Committees are groups formed to make or recommend decisions on specific issues. Key characteristics of committees include having at least two members, dealing with defined problems, and members having authority through voting. Committees can make final decisions or recommend actions. Group behavior in committees encourages participation, conformity to group pressure, and a decision process of acquiring information, forming opinions, and making suggestions. Selecting appropriate members, clearly defining the committee's authority and scope, and having an effective chairman who plans meetings and motivates members are important for an effective committee.

1. COMMITTEES

2. MEANING OF COMMITTEE
• Literally, the word
‘committee’ means
those to whom some
matter or charge is
committed.

3. DEFINITION
• A committee may be
defined as a group of
persons in an
organization for
making or
recommending certain
decisions.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMITTEE:-
• A committee is a group of
persons; there should be at
least two persons limitation
on the maximum number of
persons.
• A committee is charged with
dealing with specific
problems and it cannot go in
for actions in all spheres of
activities.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMITTEE:-
• Members of the committee have
authority to go into details of the
problem. This authority usually is
expressed in terms of one vote for each
member.
• A committee may have the authority
either to make a final decision or it may
merely deliberate on problems without
authority to decide.
• A committee may be constituted at any
level of organization. Moreover, the
members of a committee may be drawn
from various levels.

6. GROUP BEHAVIOUR IN
COMMITTEE
• The term “meeting” refers to
group deliberation through which
members are able to
communicate face-to-face with
each other.
• committee meeting is a type of
group behaviour.
• committee is a formal group, its
process must conform to
organizational prescriptions

8. CHAIRMAN-MEMBER
RELATIONSHIP
CHAIRMAN-MEMBER
RELATIONSHIP
DECISION PROCESSDECISION PROCESS
GROUP PRESSUREGROUP PRESSURE
PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION GROUP BEHAVIORGROUP BEHAVIOR

9. CHAIRMAN-MEMBERS
RELATIONSHIP
• A committee may have its own structure
with responsibility and authority entrusted
to every member.
• All members enjoy equal authority based
on one-man one-vote.
• The chairman of the committee may be
given more authority in the form of a
casting vote to break deadlock and to
arrive at some decision the responsibility
of chairman to integrate the ideas of
committee members

10. PARTICIPATION
• Group behaviour in committee tends to
enforce participation from every
member.
• Participation of members is important
for arriving at some decision on a
matter.
• When members participate in
deliberations, they are likely to change
some of their stands held as
independent social element.
• This often brings mutually agreed upon
decision.

11. GROUP PRESSURE
• First, it is generally felt that very act of
integrating and pooling of ideas and views
within the group results in a product that is
greater than the sum of individual
contributions.
• Second, the more loyalty one member
feels towards other members of the
committee, the more he tends to conform
to group pressure. Therefore, the need of
a member is to be liked and respected
makes him to work according to the
general thinking of the group.

12. DECISION PROCESS
• First, at the initial stage, the
group tries to acquire the largest
pool of common information
about the situation.
• Second, the group tries to make
inference and evaluation of
information and to form common
opinions in a general way.
• Third, it gets around more
specific suggestions and
solutions to the problem

17. CONSOLIDATION OF
AUTHORITY

18. REPRESENTATION OF INTEREST GROUP

19. FACILITY FOR COORDINATION

20. TRANSMISSION & SHARING OF
INFORMATION

21. FEAR OF TOO MUCH AUTHORITY IN A
SINGLE PERSON

22. A TOOL OF MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT

23. POOLING OF KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE

24. PROBLEMS IN COMMITTEES:-
• HIGH COST
• SLOW DECISIONS
• INDECISION
• MINORITY TYRANNY.
• SPLITTING OF RESPONSIBILITY.

25. MEASURES FOR MAKING COMMITTEES
EFFECTIVE
A persual of plus and minus
points of committees
suggests that the
advantages of committees
score over the
disadvantages.

26. WHAT IS THE
APPROPRIATE
SIZE OF A
COMMITTEE?

27. EXPERTS’ IDEA RELATED TO SIZE OF
COMMITTEE
According to
• Allen -> five-six as ideal size
• dale-> five –nine as ideal no.
But what are the
factors which can
determine size of
committee?

28. APPROPRIATE SIZE
It should be determined on the basis of
qualitative factors such factors such as
• Purpose of committee
• Personalities of members
• Qualities of members
• Participation of members
The basic idea should be to
promote deliberations and to include
breadth of expertise required for
committee.

29. SELECTION OF MEMBERS:-

30. SELECTION OF MEMBERS
• The basic objective in this case should
be to achieve meaningful deliberations
in committee meetings so that fruitful
actions are taken by committee.
• Normally, higher is the degree of
similarity among members’ personal
characteristics; higher the degree of
deliberations.
• Members should be friendly, known to
each other, mutual respect to each
other.

31. WELL DEFINED AUTHORITY AND
SCOPE
The authority can be defined as
whether the committee is
responsible for decisions,
recommendations for some
actions, or mere deliberation for
providing better insights of a
problem

32. FEW TIPS TO IMPROVE AUTHORITY:
• Scope should be clearly
specified.
• Subject matter should be
clear to members of the
committee.
• Things should be made clear
through writing so that there
is almost no scope of
ambiguity.

33. NATURE OF SUBJECT MATTER
• Committee work should be limited to
subject matter that can be handled by
group discussion e.g.
• for establishing major objectives,
policies
• overall review of past performance
• coordination of work, and
• decision over jurisdiction disputes.

34. WHAT SHOULD BE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF EFFECTIVE
CHAIRMAN ?

35. EFFECTIVE CHAIRMAN

36. FUNCTIONS OF EFFECTIVE CHAIRMAN :-
• Planning the meetings
• Preparing the agenda
• Communicating proposal before head to
committee members
• Arranging definite proposal for discussion
or action.
• Conducting the meetings effectively.
• Dual role .He has to work as task leader
and social leader.
• Motivated to discharge his responsibility.

37. LOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING
MEETINGS
ACCORDING TO ALLEN,
The various activities in sequence requires are:-
 Analysis of problem in terms of what cause it
 Suggested alternative solutions
 Group discussion on various suggested
alternatives
 Integrating opinion expressed by members ,so as
to arrive at agreed decisions.

38. CIRCULATION OF MINUTES &CHECKING CONCLUSIONS

39. CIRCULATION OF MINUTES &CHECKING
CONCLUSIONS
• Minutes of the meeting should be
recorded carefully
• Circulated for information to committee
members
• Correction or modification ,if needed.
• Action taken on recommendations should
also be communicated.

40. COST CONSIDERATION