Sociolinguistics emerged as an important field of language study in the 1960s as researchers began examining the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistics focuses on how social factors like age, gender, social class, and relationships influence the way people use language in different contexts. Some key aspects of sociolinguistic study include language variation according to dialect, accent, and register; diglossia, where communities use more than one language in different social settings; and bilingualism, the use of two languages.

1. S OCIOLINGUISTICS ,
ORIGINS AND
DEFINITIONS
This document explains how and when sociolinguistic become an
important area of the language field in relation with society.
Eduardo Hernández Rangel
29/08/2009

2. 29-8-2009
SOCIOLINGUISTICS, ORIGINS AND
DEFINITIONS
In 1960’s the word sociolinguistics was popularized under the general terms,
sociolinguistics and sociology of language (2(Mckay, 2005). Both concepts were
initially used indistinctly but eventually differences in meaning were assigned.
While sociolinguistics involves the relation between languages and society;
sociology involves explanations and predictions about the language in society in
a group of people. First, sociolinguistics became a very popular field of study
and many studies concern fields of language, gender studies, pidgin and creole
studies, language planning, policy studies, and linguistics minorities studies
(Brown, 2000). Second, sociology is a field of human science which concerns
the study of social relations, social stratification, social interaction, culture and
deviance. In my opinion, both concepts are almost the same, but sociology pay
specific attention on the effect of language on society; however, sociolinguistics
focuses on the effect of language on society. The differences between them are
not really the concepts; they are about what somebody wants to study, the
language or the society in order to focus in sociolinguistics or sociology
respectively.
According to McKey (2005), sociolinguistics is a field of linguistics that studies
the relation between language and social factors and how they are used in
different situations.
When two speakers establish a conversation, their conversation is influenced by
different social factors, for example, age, sex, social class, relationship between
one and other. For example, if we consider how a person can request “close the
door to another person"
Politely, "Could you please close the door?"
Less politely, "Why you do not close the door"
Rough, "Close the door!"
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There are different factors that permit to convey the message in the appropriate
way; this permit to ensure that the message is received in the correct form. For
example:
How do they know each other?
Te conversation is formal or informal.
The status relationship
Social roles.
Topic.
It depends on how somebody knows another person. It is used a specific variety
of language or code of language, and it occurs in a same neighborhood, but if it
occurs in a wide geographical area is called diglossia, where people have
different languages, dialect and accents.
For me, a variety of languages mean that individual person has his own
particular form of express or transmits something, and it depends about the
characteristics of the person who is talking, for example this may include
dialects, accents, registers or styles. While diglossia is the condition that a
community has for using more than one language and it is used in a particular
setting. One form is the literary or prestige dialect, and the other is a common
dialect spoken by most of the population. In the same way if a person speaks
more than one language, it is called bilingualism, and it is the condition that has
somebody to talk in tow language, if he or she speaks in the language that he
feels more comfortable, it is his dominant language. A person who speaks two
languages, and he recognizes the same meaning for a specific word, it is
considered a compound bilingualism. In the other hand, a person who speaks
both languages fluently, it is called balanced bilingual.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, S. a. (2000). Understanding language, structre, interaccion, and
variation. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
Mckay, S. L. (2005). Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and
Learning. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Romaine, S. (1994). Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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