Cold storages are used for keeping perishashable food products. Design criteria for building and refrigeration concept for estimation of cooling load is decribed below.
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Projects on Cold Storage: Multipurpose Cold Storage
(Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Multipurpose, Multi-Commodity Cold Storage, Food, Vegetables & Fruits Storage, Refrigerated Warehousing, Cold Chain, Industrial Cold Rooms, Warehouse & Rural Godowns for Short Term and Long Term Storage, Cold Storage with Ice Plant, Potato Powder, Flakes & Granules with Cold Storage, Cold Storage for Potatoes & Mahua)
Cold storage is basically a term used for refrigerated of frozen storage facilities, usually used to store food or pharmaceuticals.
Storage of food products under low temperatures using temperature and relative humidity controllers to maintain the desired conditions inside the cold rooms as well as ventilations systems to provide adequate storage conditions.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Cold Storage, Construction of Cold Storage, Cold Storage for Small Farms, Freezing and Cold Storage, Cold Storage Room, Cold Storage Industry, Cold Room / Cold Storage, Cold Room, Cold Storage Units, Cold Storage Plant, Cold Storage in India, Industrial Cold Storage, Storage Room, Cold Storage Warehouse, Fruits and Vegetable Cold Storage, Cold Storage Space with Supply Chain, Cold Storage & Warehousing, Cold Storage and Refrigeration, Refrigerated Warehouses, Food Cold Storage Plant, Warehouse Cold Storage Distribution, Cold Storage Report, Cold Storage Process, How to Start Cold Storage Business, How to Start Cold Storage Unit in India, Steps to Start Up Freezer Warehouse, Project On Cold Storage Units, Cold Rooms and Refrigeration, Cold Storage, Cold Chain & Warehouse, Cold Storage Warehouse Business Plan, Business Plan for Cold Storage, Business Planning for Cold Storage & Warehouse, Cold Storage Business Plan, Cold Storage Business Opportunity, Profitable Cold Storage Business, Starting Cold Room, How to Start Cold Room Business, How to Start Profitable Cold Room Business, Opportunity in Indian Cold Room Business, Commercial Cold Room, Business Plan for Commercial Cold Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Controlled Atmospheric Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage, Guide to Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Temperature, Multi-Commodity Cold Storage, Multipurpose Cold Storage Project Report, Industrial Cold Rooms, Large and Industrial Cold Rooms, Industrial Cold Storage Rooms & Cold Room Freezer, Cold Room Plant, Cold Storage and Refrigeration Industry, Cold and Freezer Rooms, Warehouse & Rural Godowns for Short Term and Long Term Storage
Freezing technology has made green peas available throughout the year. How are these peas frozen? Get to know more about the varieties and the technology behind 'Freezing of Green Peas' through this presentation..
The cold storage system is essential for extending the life of products and helps to maintain product quality. It also helps to reduce the wastage of commodities.
For more details: https://www.abartic.in/products/cold-storage-system/
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Projects on Cold Storage: Multipurpose Cold Storage
(Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Multipurpose, Multi-Commodity Cold Storage, Food, Vegetables & Fruits Storage, Refrigerated Warehousing, Cold Chain, Industrial Cold Rooms, Warehouse & Rural Godowns for Short Term and Long Term Storage, Cold Storage with Ice Plant, Potato Powder, Flakes & Granules with Cold Storage, Cold Storage for Potatoes & Mahua)
Cold storage is basically a term used for refrigerated of frozen storage facilities, usually used to store food or pharmaceuticals.
Storage of food products under low temperatures using temperature and relative humidity controllers to maintain the desired conditions inside the cold rooms as well as ventilations systems to provide adequate storage conditions.
