The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
Language functions - alexis john b. benedictoAlexisJohn5
This document discusses language functions and forms. Language functions refer to the purposes of communication, such as comparing, persuading, asking questions. Forms are the grammatical structures and vocabulary used to support functions, including verbs, nouns, prepositions. Examples are provided of common language functions in both oral and academic writing contexts. Language functions and forms work together - learners must acquire both to improve proficiency. Teachers should understand the functional and structural demands of tasks to support students' language development.
This document discusses language planning, which involves deliberate efforts to influence or change aspects of language use within a community. There are three main types of language planning: status planning determines a language's social functions and prestige; corpus planning focuses on structural changes through standardization and modernization; and acquisition planning aims to change how languages are learned. The goals and ideologies behind language planning vary but often include selecting an official language, developing writing systems, expanding vocabulary, and increasing a language's social domains and number of speakers. Effective language planning requires addressing issues of language rights and obtaining reliable linguistic data.
- Historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, focusing on the connections between languages, their historical development, and how they evolve through cultural contact.
- Descriptive linguistics investigates the structure of language at a specific point in time without considering changes over time.
- There is an interdependence between the diachronic (historical) and synchronic (descriptive) approaches, as the current state of a language is influenced by its history and synchronic variations can lead to diachronic changes.
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It defines articulation as the movement of speech organs like the tongue, lips and jaw to produce sounds. Sounds are classified by their place and manner of articulation. It describes different types of articulation like bilabial, alveolar, velar. It also explains the International Phonetic Alphabet used to represent speech sounds and distinguishes between vowels, semivowels, consonants based on their articulation and acoustic patterns. The production of speech involves processes like initiation, phonation, oro-nasal and articulation using different speech organs.
This document discusses lexical variation in language and how languages change over time. It provides an example of lexical variation, noting that it is using a linguistic element instead of another without changing the meaning. The document then discusses three main aspects of how language changes over time: vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciations. It provides an example of how the word "pea" developed a plural form over hundreds of years. The document also discusses regional dialects and differences in past tense formations between languages and dialects. It notes that linguistic changes occur when a new form used by a subgroup is adopted more widely as a norm.
This document contains an answer key for a reading comprehension test on sociolinguistic patterns. The test covers topics such as lexical and phonological differences caused by social class, the effects of urbanization on language, and how standardization can promote inequality. It also asks test-takers to identify factors that influence language use, such as social context, relationship between participants, and purpose of communication. The answer key provides explanations of phonological and grammatical variables in English varieties and how external sociolinguistic patterns can shape a language. It concludes that standard languages arise through deliberate planning over long periods rather than natural linguistic evolution.
The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
Language functions - alexis john b. benedictoAlexisJohn5
This document discusses language functions and forms. Language functions refer to the purposes of communication, such as comparing, persuading, asking questions. Forms are the grammatical structures and vocabulary used to support functions, including verbs, nouns, prepositions. Examples are provided of common language functions in both oral and academic writing contexts. Language functions and forms work together - learners must acquire both to improve proficiency. Teachers should understand the functional and structural demands of tasks to support students' language development.
This document discusses language planning, which involves deliberate efforts to influence or change aspects of language use within a community. There are three main types of language planning: status planning determines a language's social functions and prestige; corpus planning focuses on structural changes through standardization and modernization; and acquisition planning aims to change how languages are learned. The goals and ideologies behind language planning vary but often include selecting an official language, developing writing systems, expanding vocabulary, and increasing a language's social domains and number of speakers. Effective language planning requires addressing issues of language rights and obtaining reliable linguistic data.
- Historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, focusing on the connections between languages, their historical development, and how they evolve through cultural contact.
- Descriptive linguistics investigates the structure of language at a specific point in time without considering changes over time.
- There is an interdependence between the diachronic (historical) and synchronic (descriptive) approaches, as the current state of a language is influenced by its history and synchronic variations can lead to diachronic changes.
