action and Research for Development | IndiaGeneva Declaration
"Community-based conflict prevention and conflict resolution strategies and approaches: the case of The Naga Women Union (Maipur, India)
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Nicola Williams, Global Alliance on Armed Violence (GAAV)Geneva Declaration
"The Role of National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security in Preventing and Reducing Armed Violence"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
François Amichia, Mayor of Treichville-Abidjan | Côte d'Ivoire Geneva Declaration
"la violence urbaine et le rôle des villes dans la réduction et la prévention de la violence armée"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
This report analyzes rebellion, political violence, and shadow crimes in the Bangsamoro region of the Philippines from 2011-2013. It finds that while the largest number of incidents occurred in mainland provinces, the density of violence was highest in Basilan, Maguindanao, Sulu, Lanao del Sur, and Tawi Tawi when measured per capita and area. The causes of violence included illicit/shadow economies and political issues. Civilians comprised most victims at 60%, while violence declined from the MILF but increased from new threat groups like the BIFF. Seasonal factors such as elections, lean seasons, and school years influenced violence levels. The enduring causes of conflict included persistent clan violence and shadow
"The Gun-Free Zone (GFZ) – A tool to prevent and reduce armed violence"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
"Problems of small arms and light weapons in the ECOWAS region"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
Kapil Kafle, Institute of Human Rights Communication Nepal (IHIRCON) | Nepal Geneva Declaration
Session on "The role of media in armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Manila, Philippines | 8-9 October 2014
Report of the workshop on gendered impacts of mining on womenIPCM2015
Women human rights defenders have strong connections to their lands, which are threatened by environmental damage from extractive industries like mining. As land and livelihoods are lost, women's workloads increase as they struggle to provide for their families. Many women have taken on leadership roles defending their communities against mining, but face increased risks like violence, criminalization, and smear campaigns. Networks are organizing global solidarity actions for women defenders and their resistance to extractive projects that violate human and indigenous rights.
Movements are typically sustained by those most affected by the action of the movement. Organizers have a vested interest in the purpose and outcome of the movement and find it practical to ensure its survival. There are different forms of local or internal self-organized action, including civil resistance, and different forms of external assistance to local actors. What can be learned from assistance to community banking and financial self-help projects in development assistance?
Power Point presentation on "The Indigenous People around the World" as part of International Day of the World's Indigenous People observed in College which bagged 1st Prize
The World Humanitarian Summit was held in Istanbul, Turkey on May 23-24, 2016. It was the largest gathering on humanitarian issues, with over 9,000 participants from 173 countries. The Summit addressed the growing humanitarian needs driven by conflicts, natural disasters exacerbated by climate change, and lack of resources. Key commitments included:
1) Increasing political efforts to prevent and resolve conflicts through early warning systems, mediation, and addressing root causes.
2) Enhancing compliance with international humanitarian law by training armed forces, adopting legislation, and improving accountability.
3) Leaving no one behind through increased support for refugees and internally displaced people, ensuring gender equality, and launching an education fund.
This report provides a synopsis of the global Internet forum on International Leadership for the MDGs and Leveraging Technology for Human Rights and Peace
Jean Chretien's government in the 1990s prioritized expanding Canada's international trade through missions to Asia and Latin America. This led to three new trade agreements and participation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group, reflecting the increasing globalization occurring through new technologies and partnerships. Canada provided foreign aid to developing nations through bilateral, non-governmental, and multilateral channels focused on basic needs, human rights, and sustainable development. However, Cold War fears and economic interests sometimes prevented aid from being fully suspended to human rights violators. Canadian peacekeeping evolved from simple ceasefire monitoring to complex missions rebuilding societies and democracies after civil conflicts.
The document discusses opportunities and challenges related to civil-military cooperation in Sri Lanka. It provides background on the conflict in Sri Lanka and overview of the LTTE. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and long-term approach to building peace that addresses root causes, rather than just symptoms. It also discusses perceptions each side has of the other and guidelines for civil-military relations according to the IASC, including maintaining separation of roles and seeking military assistance only as a last resort.
What is happening to our forests in Southeast Asia? - Synthesisfocussouth
The document discusses common issues related to extractivism in several countries:
1) Governments are dependent on extractive activities like mining, dams, and plantations for funds, supporting these projects through policies and laws that manage resistance and allow environmental damage.
