The Bhore Committee Report from 1946 made observations about India's high communicable disease rates and low life expectancy. It recommended establishing primary health centers and expanding healthcare access. The Mudaliar Committee from 1959 found basic facilities had not reached half the population and recommended strengthening district hospitals and primary healthcare. The Chadha Committee from 1963 addressed preparing for malaria maintenance and recommended basic health workers provide malaria and other services.

1. Health Committee Reports By Priyadarshini C II M.D., ICM, MMC

3. Sir JosephWilliamBhore

6. Bhore Committee Report Submitted in 1946 Runs into 4 volumes Volume I A survey of the State of the Public Health and the existing health organisation Volume II Recommendations Volume III Appendices Volume IV Summary

7. Observations CDR 22.4/1000 IMR 162/1000 live births MMR 20/1000 live births Life expectancy at birth - 27 years.

8. Observations Incidence of communicable disease also was very high. Diseases like chicken pox, cholera etc occurred in epidemics. Many of the health problems were preventable. Investment made in preventing these problems would give high returns in the forms of increased productivity and development.

9. Observations Identified housing, communication, water supply, sanitation improvement in nutrition, elimination of unemployment, improvement in agriculture and industrial production as sectors that needed improvement for improvement of health.

10. Recommendations Short term plan: - To be implemented within 5-10 years. - Each primary health centre in the rural area to cater to a population of 40,000 - Secondary health centre to serve as a supervisory, coordinating and referral institution - For each PHC 2 medical officers, 4 public health nurses, one nurse, 4 midwives, 4 trained dais and 15 class IV employees

11. Recommendations Long term plan (3 million plan): Health care system in three tires. First tier: primary health units with 75 bedded hospital for each 10,000 – 20,000 population with staff of 6 medical officers, 6 public health nurses, 2 sanitary inspectors, 2 health assistants and other supportive staff. Second tier: 650 bedded Regional Health Unit (RHU) to serve as a referral centre for 30 – 40 PHUs. Third tier: district hospitals with 2,500 beds to serve the needs of about 3 million.

12. Recommendations 3 months training in preventive and social medicine to prepare ‘SOCIAL PHYSICIANS’ Special emphasis on preventive work (Integration of curative and preventive services) Village Health Committee consisting of 5 to 7 individuals for procuring the active participation of the people in the local health programme. Inter-sectoral Coordination

14. Sir A LakshmanaswamyMudaliar

15. Mudaliar Committee Constitued in 1959 By GOI Under Dr. A LakshmanswamyMudaliar, Vice Chancellor, Madras University “Health Survey and Planning Committee”

16. Terms of Reference 1. The assessment (or evaluation) in the field of medical relief and public health since the submission of the Health Survey and Development Committee's Report (the Bhore Committee) 2. Review of the First and Second Five-Year Plan Health projects and 3. Formulation of recommendations for the future plan of health development in the country.

17. Observations Basic health facilities had not reached at least half the nation Gross mal distribution of hospitals and beds in favour of urban areas. Quality of services provided by PHCs were grossly inadequate with poor functioning, lack of referral system, and gross under staffing due to insufficient resources

18. Recommendations Consolidation of 1st two 5 yr plans Strengthening DH to serve as central base for specialist services Regional organisation between headquarters and regional DD nandAD PHC - 40,000 population 1 BHW per 10,000 population Improve secondary services Integration of Medical and Health services All India Health Service

19. Chadha Committee A committee of health administrators and malariologists reviewed the National Malaria Eradication programme and recommended that a special Committee should study in detail the preparations that are to be made for the entry into the maintenance phase and formulate a plan. Constitued in 1963 By GOI Under Dr. MS. Chadha, Director General of Health Services

20. Terms of Reference The committee should go into the details of the requirement related to the primary health centers, their planning, the necessary priority required according to the needs of the maintenance phase of the Malaria Eradication progrmme. The committee should also consider the Staffing pattern required for the malaria eradication programme but also for other health activities and the manner in which the technical and supervisory staff of the N.M.E.P. organization should be utilised after malaria eradication has been achieved

21. Recommendations Maintenance to be done by general health services (block and district level) Through basic health worker per 10,000 population Basic health workers should visit house to house once in a month to implement malaria activities. BHW to serve as MPHW for family planning and vital statistics FPHA to supervise 3-4 BHW

22. MukerjiCommitee Following the Central Family Planning Council meet at Madras Constitued in 1965 Headed by ShriMukerji, Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Planning

23. Terms of Reference In 1965, the ICMR Director pronounced that Lippe’s Loop was safe. So, IUCD was introduced into the family planning programme and reorganisation of the FP programme was needed. CBR was 41 per thousand and was aimed at reducing to 25 per thousand in a period of 10 years.

24. Terms of Reference To review what additions and changes are necessary as a result of the greatly altered situation due to the IUCD having come in the forefront of the programme, in the staffing pattern, financial provisions, etc.

