The document provides an overview of key events and concepts related to the Cold War, including the containment policy pursued by the US against Soviet expansion, major conflicts like the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis, and strategic alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. It discusses failed invasions and crises that increased tensions, such as the Bay of Pigs and U-2 incident, as well as agreements that reduced tensions, such as establishing a direct communication line between the US and USSR.

1. Chapters 18, 19, 20

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10. PICTURE START

11. Essay Question: What was the Cold War? Define U.S. Goals vs. Soviet Goals Strategies/Policies (Doctrines) Alliances Key Places Key Events

12. Korean War (1950-1953) Causes: North Korean Aggression/Invasion China Influence Containment/Truman Doctrine Significance 38 th Parallel Chinese involvement MacArthur vs. Truman

13. Legacy of the Korean War 1 st armed confrontation of the Cold War. Created the idea of “limited war.” Expanded the Cold War to Asia. Created the heavily guarded De-militarized Zone (DMZ) which still exists today. Contributed to the 2 nd Red Scare.

14. The Shipping Miracle: The Berlin Airlift (June 48 – May 49) Early Cold War Crisis West Berlin’s location Response to the Berlin Blockade “ Impossible” feat 1 plane landed every minutes The Hero: The Father of the Berlin Airlift Held the city in defiance to the Soviets.

15. The Shipping Miracle: The Berlin Airlift (June 48 – May 49) Outcome Demonstrated the stubborn will of the U.S. to uphold Cold War policies. U.S. looked good Soviets looked bad Candy Bomber lifts the spirits of the German kids.

16. The Berlin Airlift

17. Bay of Pigs – April 1961 The Bay of Pigs is a small, southern inlet on the island of Cuba. (Bay of Triggerfish) It was a failed invasion in attempt to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Eisenhower’s Idea Headed by the CIA (approved by JFK) Main force was Cuban exiles trained by the CIA.

18. Bay of Pigs Immediate Outcome: Totally unsuccessful. 115 Killed/1,189 Captured Embarrassment for the U.S. Long Term Effects: More Soviet weapons for Cuba. Increased hostility between the 2 nations. Helped pave the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis. U.S. = “looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.”

19. Cuban Missile Crisis–October 1962 The U.S. confronted Cuba and the Soviet Union about nuclear weapons that had been placed 90 miles from the U.S. Kennedy issued a “quarantine” to restrict more ships with weapons from going to Cuba.

20. Cuban Missile Crisis Result: Both Kennedy and Khrushchev feared the start of a nuclear war. They successfully negotiated an agreement to end the stand-off. Soviet Union had to remove missiles from Cuba U.S. had to remove missiles from Turkey (secretly). Outcome: The world was saved. Khrushchev loses power.

21. Cuban Missile Crisis Long Term Effects: Hot-Line Created : a direct line between the White House and the Kremlin for communication between the two. Limited Test Ban Treaty : barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

22. contrast of cold war presidents Kennedy Truman Eisenhower

23. What was the Cold War? Period of conflict, tension, and competition between the U.S. & Russia (USSR) from 1945 – 1991.

24. What was the United States’ policy in the Cold War in dealing with Russia? Containment: Stopping the spread of Communism

25. What is the term given to the Eastern European nations that were dominated by the Soviet Union? Satellite Nations

26. What was the purpose of NATO? Defensive military alliance between the U.S. and it’s allies.

27. What was the defensive military alliance for the Communists? The Warsaw Pact

28. What is the significance of the 38 th Parallel? Dividing line between North & South Korea Where the Korean War began, and ended Dividing line between Communism and Democracy

29. Who was the Commanding General for the United Nations in Korea and what did he want to do with the war? General MacArthur wanted to nuke China.

30. What group help topple governments in Iran and Guatemala? The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

31. What was the foreign policy proposed by John F. Dulles that used the threat of all-out nuclear war? Brinkmanship

32. How did the Marshall Plan help to contain Communism in Europe? By giving loans to countries whose economies were weak and vulnerable.

33. What did the Iron Curtain divide? Divided Europe in half symbolically and physically between Communism and Democracy.

34. What action brought vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union? The Berlin Airlift

35. What is a “blacklist”? A list that denies rights or privileges to the people on the list.

36. What was the purpose of the Hollywood “blacklist”? To deny jobs to people that were suspected of having a communist background.

37. What is Joseph McCarthy’s claim to fame? He sought out suspected Communists in the government.

38. What did Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg’s have in common? They were Communist spies.

39. What government organization made news by going after suspected Communists in Hollywood? HUAC (The House Un-American Activities Committee)

40. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964 and how do you spell his name? Nikita Khrushchev

41. How did the U2 Spy Plane incident affect Cold War relations? The Soviet leader Khrushchev called off an invitation to meet with Eisenhower. – Tensions grew…

42. How did the Beat Movement signify a growing social conflict in the 1950’s? The beatniks were non-conformists who disliked the mainstream culture - later would lead to other groups.

43. How did Rock n’ Roll demonstrate racial problems during the 1950’s? Many black artists inspired the rock n’ roll movement but did not receive the same fanfare.

44. What was the failed invasion of Cuba? The Bay of Pigs

45. Who lost the 1960 presidential election? Richard Nixon

46. 1960 Election Notes

47. What divider separated West Berlin from East Germany? The Berlin Wall

48. Who ordered the wall to be built? Nikita Khrushchev

49. Why was Kennedy’s religious beliefs important in the 1960 election? He was Roman Catholic; people were worried about the Pope’s influence.

50. How did the Cuban Missile Crisis end? Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles as long as the U.S. promised not to invade Cuba and removed its own missiles from Turkey.

51. What was the new communication method created to help ease Cold War tensions? The Hot Line

52. What did the Limited Test Ban Treaty accomplish? It barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.