See more
https://goo.gl/vs8vNa
https://goo.gl/bWURtL
https://goo.gl/WUxaJq
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Cold Storage, Construction of Cold Storage, Cold Storage for Small Farms, Freezing and Cold Storage, Cold Storage Room, Cold Storage Industry, Cold Room / Cold Storage, Cold Room, Cold Storage Units, Cold Storage Plant, Cold Storage in India, Industrial Cold Storage, Storage Room, Cold Storage Warehouse, Fruits and Vegetable Cold Storage, Cold Storage Space with Supply Chain, Cold Storage & Warehousing, Cold Storage and Refrigeration, Refrigerated Warehouses, Food Cold Storage Plant, Warehouse Cold Storage Distribution, Cold Storage Report, Cold Storage Process, How to Start Cold Storage Business, How to Start Cold Storage Unit in India, Steps to Start Up Freezer Warehouse, Project On Cold Storage Units, Cold Rooms and Refrigeration, Cold Storage, Cold Chain & Warehouse, Cold Storage Warehouse Business Plan, Business Plan for Cold Storage, Business Planning for Cold Storage & Warehouse, Cold Storage Business Plan, Cold Storage Business Opportunity, Profitable Cold Storage Business, Starting Cold Room, How to Start Cold Room Business, How to Start Profitable Cold Room Business, Opportunity in Indian Cold Room Business, Commercial Cold Room, Business Plan for Commercial Cold Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Controlled Atmospheric Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage, Guide to Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Temperature, Multi-Commodity Cold Storage, Multipurpose Cold Storage Project Report, Industrial Cold Rooms, Large and Industrial Cold Rooms, Industrial Cold Storage Rooms & Cold Room Freezer, Cold Room Plant, Cold Storage and Refrigeration Industry, Cold and Freezer Rooms, Warehouse & Rural Godowns for Short Term and Long Term Storage
Freezing technology has made green peas available throughout the year. How are these peas frozen? Get to know more about the varieties and the technology behind 'Freezing of Green Peas' through this presentation..
The cold storage system is essential for extending the life of products and helps to maintain product quality. It also helps to reduce the wastage of commodities.
For more details: https://www.abartic.in/products/cold-storage-system/
The preservation of food by freezing has become a major industry.Preservation of a food by freezing occurs by several mechanisms. At
temperatures below 0°C there is a significant reduction in growth
rates for microorganisms and in the corresponding deterioration of
the product due to microbial activity.
Several freezing systems for food operate with direct contact between
the refrigerant and the product.
cryogenic freezer is direct contact freezer.
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
Tags
Are you planning to set up Potato Cold Storage, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan - Cold Store Storage Cold storage, Business Planning Cold Storage & Warehouse, Business Planning for a Cold Storage Facility, Cold room, cold storage (controlled atmosphere or ca) for potato, cold storage business, cold storage business model, cold storage business opportunity, cold storage business plan ppt, Cold Storage Consultant, cold storage cost of construction, cold storage for plantation and horticulture produce, cold storage industry trends, cold storage investment cost, cold storage profit and loss, cold storage project cost in India, Cold Storage Scheme, Cold Storage Unit for Fresh Onions, Cold Storage unit Projects, cold storage warehouse construction cost, Cold Storage: Hot Investment, Cold Storages and Controlled Atmosphere Storages, Cold truth of storage units, Complete Cold storage plant machinery, Construction of Cold Storage, Excellent opportunity in investing in 'cold-storages', Frozen Food Technology, How to Start a Cold Storage Business: Startup Business, How to start a warehouse and cold storage, How to Start Cold Storage Industry in India, is cold storage a profitable business in India, Most Profitable Cold Storage Business Ideas, Niir, NPCS, Onion Cold Storage, Perspectives on cold storage investment opportunities, Popular Cold Storage Book, Process technology books, profit in cold storage business in India, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Small-scale Cold Storage for Fruit and Vegetables in India, Start Your Own Cold Storage Unit, Starting a Cold Storage Business, Starting a Cold Storage Warehouses Business, Steps to Start Up a Freezer Warehouse, Process technology book on cold storage, cold storage book
detailed explaination:
"zero energy cool chambers" (ZECCs), are a type of evaporative cooler, which are simple and inexpensive ways to keep vegetables fresh without the use of electricity. Evaporation of water from a surface removes heat, creating a cooling effect, which can improve vegetable storage shelf life. ECCs are relatively large compared to the more common household clay pot cooler, and are therefore most suitable for farmers with large production quantities, farming groups, or farming cooperatives.