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It defines articulation as the movement of speech organs like the tongue, lips and jaw to produce sounds. Sounds are classified by their place and manner of articulation. It describes different types of articulation like bilabial, alveolar, velar. It also explains the International Phonetic Alphabet used to represent speech sounds and distinguishes between vowels, semivowels, consonants based on their articulation and acoustic patterns. The production of speech involves processes like initiation, phonation, oro-nasal and articulation using different speech organs.
This document discusses lexical variation in language and how languages change over time. It provides an example of lexical variation, noting that it is using a linguistic element instead of another without changing the meaning. The document then discusses three main aspects of how language changes over time: vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciations. It provides an example of how the word "pea" developed a plural form over hundreds of years. The document also discusses regional dialects and differences in past tense formations between languages and dialects. It notes that linguistic changes occur when a new form used by a subgroup is adopted more widely as a norm.
This document contains an answer key for a reading comprehension test on sociolinguistic patterns. The test covers topics such as lexical and phonological differences caused by social class, the effects of urbanization on language, and how standardization can promote inequality. It also asks test-takers to identify factors that influence language use, such as social context, relationship between participants, and purpose of communication. The answer key provides explanations of phonological and grammatical variables in English varieties and how external sociolinguistic patterns can shape a language. It concludes that standard languages arise through deliberate planning over long periods rather than natural linguistic evolution.
The document discusses strategies for teaching speaking skills. It begins by defining speaking and its importance for language learners. It then outlines three key areas of knowledge for speaking: mechanics, functions, and social/cultural rules. The document recommends using a balanced approach combining language input, structured output, and communicative output. It provides examples of activities for each, such as information gap activities, jigsaw activities, role plays and discussions. The overall goal is to provide authentic practice opportunities to help students communicate effectively.
This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound systems in languages. It discusses key concepts like phonemes, allophones, and phonetic elements. The document outlines categories of phonology like vowels and consonants. It describes features of speech like stress, intonation, and rhythm. The document also discusses the importance of phonology for language learning, noting how sounds are linked and how pronunciation impacts spelling. It provides examples of classroom activities to teach pronunciation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of teachers having strong phonological knowledge to teach students.
Sociolinguistics emerged as an important field of language study in the 1960s as researchers began examining the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistics focuses on how social factors like age, gender, social class, and relationships influence the way people use language in different contexts. Some key aspects of sociolinguistic study include language variation according to dialect, accent, and register; diglossia, where communities use more than one language in different social settings; and bilingualism, the use of two languages.
Roshna presented on the topic of forensic linguistics to Farkhanda. The presentation introduced forensic linguistics as the analysis of written and spoken language for legal purposes. It discussed how forensic linguists study language used in legal settings and investigations. The presentation also outlined some key applications of forensic linguistics like authorship identification, linguistic analysis of text evidence, and speaker analysis, as well as related areas like document examination and plagiarism detection.
The document provides guidance for teaching basic early reading skills to children including learning letter sounds, letter formation, blending sounds, identifying sounds in words, and tricky words. It outlines activities for teaching letter sounds such as using action rhymes and sound sheets, and recommends techniques for blending, reading, writing, and developing proper pencil grip. Games, books, and workbooks are also suggested to reinforce learning letter sounds and blending them to read simple words.
This document discusses the relationship between language and society. It explains that members of a social group use language in distinctive ways, developing shared rules, norms, and expectations. Sociolinguistics examines the connections between language and social factors like social class, education, age, gender, and ethnic background, which can influence social dialects. Additionally, an individual's idiolect, style, register, and use of jargon are shaped by social context and membership in different social groups. In summary, language is profoundly shaped by the societies and cultures that use it in various, complex ways.
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that identifies and solves real-world language problems. It applies the knowledge of linguistics to improve practical tasks involving language. Some related fields are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics investigates language learning and teaching problems, the role of language in culture and society, and finds solutions to language issues linguistics cannot solve alone. It covers domains like computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and others.
