This document describes tests to distinguish between iron(III) chloride and iron(II) chloride and identifies various oxidizing agents. It also lists common halide solutions from left to right and describes how metals like magnesium, iron, and copper appear as solids. Finally, it explains that a copper(II) sulfate solution is blue due to the presence of copper(II) ions.

1. Left : Iron(III) chloride
Right : Iron(II) chloride

2. Confirmatory test for Fe3+ ion :
Iron(III) ion in alkali solution (NaOH
/NH3 solution)

3. Confirmatory test for Fe2+ :
Iron(II) ion in alkali solution (NaOH / NH3 solution)

4. Oxidizing agent :
Acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
solution,K2Cr2O7

5. Oxidizing agent :
Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution, KMnO4

6. Oxidizing agent :
Chlorine water

7. Oxidizing agent :
Bromine water

8. Iodine solution

9. Test to confirm presence of halogens :
Halogens in cyclohexane (Upper layer)
From left : chlorine, bromine, iodine

10. Halide solutions

11. From left : magnesium, Mg, iron, Fe, copper, Cu
Most metals are grey solids except for copper, it is brown
solid.
Increasing order of good reducing agent : Cu Fe Mg

12. Copper(II) sulphate solution
The solution is blue because of the presence of copper(II)
ion, Cu2+