Introduction
Principle of canning
Foods that are canned
Canning processing
Spoilage of canned products
Containers for packing of canned products
Equipments used in canning process
The preservation of food by freezing has become a major industry.Preservation of a food by freezing occurs by several mechanisms. At
temperatures below 0°C there is a significant reduction in growth
rates for microorganisms and in the corresponding deterioration of
the product due to microbial activity.
Several freezing systems for food operate with direct contact between
the refrigerant and the product.
cryogenic freezer is direct contact freezer.
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
Tags
Are you planning to set up Potato Cold Storage, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan - Cold Store Storage Cold storage, Business Planning Cold Storage & Warehouse, Business Planning for a Cold Storage Facility, Cold room, cold storage (controlled atmosphere or ca) for potato, cold storage business, cold storage business model, cold storage business opportunity, cold storage business plan ppt, Cold Storage Consultant, cold storage cost of construction, cold storage for plantation and horticulture produce, cold storage industry trends, cold storage investment cost, cold storage profit and loss, cold storage project cost in India, Cold Storage Scheme, Cold Storage Unit for Fresh Onions, Cold Storage unit Projects, cold storage warehouse construction cost, Cold Storage: Hot Investment, Cold Storages and Controlled Atmosphere Storages, Cold truth of storage units, Complete Cold storage plant machinery, Construction of Cold Storage, Excellent opportunity in investing in 'cold-storages', Frozen Food Technology, How to Start a Cold Storage Business: Startup Business, How to start a warehouse and cold storage, How to Start Cold Storage Industry in India, is cold storage a profitable business in India, Most Profitable Cold Storage Business Ideas, Niir, NPCS, Onion Cold Storage, Perspectives on cold storage investment opportunities, Popular Cold Storage Book, Process technology books, profit in cold storage business in India, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Small-scale Cold Storage for Fruit and Vegetables in India, Start Your Own Cold Storage Unit, Starting a Cold Storage Business, Starting a Cold Storage Warehouses Business, Steps to Start Up a Freezer Warehouse, Process technology book on cold storage, cold storage book
detailed explaination:
"zero energy cool chambers" (ZECCs), are a type of evaporative cooler, which are simple and inexpensive ways to keep vegetables fresh without the use of electricity. Evaporation of water from a surface removes heat, creating a cooling effect, which can improve vegetable storage shelf life. ECCs are relatively large compared to the more common household clay pot cooler, and are therefore most suitable for farmers with large production quantities, farming groups, or farming cooperatives.
Introduction
Principle of canning
Foods that are canned
Canning processing
Spoilage of canned products
Containers for packing of canned products
Equipments used in canning process
Optimization of Heat Gain by Air Exchange through the Window of Cold Storage ...IJERA Editor
Energy is at scarcity, crisis of energy is leading towards a world where growth might come to an absolute hold and optimizing the processes might give a way out to save energy for future generations and give some positive way out. In this situation if the maximum heat energy (Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside the cold room through convective heat transfer process in terms of –heat transfer due to convection and heat transfer due to condensation and also heat enter in the cold store due to air exchange through the windows more energy has to be wasted to maintain the evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2-6 degree centigrade. In this paper we have tried to optimize the heat gain by the air exchange through the windows of cold storage in the evaporator space using regression analysis. Temperature difference (dT), Height of cold store Window (H) and Relative Humidity (RH) are the basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the model development. Graphical interpretations from the model justify the reality through regression analysis.