This document provides an overview of theories surrounding language change. It discusses Jean Aitchison's view that there are three perspectives on language change: decay, progress, or neither. It also outlines Labov's studies showing both conscious and unconscious language changes. Types of language change and their causes are explored, such as ease of articulation and prestige. Theories for why and how language changes are examined, including functional theory, random fluctuation theory, and substratum theory. The processes of potential change, implementation, and diffusion are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
A short overview on Ethnography of communication. The slides briefly shed light on EOC as an approach to discourse analysis. There are few photos along with the material to help reads glean some insight into the subject.
The document discusses language choice and use of first language versus second language in the classroom. It explores why teachers and students use first language, including lack of competence, developing tasks, controlling discipline, giving feedback, explaining, translating, giving instructions, checking understanding, gaining attention, testing, and friendly talk. Code switching between first and second languages is common when students and teachers share the same mother tongue.
This document discusses the causes of language change over time. There are three main causes: geographical separation, when dialects emerge as populations become isolated; borrowing, when languages adopt words and features from other languages they are exposed to; and internal change, which occurs naturally through processes like sound changes and shifts in meaning. Language also changes through social differentiation as groups adopt distinctive language varieties, and through natural processes that become conventionalized, like casual pronunciation changes.
This document provides an overview of key terms and concepts in linguistics. It discusses the main branches of phonetics including articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and language-specific phonetics. Phonology is introduced as the study of sound systems in language. Morphology and syntax are summarized as the study of morphemes and sentence structure, respectively. Semantics and pragmatics refer to the study of meaning and language use. The document also outlines the main schools of thought in formal linguistics, including traditional grammar, structural linguistics, and generative/transformational grammar developed by Noam Chomsky.
This document provides an overview of language planning and policy. It defines language planning as deliberate efforts to influence the structure, function, or acquisition of languages. Language planning can be undertaken by governments or other organizations and involves goals like standardization, modernization, or changing writing systems. The document also discusses the main dimensions of language planning, including corpus planning (structure), status planning (social function), acquisition planning (education), and prestige planning (image). It provides examples of language planning models and goals within each dimension.
Semantics refers to the literal meaning of language as found in dictionaries, while pragmatics considers the intended meaning based on context. Pragmatics studies how the meaning of an utterance depends on the physical, epistemic, linguistic, and social context rather than just the words themselves. It recognizes that the same words can communicate different meanings based on factors like tone of voice, facial expressions, prior discussions, and the relationship between the speaker and listener.
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )Ani Istiana
This document discusses linguistic varieties and multilingual nations. It begins by noting over half the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, acquiring languages for different purposes. It then defines terms like vernacular, which refers to non-standardized first languages; standard languages, which are written and codified; lingua francas for communication between groups; pidgins which develop for communication without a shared language; and creoles which become primary languages. The document provides examples of these terms from Bali, and discusses factors in planning a national language like selection, codification, extending functions, and securing acceptance.
The document outlines a 30-minute lesson plan for a class of 24 5-6 year old students focusing on parts of the body. The lesson will introduce vocabulary related to body parts through flashcards and an activity where students stick body parts onto figures. Students will then draw their own bodies using the vocabulary. The lesson incorporates songs, flashcards, drawing and repetition of vocabulary to develop speaking skills while engaging multiple intelligences.
The document discusses sociolinguistics and language variation. It defines sociolinguistics as the systematic study of language in society, focusing on how individuals and groups use language in social contexts. There are three main perspectives in sociolinguistics: geographic, examining regional dialects; anthropological, studying the relationship between language, culture and thought; and sociological, analyzing the link between social relations and language varieties. Speech communities are groups that share the same or similar language varieties. Varieties include dialects, sociolects, and idiolects, which differ by region, social class, gender, age, and ethnicity at the lexical, phonological and syntactic levels. Pidgins are simplified mixed languages for basic communication between
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Key aspects studied include languages in contact, language variation, and language and gender. [1] Language varies based on social factors like gender, age, social class, and ethnicity. [2] Men and women tend to use language differently, with women generally using more questions, self-disclosure, and minimal responses while men tend toward verbal aggression and changing conversation topics. [3] The study of language variation according to social factors provides insights into membership in social groups and cultural norms.