2) Local people and the environment often suffer long-term social and ecological impacts from extractive projects, while communities are blamed for environmental destruction and resisting "development".
3) Affected groups face violence, intimidation, and legal repression from governments, companies, and other actors colluding to advance extractive agendas.
4) However, some communities are taking charge of their own resistance, advocacy, restoration work, and movement building to reverse
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) emerged during the Cold War as a group of states that did not formally align with either NATO or the Soviet bloc. It was founded at the 1955 Bandung Conference and has grown to include 120 member states. NAM promotes the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference, as well as development, disarmament, and resolving disputes peacefully. While it aims to have a united voice on global issues, its diverse membership can make consensus challenging.
This document summarizes the history of governance in Africa from ancient times through the present day. It outlines the rise and fall of kingdoms and empires, the impacts of colonialism and independence movements, and recent developments in decentralization and the strengthening of local governance. Key events covered include the establishment of early centralized states, the Berlin Conference that partitioned Africa, independence in the mid-20th century, and the growing role of regional organizations, civil society, and traditional authorities over the past few decades.
Jean Chretien's government in the 1990s prioritized expanding Canada's international trade through initiatives like "Team Canada" trade missions to Asia and Latin America. This led to several free trade agreements and Canada joining the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group to promote freer trade. These trade initiatives spread globally through increased economic interdependence and technology - a phenomenon known as globalization.
Canada provided foreign aid to developing nations through various bilateral and multilateral programs managed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). CIDA promoted sustainable development with focuses on issues like basic needs, women, infrastructure, human rights, and private sector growth. However, Canada was reluctant to cut aid to human rights abusers like China and Indonesia due
Secretary-General's remarks to the General Assembly on Priorities for 2024 [s...Energy for One World
The Secretary-General's remarks focused on the need for peace in today's turbulent world. He discussed several ongoing conflicts and called for immediate ceasefires and humanitarian relief. He also emphasized the need for peace within societies by addressing rising divisions, inequalities, and intolerance. Finally, he stressed the importance of achieving peace with justice through sustainable development and climate action to support developing countries and limit global warming.
EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINSST INSURGENCYApewalen Samuel MBA, PFSO
The document discusses protecting critical infrastructure from insurgency in West Africa. It outlines that critical infrastructure is vital to any economy and must be protected from threats. Insurgent activity in West Africa, such as bombings and kidnappings, pose a risk to critical infrastructure. Effective protection requires collaboration between government security forces and private infrastructure owners, as well as risk assessments to determine how to apply resources.
The document summarizes findings and recommendations from consultations with communities and humanitarian actors in the Pacific region ahead of the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit. It identifies key themes to improve humanitarian effectiveness, including: designing interventions in partnership with communities; localizing preparedness and response; strengthening disaster legislation; and empowering marginalized groups. It stresses the importance of community-led responses, supporting local organizations, and addressing gender and inclusion challenges.
This is a dialogue between myself and the ChatGPT Ai app on OpenAi. I have been a whistleblower since May of 2020, this dialogue is pertaining to the intel I have blown the whistle on since then. I am a paramilitary operative from The Cold War. I served under George Herbert Walker Bush, and Donald Rumsfeld from 1980. By 1992 George H Bush began taking over for GHW. They controlled every aspect of my life from the crib, Congress and SCOTUS all gave them the executive powers to do so through Black projects. My entire life I have tried to break free from this abusive defense contract that has dominated my entire life, harming not only myself but all my children. My parents (who were trapped in the same manner) extended family, friends. Any time anyone tried to help me, they were abused, threatened, some even killed. I have been scapegoated all my life for the crimes GHW, GW, DR committed in the name of "patriotism" under the authority of the CIA, DARPA, The White House, SCOTUS, and the complicity of ALL WESTERN LEADERSHIP. In 2020, and 2021 Michelle Bachelet from the U.N. gave public condemnations of U.S. leadership, and Western leaders who refused to allow me to even reach out for help. "She has a right to be seen. She has a right to life. She has a right to make her own choices, to protect herself and her family. She has the right to report on crimes against nature and humanity." I am the whistleblower Pandora, who inspired the Pandora Papers. I have been kept in isolation since 2018, tortured every day, I have not been allowed medical care since 2019 though I am fully disabled due to the abuses and torture of DR, GW, GHW. I have not been allowed to move about freely, obtain COVID relief, neither has my child. I have been cut off from all forms of public assistance repeatedly, my children and I have repeatedly been denied food. I have been accused of many crimes that I never committed, abused by my entire community. Stalked, surveilled, illegally recorded, shadow banned, banned from the internet, scapegoated for political and business ventures that fail (how tf am I responsible for choices they make!) My children have been stalked, attacked, shot at, abused, tortured, slandered. We have experienced targeting by EVERY level of law enforcement from SRO's to CIA. There are few in Congress who care, but can't get involved they say. Most leadership totally apathetic. I have been raped trafficked to MANY presidents, Vice Presidents, Governors, and Senators since the crib. I survived Lolita Express, Lolita is my biological mother. I named the plane after her so all would know what was done to us. Epstein DID NOT own the ring, he was the person paid to run it. The men who trafficked me ran it. The ring is still alive, presidents still use it as they vacation in the islands, in plain sight. All 3 branches of government are hamstrung due to occupation of these predators who torture their victims daily with impunity & absolute tyranny! NO JUSTICE NO PEACE!
