This document provides an overview of comma rules and usage. It discusses using commas to separate clauses and items in a series, setting off non-essential elements of a sentence, and shifting between discourse and quotations. The document also reviews clause and sentence types as well as when to use commas with coordinate adjectives.
English Syntax - Basic Sentence StructuretheLecturette
This presentation provides the basics of English syntax and sentence structure.
For more English tutorials, please visit:
https://www.thelecturette.com
English Syntax - Basic Sentence StructuretheLecturette
This presentation provides the basics of English syntax and sentence structure.
For more English tutorials, please visit:
https://www.thelecturette.com
I hope this would be beneficial for people that want to study punctuation rules.
This presentation is made when I'm in Grade 10, Satrinonthaburi School, Nonthaburi province, Thailand.
This was a slide show I created to teach my classmates about sentence fragments. The sources I used are included in the slide show so that anyone may look and learn from these in a more in-depth manner if they choose to.
I hope this would be beneficial for people that want to study punctuation rules.
This presentation is made when I'm in Grade 10, Satrinonthaburi School, Nonthaburi province, Thailand.
This was a slide show I created to teach my classmates about sentence fragments. The sources I used are included in the slide show so that anyone may look and learn from these in a more in-depth manner if they choose to.
Major areas covered :
Communication Skills
Common Mistakes in English
Common Grammatical Errors in Writing
Punctuation
Review of Literature – How to Correct Errors in it.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. What is a comma?!
• Commas:
– Indicate a pause is needed in a sentence
– Clarify meaning for the reader
3. Review: Clauses
• What are the types of clauses?
– Independent
– Dependent
– Introductory
• Often function as which part of speech?
• Often begin with what type of word?
• Are which type of clause?
4. Review: Sentence Structure
• What are the four types of sentences?
– Simple
– Compound
– Complex
– Complex Compound
6. Use commas to separate independent clauses when
they are joined by any of these seven coordinating
conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
– The game was over, but the crowd refused to
leave.
– The student explained her question yet the
instructor still didn't seem to understand.
– Yesterday was her brother's birthday so she
took him out to dinner.
7. #2: Use commas after introductory a)
clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come
before the main clause.
• Common starter words for introductory clauses
that should be followed by a comma include
after, although, as, because, if, since, when, wh
ile.
– While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
– Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for
class.
– If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.
– When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the
driveway.
8. #2: Use commas after introductory a)
clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come
before the main clause.
• Common introductory words that
should be followed by a comma
include yes, however, well.
– Well, perhaps he meant no harm.
– Yes, the package should arrive tomorrow
morning.
– However, you may not be satisfied with
the results
9. 3. Use a pair of commas in the middle of a
sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and
words that are not essential to the meaning of
the sentence. Use one comma before to
indicate the beginning of the pause and one
at the end to indicate the end of the pause.
• Clause: That Tuesday, which happens to be
my birthday, is the only day when I am
available to meet.
• Phrase: This restaurant has an exciting
atmosphere. The food, on the other hand, is
rather bland.
• Word: I appreciate your hard work. In this
case, however, you seem to have over-
exerted yourself.
10. 4. Do not use commas to set off essential elements
of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with
that (relative clauses). That clauses after nouns are
always essential. That clauses following a verb
expressing mental action are always essential
• The book that I borrowed from you is
excellent.
• The apples that fell out of the basket are
bruised.
• She believes that she will be able to earn
an A.
• He is dreaming that he can fly.
11. 5. Use commas to separate three or more
words, phrases, or clauses written in a
series.
• The Constitution establishes the
legislative, executive, and judicial
branches of government.
• The candidate promised to lower
taxes, protect the environment, reduce
crime, and end unemployment.
12. 6. Use commas to separate two or more coordinate
adjectives that describe the same noun. Be sure
never to add an extra comma between the final
adjective and the noun itself or to use commas with
non-coordinate adjectives.
• He was a difficult, stubborn child.
(coordinate)
• They lived in a white frame house. (non-
coordinate)
• She often wore a gray wool shawl. (non-
coordinate)
• Your cousin has an easy, happy smile.
(coordinate)
13. 10. Use a comma to shift between the
main discourse and a quotation.
• John said without emotion, "I'll see you
tomorrow."
• "I was able," she answered, "to
complete the assignment."
• In 1848, Marx wrote, "Workers of the
world, unite!"
14. 11. Use commas wherever necessary to
prevent possible confusion or
misreading.
To George Harrison had been a sort of
idol.