The document discusses phonemes, pronunciation, accents, and dialects in phonetics and phonology. It begins by defining phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. Phonology is concerned with how sounds pattern and combine in a language. The document provides examples of how sounds are represented symbolically and contrasts how they may differ from letters. It also distinguishes between accents, which refer to pronunciation variations, and dialects, which incorporate differences in vocabulary and grammar. In summary, the document introduces key concepts and terminology in phonetics and phonology, with a focus on phonemes, pronunciation variations, and the fields' analytical approaches.
This document discusses English diphthongs and their pronunciation. It covers the main diphthongs in English like /ei/, /ou/, /ai/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/, /ɪə/, /εə//eə/, /oə/, and /ʊə/. For each diphthong, it provides the pronunciation, spelling patterns, and examples of words containing that diphthong sound. It also briefly mentions triphthongs occurring in English like /aiə/, /eiə/, /auə/, /əuə/, and /oiə/ with examples words containing those sounds.
The document discusses strategies for teaching speaking skills. It begins by defining speaking and its importance for language learners. It then outlines three key areas of knowledge for speaking: mechanics, functions, and social/cultural rules. The document recommends using a balanced approach combining language input, structured output, and communicative output. It provides examples of activities for each, such as information gap activities, jigsaw activities, role plays and discussions. The overall goal is to provide authentic practice opportunities to help students communicate effectively.
This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound systems in languages. It discusses key concepts like phonemes, allophones, and phonetic elements. The document outlines categories of phonology like vowels and consonants. It describes features of speech like stress, intonation, and rhythm. The document also discusses the importance of phonology for language learning, noting how sounds are linked and how pronunciation impacts spelling. It provides examples of classroom activities to teach pronunciation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of teachers having strong phonological knowledge to teach students.
Sociolinguistics emerged as an important field of language study in the 1960s as researchers began examining the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistics focuses on how social factors like age, gender, social class, and relationships influence the way people use language in different contexts. Some key aspects of sociolinguistic study include language variation according to dialect, accent, and register; diglossia, where communities use more than one language in different social settings; and bilingualism, the use of two languages.
Roshna presented on the topic of forensic linguistics to Farkhanda. The presentation introduced forensic linguistics as the analysis of written and spoken language for legal purposes. It discussed how forensic linguists study language used in legal settings and investigations. The presentation also outlined some key applications of forensic linguistics like authorship identification, linguistic analysis of text evidence, and speaker analysis, as well as related areas like document examination and plagiarism detection.
The document provides guidance for teaching basic early reading skills to children including learning letter sounds, letter formation, blending sounds, identifying sounds in words, and tricky words. It outlines activities for teaching letter sounds such as using action rhymes and sound sheets, and recommends techniques for blending, reading, writing, and developing proper pencil grip. Games, books, and workbooks are also suggested to reinforce learning letter sounds and blending them to read simple words.
This document discusses the relationship between language and society. It explains that members of a social group use language in distinctive ways, developing shared rules, norms, and expectations. Sociolinguistics examines the connections between language and social factors like social class, education, age, gender, and ethnic background, which can influence social dialects. Additionally, an individual's idiolect, style, register, and use of jargon are shaped by social context and membership in different social groups. In summary, language is profoundly shaped by the societies and cultures that use it in various, complex ways.
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that identifies and solves real-world language problems. It applies the knowledge of linguistics to improve practical tasks involving language. Some related fields are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics investigates language learning and teaching problems, the role of language in culture and society, and finds solutions to language issues linguistics cannot solve alone. It covers domains like computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and others.