25. Recommendations Target oriented programming Strengthening of education and publicity efforts and involvement of other organisations Strong executive agency in Health Directorate of each state government to exclusively deal with family planning Approved the existing Urban Family Welfare Planning centre At Rural Family Planning Centre - BHW to be utilised as MPW for general services - FPHA to undertake only FP work without having to supervise BHW D Delink malaria and FP activity

26. Mukerji Committee,1966 Following 13th Meeting of the Central Council of Health held at Bangalore in June, 1966 - state finding it difficult to take burden of maintenance phase of malaria and other prog. like small pox, leprosy, FP, trachoma Formed in 1966 By GOI Headed by Shri B. Mukerji, Union Health Secretary

27. Terms of Reference To review the staffing pattern of the primary health centre complex and to recommend the minimum staff of various categories required at different levels within the district so as to provide an integrated health service capable of fully catering to the needs of the vigilance services in the maintenance phase of National Malaria Eradication Programme, smallpox eradication, tuberculosis, leprosy and trachoma control, etc. To recommend the pattern of Central assistance for the States

28. Recommendations Basic Health Services to be provided at block level Strengthening required at higher level Any attempt to give the basic health worker more work under the family planning programme would either endanger malaria vigilance work or would need a larger number of basic health workers per block than what the Committee has recommended.

29. Recommendations Integrated approach in the entire health field - Programmes of public health and medical care should be integrated to the maximum extent possible and so also the programmes within each field. Health workers at the lower levels should become increasingly multipurpose workers. In certain phases of any large national programme it may be necessary to have separate staff, at the maintenance stage the activities under the programme should get integrated more and more with the basic health services and to the extent possible should be taken care of through the domiciliary services.

30. Recommendations One basic health worker for a population of 10,000 At the District level there should be as much integration of the general health programme with the family planning programme as possible, ensuring at the same time however, that the family planning programme continues to receive adequate attention and profits from such integration

31. Recommendations The Committee did not attempt to work out any details of the organisation that would be needed above the District level, i.e. at the Zonal, the State and the Central levels They also felt that the State Government could themselves work out better the strength and pattern and method of functioning of the health organisation at the Zonal and State levels.

32. Jungalwalla Committee Central Council of Health, 1964 Srinagar Dr. N. Jungalwalla, Addl. Director General of Health Services “Committee on Integration of Health Services” Submitted report un 1967

33. Terms of Reference To study the problems of the health services Service conditions Elimination of Private practice

34. Definition of Integrated Health Services Service with an unified approach for all problems instead of segmented approach for different problems Medical care of the sick and conventional public health programmes functioning under a single administrator and operating in unified manner at all levels of hierarchy with due priority for each programme obtaining at a point of time

35. Observation 3 patterns were observed, Wholly integrated cadre Wholly dichotomous Proposed to be integrated In all states periphery was integrated

36. Recommendation Integration from highest to lowest level in services Integration of preventive and curative services Integration of medical services and public health(rotation of personnel) Integration of Health Services has 3 main components - Health services of functions and methods of delivery - Their organisation - The personnel providing these services & their administration

37. Recommendation The main steps recommended towards integration were: unified cadre common seniority recognition of extra qualifications equal pay for equal work special pay for specialized work no private practice, and good service conditions Left states to work out their own strategy.

38. Kartar Singh Committee Programmes are being run almost independently of each other by staff recruited under each programme. There is little or no coordination between the field workers of these programmes and even at the supervisory level there are separate and independent functionaries.

39. Kartar Singh Committee Growing demand for increase of staff under each programme. Need to reduce population/area covered by each worker. Whether the same objective cannot be achieved by coordinating these programmes and pooling the personnel. Could not such an integration reduce the population/area of each worker, thus making his coverage smaller and consequently more effective?

40. Kartar Singh Committee Meeting of the Central Family Planning Council 1972 By GOI In 1972 “The committee on Multipurpose workers under Health and Family Planning” Kartar Singh, Addl. Sec., MOHFP Report in 1973

41. Terms of Reference Structure for integrated services the peripherals and supervisory levels Feasibility of MPW Their training requirements Utilisation of mobile services for integration

42. Recommendations Multipurpose workers - feasible and desirable Redesignation ANMs replaced by FHWs BHW, Malaria surveillance workers, vaccinators, FPHAs replaced by MHWs LHV designated as FH supervisor To be first introduced in malaria maintenance phase areas and small pox controlled areas Clearly spelt out the job functions of HWs and Supervisors

43. Recommendations 1 PHC – 50,000 population 1 PHC –16 SHC (2000 – 3500) 1 SHC – 1 MHW n 1 FHW 1 male supervisor – 4 MHWs 1 female supervisor – 4 FHWs Doctor incharge of all supervisors To be impemented in 5th 5yr plan

44. Shrivastav Committee GOI observed that urban orientation of medical education in India, which relies heavily on curative methods and sophisticated diagnostic aids the failure of the programmes of training in the fields of nutrition, family welfare planning, and maternal and child because of their development in isolation from medical education, the deprivation of the rural communities of doctors the need to re-orient undergraduate medical education with emphasis on community rather than on hospital care the importance of integrating teaching of various aspects of family planning with medical education

