This document discusses political parties and electoral systems. It begins by outlining political parties, their functions, and different types of party systems. It then defines electoral systems and categorizes them. Examples of electoral systems in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand are provided. Malaysia and Singapore use plurality voting systems while Indonesia and Thailand use proportional representation systems, with Indonesia using an open list and Thailand a closed list.

1. POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION
GMGG 5124
Political Parties
and
Election Systems
Presented by:
R A JA A B U M A N S H U R M AT R I D I
810083
ARVIN A/L POOBALAN
812442
NURIZYAN BINTI SAMSUDIN
812475
SRI LEDANG ROOM, MARCH 24, 2013

2. Outlines
Political Parties and
Electoral Systems
1 Political Parties
2 Party Functions
3 Type of Political Parties
4 Electoral Systems
5 Categories of Electoral Systems
6 Example in Southeast Asia Countries
SRI LEDANG, MARCH 24, 2013

3. Political Parties
Politics
Party
Political Parties
•

4. Party Functions
Organizing the election
Facilitating voter choice
Recruiting candidates
Michael P. Fix, 2009.
Screening candidates
Organizing a complex government
Aggregating interest
Educating citizens
Ensuring accountability
Promoting civic performance

5. Type of Political Parties
The One Party or No Party Systems
• A party system in which one political party controls the government and
voters have no option to choose an opposition party.
One-Party Dominant Systems
• A party system in which one large party direct the political system, but
small parties exist and may compete in election.
The Two-Party Systems
• A party system in which two main parties compete for majority control of
the government; small parties exist but play no role in national electoral
outcomes
Two and a half party systems
• A party system in which to large parties exist alongside a third party that
recieves a smaller but notable share of the national vote
Multi-Party Systems
• A party system with several important political parties, none of which
generally gains majority of the seats in the national legislature.
All Party Systems
• A party system in which every party will get a power-sharing based on the
achievement of results.
Emerson,2012.
Barrington.,2013.

6. Electoral system
• The set of rules that structure how votes are
cast at elections for a representative assembly
and how these votes are then converted into
seats in that assembly
• E.g. Ease of access to the ballot for would-be
candidates, the right vote, the fairness of the
administration of the election, the transparency
of the counting of the votes.
Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008

7. Categories of Electoral system
Broad Category Specific Types
Single-Member Single-Member Plurality (SMP)
Constituency System Alternative vote (AV)
Two-Round system (2SR)
Mixed System Mixed Compensatory
Mixed paralel
Closed-List System -
Preferential List System Open List
Flexible List
PR-STV -
Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008

8. EXAMPLE
MALAYSIA SINGAPORE
Consortium for Elections and Political Process Consortium for Elections and Political Process
Strengthening (CEPPS) 2012. Strengthening (CEPPS),2011.
The Sultan is elected by The President is elected by
hereditary state rulers plurality vote
The Prime Minister is appointed by
The Prime Minister is the President
designated by parliament The Parliament:
 9 members are elected by
The Senate: plurality vote
 44 members are appointed 75 members are elected through
by the monarch a group representation
constituency
The House of Representatives:  9 members are nominated by
 222 members are elected by the President
plurality vote  9 members are appointed from
a national compensatory list

9. CONTINUE
INDONESIA THAILAND
Consortium for Elections and Political Process Consortium for Elections and Political Process
Strengthening (CEPPS), 2010. Strengthening (CEPPS), 2011
The President is elected by The King is the hereditary head of
absolute majority state
The Prime Minister is appointed by
The Regional Representative the monarch
Council: The Senate:
132 members are elected by 74 members are appointed and
single non transferable vote 76 members are elected by single
non-transferable vote.
The House of Representatives: The House of Representatives:
560 members are elected by 375 members are elected by
open list proportional plurality vote
representation 125 members are elected
through a closed-list proportional
representation

10. COGNITIVE
T Y PP R O A F H
AP E O C
ELECTION
SYSTEM
PLURALITY
MALAYSIA VOTING
PLURALITY
SINGAPORE VOTING
PROPOTIONAL
INDONESIA VOTING
(OPEN-List)
PROPOTIONAL
THAILAND VOTING
(CLOSED-list)

11. POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATION
(GMGG 5124):
POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION SYSTEM
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