The document presents an overview of column chromatography, including its definition, history, principles, classifications, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It explains that column chromatography separates components of a mixture using a stationary phase and a mobile phase, based on their affinities. Notable applications include the purification of compounds and the isolation of active constituents from biological fluids.

1. Column Chromatography
PRESENTED BY
Ramesh N P
B Pharm 7th Semester
Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davanagere.

2. Content:
• Introduction
• History
• Definition of column chromatography
• Principle
• Classification
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Reference

3. Introduction:
Chromatography is physical method of separation in which the components to
be separated are distributed b/w two phases:
 Stationary phase
 Mobile phase
The stationary phase may be solid or liquid supported on a solid or gel
The mobile phase may be a liquid/ solvents/ mixture of solvents or gases.

4. History:
 The first chromatography column was developed by the Russian botanist
Mikhail Tsvet in 1901.
Who washed an organic solution of plant pigments through a vertical glass
column packed with an adsorptive material.
He discovered that the pigments separated into a series of discrete coloured
bands on the column, divided by regions entirely free of colour.

5. Column chromatography:
 Column chromatography is a separation technique in which components of
mixture is separated by using a glass column packed with stationary phase and
the liquid mobile phase flowing continuously through the column.

6. Principle:
 A solid stationery phase and a liquid mobile phase is used and the principle of
separation is adsorption.
 When a mixture of components dissolved in the mobile phase is introduced into
a column , the individual component move with different rates depending upon
their relative affinities.
The compound with lesser affinity towards the stationary phase move faster and
hence it is eluted of the column first , the one with greater affinity towards the
stationary phase move slower down the column and hence it is eluted later,
The process is continued. As a result the materials are partially separated and
adsorbed in the various part of the column. The type of interaction b/w the
stationay phase and solute is reversible in nature.

8. Classification:
Column chromatography is divided into two categories, depending on how the
solvents flow down the column.
o Gravity column chromatography:
o Flash chromatography:

9. Advantages:
Any type of mixture can be separated by column chromatography.
Any quantity of mixture can also be separated.
Wider choice of mobile phase.

10. Disadvantages:
Time consuming method.
More amount of solvents are required which are expensive.
More amount of adsorbent (stationary phase) is required.
Drying and bubble presence are possible.

11. Applications:
Separation of mixture of compound.
Removal of impurities or purification process.
Isolation of active constituents.
Isolation of metabolites and biological fluids.
Estimation of drug in formulation and crud drug extracts.

12. Reference:
 Dr . S. Ravi Shanker, “pharmaceutical analysis” Rx publications, Fourth edition,
Page no: 13-1 to 13-13,