45. Shrivastav Committee MOHFP,GOI In 1974 “ Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower” Submitted report in 1975

46. Terms of Reference To devise a suitable curriculum for training a cadre of Health Assistants To suggest steps for improving the existing medical educational processes as to provide due emphasis on the problems particularly relevant to national requirements To make any other suggestions to realise the above objectives and matters incidental thereto

47. Recommendations Organization of the basic health services (including nutrition, health education and family planning) within the community itself and training the personnel needed for the purposes; - Creation of Village Health Guide (VHG) or community health volunteers from the community itself like teachers, postmasters, gram sevaks who can provide comprehensive health services as paraprofessionals. - Primary health care be provided within the community itself through specially trained workers so that the health of the people is placed in the hands of people themselves

48. Recommendations (2) Organization of an economic and efficient programme of health services to bridge the community with the first level referral Centre, viz., the PHC - Creation of MPW and Health Assistants (HA) in between the VHG and MO i/c PHC

49. Recommendations (3) The creation of a National Referral Services Complex by the development of proper linkages between the PHC and higher level referral and service centres;

50. Recommendations (4) To create the necessary administrative and financial machinery for the reorganization of the entire programme of medical and health education from the point of view of the objectives and needs of the proposed programme of national health services - Establishment of ‘The Medical and Health Education Commission’

51. Rural health Scheme Based on these recommendations “Rural Health Scheme” was launched by the government in 1977-78. The major steps initiated were : a) Involvement of medical colleges in health care of selected with the objective of reorienting medical education according to rural population called Re Orientation of Medical education (ROME). It led to teaching and training of undergraduate students and Interns at PHCs. b) Training of Village Health Guides and utilising their services in the general health service system.

52. REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON HEALTH FOR ALL BY 2000 A.D. As India was party to the universal commitment of Health for All by 2000 A.D. By Planning Commision In 1980 KripaNarain, Sec., MOHFW & President, AIIMS Report submitted in 1981

53. Terms of Reference To review current health status, implementation of programmes and measures for rectifying them Evolve plan outlines for 1980 – 1986 for health sector so that foundation for HFA can be laid Specific programmes for rural, tribal and weaker sections & to review health component on minimum needs programme

54. Recommendations Revised Minimum Needs Programme: Each District - Health Centre with specialised curative and Public Health experts) Each Sub-division (5 lakh population)- Sub divisional Health centre with epidemiological wing Each block (1 lakh population) -CHC with specialist services 30,000 population and 15,000 in hilly area - PHC providing preventive, promotive and curative services 5,000 population and 2,500 in hilly area - Sub centre with one MPW(F), MPW(M) and one part time attendant Each village - One health volunteer

55. Recommendations

56. Other Notable Committees

57. Sokhey Committee (1947) prescribing standards of dietary and nutrition for all classes of population; consideration of the nature and incidence of the various epidemic which take a heavy toll of life, and suggestion of ways and means for guarding against theses scourges; investigation into the volume and causes of infant mortality, as well as mortality among women; and suggestion of ways and means of reducing such mortality; provision of the necessary health units, comprising physician, nurses, surgeons, hospitals and dispensaries, sanatoria and nursing homes; health insurance; medical training and research; compilation of vital statistics, including those of birth and death rates; cultivation of the necessary drugs and production of medicines to preventive or curative aid, scientific and surgical appliances and accessories of the national Health Services

58. Chopra Committee (1948) - promotion of indigenous and modern medicine through integration in education and multi-disciplinary research Mehta Committee (1957) - BalwantRai Mehta - To assess performance of Community Development Programme started in 1952 - concluded programme was a failure due to lack of local initiative

59. Renuka Roy Committee (1960) - School Health committee - recommended promotion of preventive care through schools, provision of mid day meals, health education as part of curricular and integration of school health and primary health network Jain Committee (1966) - to review the working of different hospitals and central health services

60. Krishnan Committee (1982) - headed by S.V. Krishnan - to study health services in urban areas and cities Mehta Committee(1983) Dr. Shantilal J. Mehta, Chairman “Medical Education Review Committee”

61. Bajaj Committee (1987) Prof. J.S. Bajaj, Professor of Medicine HEALTH MANPOWER PLANNING, PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT Procedures relating to admissions to under-graduate courses Procedures relating to admissions to the post-graduate course Duration of the under-graduate course and Internship Duration of the post-graduate courses and thesis Review of the Residency Scheme Measures to bring about overall improvement in the under-graduate and post-graduate education

62. Report of theNational Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2005) Under chairmanship of P. Chidambaram, Finance Minister and Dr. AnbumaniRamadoss, Health Minister promoting equity by reducing household expenditure on total health spending and experimenting with alternate models of health financing; restructuring the existing primary health care system to make it more accountable; reducing disease burden and the level of risk; establishing institutional frameworks for improved quality of governance of health; investing in technology and human resources for a more professional and skilled workforce and better monitoring.