“Optimization of Heat Gain by Air Exchange through the Window of Cold Storage...IJERA Editor
Energy is at scarcity, crisis of energy is leading towards a world where growth might come to an absolute hold and optimizing the processes might give a way out to save energy for future generations and give some positive way out. In this situation if the maximum heat energy (Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside the cold room through convective heat transfer process in terms of –heat transfer due to convection and heat transfer due to condensation and also heat enter in the cold store due to air exchange through the windows more energy has to be wasted to maintain the evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2-6 degree centigrade. In this paper we have tried to optimize the heat gain by the air exchange through the windows of cold storage in the evaporator space using regression analysis. Temperature difference (dT), Height of cold store Window (H) and Relative Humidity (RH) are the basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the model development. Graphical interpretations from the model justify the reality through S/N ratio calculation and ANOVA analysis
Analysis of cooling tower, types of cooling tower, calculated efficiency of cooling tower, cooling tower fan in industry, flow rate of spent ( acidic zinc sulphate solutioon)
Final report on spent solution in hydroprateekj765
Assessment of cooling towers, cooling tower efficiency, assessment of cooling towers fans, material required, maintenance operations, calculation of flow rate of spent
This presentation was originally delivered at AFCOM's Data Center World conference in May, 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada. The presentation discuss the state of cooling and airflow management, and also introduces Upsite's newest solution, AisleLok Modular containment. For more information, please visit http://upsite.com/aislelok-modular-containment
Cold Storage Room Design. How you can do that? How you can learn that? Product heat load, infiltration heat load, internal heat load, refrigeration equipment heat load, transportation of refrigerated foods, safety factor, thermal conductivity,
Ray Wang has 20+ years working experience in construction and FM industry in manufacturing and offices type of portfolio management. He started his career as a civil engineer for 10 years for residential and manufacturing then shift his focus to FM and property portfolio management in recent years. He is now the Snr. Manager of Microsoft Real Estate where he manages new buildings in Suzhou and manages MS portfolios in China East.
In this presentation Ray shares some energy saving concepts applied in his past and currently managed facilities in Shanghai.
The segmentation of data centers into alternating hot and cold aisles is an established best practice. A number of manufacturers are taking this premise of airflow separation a step further by marketing "containment" solutions. By containing the hot or cold aisle, the air paths have little chance to mix, presenting data center operators with both reliability and efficiency gains.
To view the recording of the webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/webinars/Aisle-Containment-Webinar/playback.htm
Presentation Hydrogen Technology Expo Bremen Oct 2022.pdfRoy Niekerk
Hydrogen Technology Expo in Bremen October 2022.
Central cooling systems for green hydrogen production plants.
Dry cooling, wet cooling and adiabatic cooling.
Production capacity bigger than 100MW. PEM electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
3. Introduction
Cold storage facility for perishable products under
controlled conditions
A cold storage unit incorporates a refrigeration
system to maintain the desired room
environmental conditions
4. Classification
Based on storage conditions
Short term or temporary (7-10 days)
Long term (6-8 months)
Frozen storage (years)
6. Specific considerations
Uniform temperatures
Length of air blow and impingement on stored
products
Effect of relative humidity
Effect of air movement
Controlling ventilation systems, if necessary.
Product entering temperature
Expected duration of storage
Required product outdoor temperature
Transportation in and storage area
7. Cold storage design
1. Selection of site
2. Orientation and building form
3. Size
4. Space requirement
5. Design of building
6. Thermal insulation
7. Refrigeration system for cold store
8. Heat Load calculation
8. Cold storage design (Contd..)
1. Selection of site
2. Orientation and building form
N-S direction
W-E walls should have
good plantation
Surface to volume ratio less
9. Cold storage design (Contd..)
3. Size
Volume of product to store
Product containers (boxes, hampers, buckets)
Volume required per container
Space for mechanical or manual operation
Lateral and head space
Available site space
10. Cold storage design (Contd..)
V = v(C+S)
Where,
→ V is the total volume needs in cubic feet.
→ v is the volume occupied by one product container in
cubic feet.
→ C is the maximum number of containers to be cooled at
any one time.