This document provides an overview of theories surrounding language change. It discusses Jean Aitchison's view that there are three perspectives on language change: decay, progress, or neither. It also outlines Labov's studies showing both conscious and unconscious language changes. Types of language change and their causes are explored, such as ease of articulation and prestige. Theories for why and how language changes are examined, including functional theory, random fluctuation theory, and substratum theory. The processes of potential change, implementation, and diffusion are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis for language teachers. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language beyond the sentence level and how language is used in different communicative contexts. A brief history is given of the field, including contributions from speech act theory, functional linguistics, and ethnomethodology. Models for analyzing spoken discourse, such as question-answer sequences and conversations, and written discourse are described. The document also discusses how discourse analysis examines the form and function of language as well as interpretation of texts and recurring patterns. The conclusion emphasizes what can be learned about argument construction and social practices through discourse analysis.
A short overview on Ethnography of communication. The slides briefly shed light on EOC as an approach to discourse analysis. There are few photos along with the material to help reads glean some insight into the subject.
The document discusses language choice and use of first language versus second language in the classroom. It explores why teachers and students use first language, including lack of competence, developing tasks, controlling discipline, giving feedback, explaining, translating, giving instructions, checking understanding, gaining attention, testing, and friendly talk. Code switching between first and second languages is common when students and teachers share the same mother tongue.
This document discusses the causes of language change over time. There are three main causes: geographical separation, when dialects emerge as populations become isolated; borrowing, when languages adopt words and features from other languages they are exposed to; and internal change, which occurs naturally through processes like sound changes and shifts in meaning. Language also changes through social differentiation as groups adopt distinctive language varieties, and through natural processes that become conventionalized, like casual pronunciation changes.
This document provides an overview of key terms and concepts in linguistics. It discusses the main branches of phonetics including articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and language-specific phonetics. Phonology is introduced as the study of sound systems in language. Morphology and syntax are summarized as the study of morphemes and sentence structure, respectively. Semantics and pragmatics refer to the study of meaning and language use. The document also outlines the main schools of thought in formal linguistics, including traditional grammar, structural linguistics, and generative/transformational grammar developed by Noam Chomsky.
This document provides an overview of language planning and policy. It defines language planning as deliberate efforts to influence the structure, function, or acquisition of languages. Language planning can be undertaken by governments or other organizations and involves goals like standardization, modernization, or changing writing systems. The document also discusses the main dimensions of language planning, including corpus planning (structure), status planning (social function), acquisition planning (education), and prestige planning (image). It provides examples of language planning models and goals within each dimension.
Semantics refers to the literal meaning of language as found in dictionaries, while pragmatics considers the intended meaning based on context. Pragmatics studies how the meaning of an utterance depends on the physical, epistemic, linguistic, and social context rather than just the words themselves. It recognizes that the same words can communicate different meanings based on factors like tone of voice, facial expressions, prior discussions, and the relationship between the speaker and listener.
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )Ani Istiana
This document discusses linguistic varieties and multilingual nations. It begins by noting over half the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, acquiring languages for different purposes. It then defines terms like vernacular, which refers to non-standardized first languages; standard languages, which are written and codified; lingua francas for communication between groups; pidgins which develop for communication without a shared language; and creoles which become primary languages. The document provides examples of these terms from Bali, and discusses factors in planning a national language like selection, codification, extending functions, and securing acceptance.
The document outlines a 30-minute lesson plan for a class of 24 5-6 year old students focusing on parts of the body. The lesson will introduce vocabulary related to body parts through flashcards and an activity where students stick body parts onto figures. Students will then draw their own bodies using the vocabulary. The lesson incorporates songs, flashcards, drawing and repetition of vocabulary to develop speaking skills while engaging multiple intelligences.
The document discusses sociolinguistics and language variation. It defines sociolinguistics as the systematic study of language in society, focusing on how individuals and groups use language in social contexts. There are three main perspectives in sociolinguistics: geographic, examining regional dialects; anthropological, studying the relationship between language, culture and thought; and sociological, analyzing the link between social relations and language varieties. Speech communities are groups that share the same or similar language varieties. Varieties include dialects, sociolects, and idiolects, which differ by region, social class, gender, age, and ethnicity at the lexical, phonological and syntactic levels. Pidgins are simplified mixed languages for basic communication between
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Key aspects studied include languages in contact, language variation, and language and gender. [1] Language varies based on social factors like gender, age, social class, and ethnicity. [2] Men and women tend to use language differently, with women generally using more questions, self-disclosure, and minimal responses while men tend toward verbal aggression and changing conversation topics. [3] The study of language variation according to social factors provides insights into membership in social groups and cultural norms.