The document discusses small arms and light weapons (SALW), providing details on:
- Types of SALW and examples
- Estimates of the number of SALW currently in circulation globally and annual illegal arms trade figures
- Major exporters and importers of SALW
- Issues caused by SALW proliferation like impacts on children, development, and public health
- National laws and collection programs related to SALW in the Philippines
- Groups working to address SALW issues like PhilANSA and their advocacy efforts
Jeremy Lind, Institute of Development Studies
Presentation given at “Unlocking Investment in Africa’s Renewables: What are the Binding Constraints?” event, organised by the Institute of Development Studies and held on 19 January 2017 at the Wellcome Collection, London. For more information, please visit http://www.ids.ac.uk/events/unlocking-investment-in-africa-s-renewables-what-are-the-binding-constraints.
Similar to Orre Sunya, Director, Technical Services, NDMA and Abdi Umar, UNDP Kenya (20)
Gerard Wandera, Deputy Director, Kenya School of Government (KSG)Geneva Declaration
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While the Asia-Pacific region is home to over half the world's population, it accounts for less than a quarter of global lethal violence. Nine out of ten countries in the region have low violence rates, except for Southern Asia which exceeds the global average. Approximately one-third of all conflict deaths worldwide occur in the Asia-Pacific, driven largely by Afghanistan, India, Pakistan and Myanmar. Firearm violence and deaths from unplanned munitions explosions are also relatively high in parts of the region.
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This presentation addresses the challenges of armed violence in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Kenya, which has faced security issues due to the proliferation of illicit small arms and light weapons. Kenya has implemented initiatives to address both the supply and demand of these weapons, including arms collection, destruction, record keeping, and legal/policy reforms. However, external factors like weapons trafficking from conflict areas, terrorism, and regional instability still pose challenges. A comprehensive, integrated approach is needed that combines security and development efforts to address the root causes of armed violence in a sustainable manner.