→ S is the maximum number of containers to be stored at
any one time
11. Cold storage design (Contd..)
4. Space requirement
Storage space 3.4 m 3 /ton suitable for
stacking and circulation of cold air
(EIRI 2003)
Chamber height -3 to 10 m
For loading and unloading distance between
Rack & rack - should not < 75cm
Rack & wall - least 20-25 cm
Ceiling & product shelf top - 30 cm
.
22. Monitoring
CFD of cool room including droplet tracks of
humidification spray, temperature and humidity
(taken with permission from Delele et al.,
2008).
23. Vapor Absorption System
Comparatively costlier but economical in operation
Cannot be used for temperature below 100C
Vapor Compression System
Comparitive chaper than VAS
Characteristics Diffusive VCS Fin coil VCS Bunker VCS
Height of storage
room
Low 5.4 11.5
Economic status costliest 5% costlier than Cheapest
Refrigeration system
27. Refrigerants
PRIMARY
Group I -nontoxic and nonflammable
CFC
Group II -slightly toxic and flammable
Inorganic R-717(NH3), CO2, Azeotropes
Group III - highly toxic and flammable
Hydrocarbons
SECONDARY
Brine solutions, alklyene gycols
30. Flooded type evaporator
Where,
f.m = recirculation factor & mass flow rate
in the evaporator tubes
m = mass flow rate through the
expansion valve and to the
compressor.
X4 = quality of mixture after the expansion
valve
x = be the quality of mixture after boiling in
the tubes
31. Heat load calculation
Field heat: heat required to reduce the product temperature at
harvest down to the safe storage level.
Heat of respiration : energy released by the product during the
respiration process.
Conductive heat gain : is heat gained/lost through the building
floor, walls and ceiling by conduction.
Convective heat gain :is heat that is transferred by convection,
the mixing of outside air with the cold inside air.
Equipment heat load : is the energy gained from equipment
operating in the room.
Human energy load
32. Visual basic 6.0
Heat transfer through wall ceiling & floor
kJ/s
Field heat
Heat produced from lightning
Q = Number of bulbs * W * (UF) * (AF) kJ/s
)( 0 iTTAUQ
t
TzTjmC
Q
p )(
Heat load calculation
33. Heat produced due to human occupancy
Q= n .Sensible heat gain
Heat given by power equipment
Q= Power range of motor in hp x 746 x 3.41 kJ/s
Motor efficiency
Total refrigeration required
Total heat removed
3.5
1 Ton of refrigeration = 3.5 kJ /s
Heat load calculation
N-s long wall light color paint at south wall reduces 11 C compared with dark
Dark flat roof 42 C warmer it is essential that laps and joints at ridges, verge and eaves be sealed and bedded closely .Also ventilation should be provided,
Most pitched roof are built with steel, timber or concrete fames with purlins carrying sheet materials such as steel, asbestos or aluminium
Refrigerated facilities held above freezing need no special under-floor treatment. floor wearing surface is a concrete slab cast on the floor insulation with a thickness 100-150mm
Determining thickenss U is necessarily determined
Not more than 20 in ch
Insulation leakage not beyond 6-8 W/m2
thermal conductance should not exceed 0. 15 kcal/m2h°C for cold stores Plaster pervious-but insulation should be impervious
Because of its lower thermal conductivity value the thickness required for Polyurethane Foam will be less thus allowing more storing space inside
Density double than Expanded PS, not eaten by rats & insects
Polyisocyanurate Foam- fire safe
Enrgy consumption incrases dramatically as thermal conductivity of wet insulation inc by 32 times
Sat pressure above atm for air or moisture ingresion and ease in leak detection
Condensor temp discharge pressure low for light w compressor, condensor
Pressure ration small high volumetric efficiency, low power consumprtion
Latent heat of vaporization mass flow rate per unit cooling capacity will be small
Environ-ODP, toxic, gwp,flammability, chemical stability, miscibility
f-= Mass flow rate of evaporator to compressor
UF = Use factor is 0.5 for industries
AF = Allowance factor is 1.25 for fluorescent tubes
W = Wattage of bulb used, i.e., 65 W