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Commas
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- 2. The Comma Rules 1. Series Comma 2. Introductory Comma 3. Interrupting Comma 4. Comma Conjunction 5. Direct Quotation Comma
- 3. Series Comma •Usea comma between items in a list. •DO NOT use a comma if the list only has two items. •DO NOT begin the list with a comma. Andrew groaned when he realized that his exams in biology, economics, and sociology were all on Friday. The mechanic started the engine and fiddled with the fan belt.
- 4. Practice 1 1.My community recycles newspapers cardboard glass aluminum and plastic. 2. Walking bicycling and swimming are all good aerobic exercises. 3. We collected the kids loaded the van and set off for the amusement park. 4. Signs of burnout include insomnia inability to concentrate and depression.
- 5. Introductory Comma •Usea comma after a incomplete thought that begins the sentence. •Think about complex sentences. Dependent thought, complete thought. Although everyone is required to serve jury duty, many people find reasons not to serve. In the middle of the storm, all the lights went out.
- 6. Practice 2 1.During the first-aid course one student accidentally broke her finger. 2. When the power went back on all the digital clocks in the house began to blink. 3. Pausing in the doorway the actress smiled warmly at the photographers. 4. After waiting in line for two hours the students were told that the registrar’s office was closing for lunch.
- 7. Interrupting comma •Usecommas around phrases that interrupt the flow of thought. •Usually, this information can be removed from the sentence—it is nonessential. •Place a comma before and after the interrupting phrase. Our house, which was built in 1975, needs a new roof.
- 8. Practice 3 1.The Beatles who originally called themselves the Quarrymen released twenty-nine single records in their first year. 2. Frozen yogurt a dessert that is relatively low in calories is as delicious to many people as ice cream. 3. Some dieters on the other hand would rather give up desserts completely. 4. The new office building forty stories high provides a fine view of the parkway.
- 9. Comma Conjunction •Usea comma and a conjunction (and, but, so) to join two complete thoughts. •Think about compound sentences! Complete thought ,FANBOY complete thought. They were five strangers stuck in an elevator, so they told each other jokes to ease the tension.
- 10. Practice 4 1.The horror-movie heroine screamed for help but nobody heard hear. 2. Melba wasn’t wearing her glasses so she couldn’t read the fine print in the ad. 3. I used to be able to type very quickly but now I am out of practice. 4. Frequent TV watchers spend less time interacting with friends and family and their reading is often limited to magazines such as TV Guide.
- 11. Direct Quotation Commas •Always use a comma before a quotation… Someone shouted, “Look out below!” •And after a quotation. “To learn more about lions,” said the zookeeper, “Read the book Born Free.”
- 12. Practice 5 1.When the bank robber Willie Sutton was asked why he robbed banks, he replied “Because that’s where the money is.” 2. “Only fifteen more minutes until this class ends” Sharon whispered. 3. “Let me explain to you” said the math instructor “why I want you to prepare your answer sheet in this way.” 4. “When you hear the beep, you know what to do” says the message on my friend’s answering machine.
- 13. Pop Quiz! Whatcomma rule applies to each sentence? You may use your notes, but not your books! 1. My father wanted to attend college, but his family could not afford it. 2. Carrying her popcorn, Sylvia looked for a seat in the theater. 3. Opal has evening classes on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. 4. My brother told me, “You look as if you’ve seen a ghost!” 5. I ate ice cream, which is not on my diet, for dinner last night.