The document discusses phonemes, pronunciation, accents, and dialects in phonetics and phonology. It begins by defining phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. Phonology is concerned with how sounds pattern and combine in a language. The document provides examples of how sounds are represented symbolically and contrasts how they may differ from letters. It also distinguishes between accents, which refer to pronunciation variations, and dialects, which incorporate differences in vocabulary and grammar. In summary, the document introduces key concepts and terminology in phonetics and phonology, with a focus on phonemes, pronunciation variations, and the fields' analytical approaches.
This document discusses English diphthongs and their pronunciation. It covers the main diphthongs in English like /ei/, /ou/, /ai/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/, /ɪə/, /εə//eə/, /oə/, and /ʊə/. For each diphthong, it provides the pronunciation, spelling patterns, and examples of words containing that diphthong sound. It also briefly mentions triphthongs occurring in English like /aiə/, /eiə/, /auə/, /əuə/, and /oiə/ with examples words containing those sounds.
This document provides a summary of fun facts about various languages from around the world according to Judy Hochberg, a linguist at Fordham University. It discusses interesting tidbits about 20 languages, including that the different varieties of Arabic are generally not mutually intelligible, Basque is an isolate language unrelated to any other, and Chinese uses noun classifiers. It also notes features of languages like French's reduced pronunciation, German's multiple plural forms, and similarities between English and Hindi numbers.
This document outlines the consonant sounds of English, discussing their places and manners of articulation. It defines consonants as sounds produced with an obstruction of airflow from the lungs. It then describes the 8 places of articulation for English consonants: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palato-alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. The document also discusses the 6 manners of articulation for English consonants: plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, and approximants. Tables provide an overview of the consonant phonemes in English organized by place and manner of articulation.
This document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language, while phonetics is the physical properties and production of speech sounds. A phoneme is a meaningful sound unit in a language, represented between slashes. An allophone is a phonetic realization of a phoneme. For example, the 'p' sound in 'paper' and 'spill' are allophones of the phoneme /p/ in English. Phonemes contrast meaning between words, like 'rowing' vs. 'mowing', while allophones do not change meaning. The minimal pairs test examines if two sounds can change the meaning of words when swapped, like "take" vs. "tape".
Jimary is a 14-year-old ESL student who lives in the US and receives English language services for 45 minutes per day. She speaks Spanish at home and with friends. Both English and Spanish use the same letter symbols and have similarities in terms of pluralization and verb conjugation, but Spanish also includes additional letters and rules for pronunciation. The document provides details on linguistic differences between English and Spanish and strategies for supporting Jimary's English language development.
This document provides an introduction to learning basic French. It begins with an overview of pronouncing and writing French, including the alphabet, common sounds, and rules for liaison, elision, and enchainement. It then covers topics such as greetings, numbers, basic vocabulary, verbs, questions, objects, adjectives, and more. The goal is to teach readers enough French to communicate in everyday situations in a short amount of time.
This document compares and contrasts the English and Spanish languages. It discusses differences in their alphabets, sounds, punctuation, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. It also provides an example analysis of errors made by an English language learner whose first language is Spanish, noting common issues with verb tense, phonetic sounds, and possible reasons for the errors based on differences between the two languages. Suggestions are made for ESL teachers to methodically teach English, starting simply and gradually increasing difficulty.