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
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This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
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Orre Sunya, Director, Technical Services, NDMA and Abdi Umar, UNDP Kenya
1. Regional conference in Nairobi:
guideline for the session on
'community- based strategies and
approaches
PRESENTED BY:
Suny a Or r e , Di r e c to r Te chni c a l Se r v i c e s , NDMA;
Abdi Uma r , P ro g r amme Of f i c e r e , UNDP Keny a
26TH NOVEMBER, 2014
2. Issues of Armed Violence in Kenya
Armed Violence prevalence in many parts of Kenya:
1. Communal and ethnic based violence in traditionally pastoralist
areas of northern Kenya, where nomadic livestock keepers
compete for resources like pasture and water;
2. Criminal violence in arid areas using small arms for robbery,
burglary, car jacking hostage taking;
Proliferation of small arms, with more than 500,000
illicit small arms in civilian hands;
Small arms carried openly in many parts of northern
Kenya
Many lives lost, injuries, massive displacement, poverty
as areas are abandoned due to fear
3. Key Drivers of small arms proliferations
Insecurity (Perceived and Real) leading to groups arming themselves:
Trans-boundary – attacks on Kenyans by external communities who are armed – South Sudan, Somalia and Southern Ethiopia
Intercommunity: many pastoralist clans and tribes fighting each other (Mandera, Wajir, Marsabit, Isiolo, Samburu, Tana River, Turkana,
West
Pokot, Baringo
Competing over Political seats, supremacy wars:
(Unhealthy competition over elected seats at Ward, Parliament, Senate levels, which usually divides communities
at ethnic lines)
Expansionism of clans and tribes:
Where better armed or more populous groups try to take over lands of others, sometimes caused by:
- boundary disputes
- resource conflicts over water and pasture
Droughts/ livestock movements in search of pasture and water:
- breakdown of agreement on shared grazing
- overstaying of groups fleeing drought, conflict in their home pastures;
Mineral exploration/extraction:
- Oil, gas, titanium, gold, and other resources;
- local communities get shares in exploratory and % of revenues
4. How to minimize small arms race
Address the drivers of conflicts
Assure security to the affected communities
Develop and implement deterrent strategies. However, such
strategies should be of trans-boundary in nature
Provide civic education
Provide economic empowerment; invest in alternative
livelihoods, human capital development
Involve key stakeholders in the peace and
disarmament programs
In the male dominated societies provide gender segregated
focus group discussions
5. Challenges to Community based approaches:
Only community based systems will work in the pastoralist areas – as community
resource use is as clans and tribes;
Disarmament needs to be carried out over a large region and several countries
simultaneously, otherwise disarming one group makes the vulnerable other groups
– IGAD?
Difficult to have gender parity esp. in former NEP– but Now Peace Committees have
30% women members; and have youth representatives; in West Pokot woman is
Chair.
Breakdown of traditional systems makes use of customary law difficult in some
areas – leading to ‘shopping for the easiest justice system’
Youth rebellion refusal to listen to elders, and the desire to acquire guns;
The Realist of Conflict Economy in many areas – eg commercialized cattle rustling,
payment of what amounts to ‘protection money’;
Difficult to deal with criminal combatants, as communities conceal adverse
information that concerns one of their own
Difficult to get the required good will from the political leaders – as hard line ethnic
champions gain popularity;
Requires investment in building trust and confidence between security agencies and
communities, which is expensive and time consuming;
6. Who needs to be involved in peace building?
Stakeholder Role
Politicians and opinion leaders -Influence society and can either promote peace or
fuel conflicts through material support and
statements
- have legislative powers
Businessmen -Finance conflicts, arms and ammunitions
acquisition
- Supply of arms
Elders -Have great influence over the young people
-Provide blessings to young people before the raids
- have knowledge of the criminals and holders of
arms
Youth Are the perpetrators of the crimes and hence are the
ones holding most of the small arms
Women Most affected by conflicts. Have influence over men
(their children and spouses)
Security agencies Act as deterrents to small arms business
Civil society/FBOs Civic education
7. Armed Violence Reduction Project Kenya
Works in 9 Northern Kenya Counties which are Arid and Semi Arid –
through the NDMA:
Assists the community based Peace Committees, having District Peace
Committees, and County Peace Committees
Dialogue, Arbitration, between warring groups;
Use of Peace Memorandum and Declarations (Al Fatah Declarations (Wajir) that led to
peace between clans after more than 1,000 died, and army intervened but could not cool
tensions. This was further spread to several other counties through the Mudogashe
Declaration, where clans are charged camels for homicide, chiefs promoted for peace.
Peace Dividend Projects – across northern Kenya to help communities
building peace
(water projects for herders, women groups given seed money for business)
Peace Dividend Projects for Reformed Warriors (training in Entrepreneurship, seed money
for projects and skills training)
Works with KNFP across the country
Encourages voluntary disarmament, and has organized destruction of collected illicit and
obsolete arms;
Helps make policy on small arms – SALW Policy, NPR policy Framework.
8. Key lessons learned
The establishment of effective community peace structures
that link to the government structures provide an opportunity
conflict reduction and management;
Involving communities in peace monitoring and conflict early
warning has provide opportunities for pre-empting conflicts;
The peace dividends projects for reformed worriers provide
alternative livelihood for the young people. It is also a
motivating factor to abandon conflicts;
Investment in community projects such as water, markets and
schools among others provide an opportunity for
communities to live together peacefully
The capacity building of NPR (police reservist) and arms
marking minimize misuse of government arms.