Jorge Diaz is a 23-year-old Mexican immigrant who has lived in the United States for 3.5 years and currently works in the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania. He moved to Pennsylvania from Texas and has never taken an official English course, instead learning through conversations with bilingual friends and coworkers. The document analyzes differences and similarities between Spanish and English phonology and grammar and provides examples of errors Jorge makes in his English, related to pronunciation, tense, articles, and other issues. It recommends that continued conversation practice and adult ESL classes would benefit Jorge's further English language acquisition.
Jorge Diaz is a 23-year-old Mexican immigrant who has lived in the United States for 3.5 years and currently works in the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania. He moved from Texas and has never taken an official English course, instead learning through conversations with bilingual friends and coworkers. The document analyzes differences and similarities between Spanish and English phonology and grammar that impact Jorge's language acquisition and provides examples of errors in his speech. It recommends continued conversation practice and adult ELL courses to help Jorge improve his pronunciation and language skills.
Jorge Diaz is a 23-year-old Mexican immigrant who has lived in the United States for 3.5 years and currently works in the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania. He moved to Pennsylvania from Texas and has never taken an official English course, instead learning through conversations with bilingual friends and coworkers. The document analyzes differences and similarities between Spanish and English phonology and grammar and provides examples of errors Jorge makes in his English, related to pronunciation, tense, articles, and other issues. It recommends that continued conversations, adult ELL classes, and reading will help Jorge improve his English acquisition over time.
Jorge Diaz is a 23-year-old Mexican immigrant who has lived in the United States for 3.5 years and currently works in the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania. He moved to Pennsylvania from Texas and has never taken an official English course, instead learning through conversations with bilingual friends and coworkers. The document analyzes differences and similarities between Spanish and English phonology and grammar and provides examples of errors Jorge makes in his English, related to pronunciation, tense, articles, and other issues. It recommends that continued conversation practice and adult ESL classes would benefit Jorge's English language acquisition.
Jorge Diaz is a 23-year-old Mexican immigrant who has lived in the United States for 3.5 years and currently works in the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania. He moved from Texas and has never taken an official English course, instead learning through conversations with bilingual friends and coworkers. The document analyzes differences and similarities between Spanish and English phonology and grammar that impact Jorge's language acquisition and provides examples of errors in his speech. It recommends continued conversation practice and adult ELL courses to help Jorge improve his pronunciation and language skills.
This document discusses various English accents and dialects from around the world. It defines an accent as how words are pronounced, and a dialect as words that are only used in some regions. It then proceeds to describe the characteristics of several major English accents, including Received Pronunciation (RP) used by the BBC in England; Scottish, Irish, Liverpudlian, Cockney, New York, Southern US, Canadian, Australian accents. Key features mentioned include pronunciation of vowels, addition or omission of 'r' sounds, and use of unique vocabulary terms. The document serves to illustrate the wide diversity in English pronunciation across different cultures and locations.
This document provides rules for pronunciation in Spanish. It discusses the sounds of the vowels a, e, i, o, u and consonants like c, g, z, q, j, h, y, r. For each letter, it explains how its sound changes depending on the letters around it. For example, c sounds like z before e or i but like k otherwise, g sounds like j before e or i but like g in "got" before a, o, u. It also discusses the sounds of digraphs like rr and ñ. Links to pronunciation resources are provided at the end.
This document provides information and suggestions to help Spanish speakers improve their English pronunciation. It identifies the most difficult English vowel sounds for Spanish speakers, such as /ʊ/, /ɪː/, /ʌ/, and /j/. It also discusses pronouncing suffixes like "-tion" and "-ture", homophones, the "s" sound at the beginning of words, and regular past tense verbs ending in "ed". The document concludes by recommending that Spanish speakers listen to model pronunciations, learn phonetic symbols, speak English frequently, and expose themselves to different accents to enhance their pronunciation skills.
Use Of Stress And Intonation In Newspaper HeadingsDr. Cupid Lucid
The document discusses the use of stress and intonation in English language newspaper headings to convey important information and meaning. It provides details on word stress, sentence stress, tone, pitch, kinds of tones used in English including falling, rising, and falling-rise tones. It explains the accentual and non-accentual intonation functions and gives examples of how stress and intonation are used to distinguish statements, questions, commands, exclamations and question tags.
This document discusses features of pronunciation in English, including phonemes, vowels, consonants, suprasegmental features, and articulation. It covers the categories of phonemes, types of vowels and diphthongs, places and manners of articulation for consonants, and suprasegmental features like stress and intonation. Phonetics is defined as the study of speech sounds, including their physiological, acoustic, and perceptual properties. Phonology deals with interpreting and systematizing the pattern of sounds in a given language.
French is an integral part of all hospitality management higher education programs. Students from countries like India already are struggling with English and here comes the mysterious French to make matters worse, Google Transalate & Google lens are very helpful in this regard.
Use Of Stress And Intonation In Newspaper HeadingsDr. Cupid Lucid
The document discusses the use of stress and intonation in English language newspaper headings. It provides details on word stress, sentence stress, weak forms in English, and the different types of tones used in intonation such as falling, rising-falling, and falling-rising tones. Examples are given of how stress and intonation can change the meaning of sentences and newspaper headlines.
Similar to Common pronunciation errors native Yoruba and French speakers make in English (20)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
2. YORUBA
Yoruba is one of the major languages in
Nigeria. It is mostly spoken in the Southwest
of Nigeria.
3. FRENCH
French, it is a Romance language spoken in
all the continents. However, it is more spoken
in Europe, especially in France where it's the
official language.
4. MAJOR DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN
YORUBA AND FRENCH
Yoruba is a tonal language where the meaning of a particular word
changes according to the pitch of pronunciation. For example, in the
words ọkó (hoe), ọkò (vehicle) and ọkọ (husband), it is the pitch of
the voice that determines which one a speaker is referring to.
French is a gendered language in which nouns are classified mainly into
masculine and feminine: un livre (m), une salle (f), un stylo (m) etc.
5. T H R E E M A J O R P RO N U N C I A T I O N E R RO R S
M A D E B Y YO RU B A A N D F R E N C H S P E A K E R S
The consonant ‘h’
This sound is silent in Yoruba. Ex: ohun (voice), ahọn (tongue), ehoro (hare).
Similarly, in French, a number of words are written with the letter ‘h’, but it is mostly
silent. For instance, hier [jεR]— yesterday; réhabilitation [Reabilitasjɔ̃]– rehabilitation;
habileté [abilete]— skill; habitant [abitɑ̃]—habitant. However, the ‘h’ sound is
pronounced in English, except in words like hour, honour, honest etc.
Due to the absence of “h” sound in Yoruba and French, the Native speakers tend
not to pronounce the “h” of English words at all or ignore it when it is required and
pronounce it when it's silent.
6. T H R E E M A J O R P RO N U N C I A T I O N E R RO R S
M A D E B Y YO RU B A A N D F R E N C H S P E A K E R S
The θ and ð sounds
These consonants figure in words with ‘th’ in English. The Yoruba and French
languages do not have these sounds and substitute with other consonants when
pronouncing words like mother /'mʌðə/, thing/ /'θɪŋ/, smooth /'smu:ð/.
French speakers substitute the sounds with “s” or “z”, while Yoruba speakers
use “t” for θ and ‘d’ for “ð”.
7. T H R E E M A J O R P RO N U N C I A T I O N E R RO R S
M A D E B Y YO RU B A A N D F R E N C H S P E A K E R S
The “tʃ” sound
This sound is represented by “ch” in English words and neither exist
in Yoruba nor in French, making it difficult for the native speakers of
these languages to pronounce English words like check/'tʃek/,
chat/'tʃæt/, teacher /'ti:tʃə/ The sound is rather substituted with ʃ
(sh) by these speakers.
8. CONCLUSION
Many Yoruba and French native speakers of English do not or no
longer make these pronunciation errors when they speak. It is possible
to overcome these problems through a conscious effort.
Bibliography
Cambridge Dictionary Online: English Dictionary and Thesaurus -
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/