This document provides information about the design and development of packhouses and cold storage facilities. It discusses the differences between packhouses and cold storage, including their aims, governing bodies, and unit operations. It then describes the mechanism, function, and process flow within a packhouse. This includes details on receiving, sorting, grading, washing, drying, cooling, waxing, packaging, palletizing, and safety measures. The document concludes with descriptions of packhouse layout, materials of construction, and references.
detailed explaination:
"zero energy cool chambers" (ZECCs), are a type of evaporative cooler, which are simple and inexpensive ways to keep vegetables fresh without the use of electricity. Evaporation of water from a surface removes heat, creating a cooling effect, which can improve vegetable storage shelf life. ECCs are relatively large compared to the more common household clay pot cooler, and are therefore most suitable for farmers with large production quantities, farming groups, or farming cooperatives.
Cold storages are used for keeping perishashable food products. Design criteria for building and refrigeration concept for estimation of cooling load is decribed below.
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Canning of horticultural products like Fruits & vegetables, process of Canning, and the factors that affects Canning process and the effect of microorganisms and chemicals in the canned products.
Post harvest handling and transportationDebomitra Dey
Handling and transporation of postharvest produce like fruits and vegetables from farm to industry. The necessary measures to be taken while transportation and handling of fresh produce for longer stability of produce.
Ginger is obtained from the rhizomes of the plant Zingiber officinale Roso. It originated in
South East Asia and is valued for the dried ginger spice and preserved crystallised ginger.
detailed explaination:
"zero energy cool chambers" (ZECCs), are a type of evaporative cooler, which are simple and inexpensive ways to keep vegetables fresh without the use of electricity. Evaporation of water from a surface removes heat, creating a cooling effect, which can improve vegetable storage shelf life. ECCs are relatively large compared to the more common household clay pot cooler, and are therefore most suitable for farmers with large production quantities, farming groups, or farming cooperatives.
Cold storages are used for keeping perishashable food products. Design criteria for building and refrigeration concept for estimation of cooling load is decribed below.
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Canning of horticultural products like Fruits & vegetables, process of Canning, and the factors that affects Canning process and the effect of microorganisms and chemicals in the canned products.
Post harvest handling and transportationDebomitra Dey
Handling and transporation of postharvest produce like fruits and vegetables from farm to industry. The necessary measures to be taken while transportation and handling of fresh produce for longer stability of produce.
Ginger is obtained from the rhizomes of the plant Zingiber officinale Roso. It originated in
South East Asia and is valued for the dried ginger spice and preserved crystallised ginger.
Being part of the Speed House Group, our journey since inception in 1987 has been a very exciting one. Although the start was to supply our sister companies with minor GRP products to their prefab housing units, today I.C.C products have become a market leader in mass storage solutions for different types of liquids. Whether it’s sewerage, water or oil, we custom design and produce a solution for our clients. We have also established strategic alliances with companies in Korea, South Africa, France and Greece to ensure using the latest in technology & raw materials. In addition to water tanks I.C.C has expanded its offerings to several new products ranging from car shed, claddings, domes and solid surface products.
Dairy Processing plants in Pakistan as well as globally are fulfilling various nutritional needs of humans by providing them with the best and standardized products.
Some of the important parameters while constructing and planning for a dairy processing unit must include a specific set of instructions and guide line. some of them are in the document uploaded.
CNG Containers recycles sea containers into modular storage and service buildings. Many of these applications can be immediately used in a variety of industrial or urban settings where rapid, mobile and modular construction is required.
Improve Packaging Performance slides
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2. • Packhouse Vs Cold storage
• Mechanism
• Function
• Process flow
• Safety measures
• Plant layout
• Construction design
CONTENTS
3. PARTICULARS PACKHOUSE COLD STORAGE
Aim Increment in Market potentiality Extension of shelf life
Unit
operations
Cleaning/washing/grading/
sorting/
waxing/storage/transportation
Cleaning/grading/sortin
g/ cooling/storage
Governing
body
APEDA or private sector MoFPI or private sector
PACKHOUSE VS. COLDSTORE
5. Acts as an-
– accumulation or collection point
– temporary holding area prior to distribution
– dispatch point of produce to different destinations
FUNCTION OF PACKHOUSE
6. Process flow for ‘Carabao’ mangoes destined for export markets (www.fao.org)
7. RECEIVING
• Maturity assessment
• Removal of foreign matters
• Trimming
WEIGHING (Digital)
• 1kg scale -manual sizing (individual)
• 50 or 100kg scale
(incoming & outgoing produce)
Internal breakdown in ‘Carabao’ mango
PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE
12. REMOVING FIELD HEAT
• Contact icing
• Hydro-cooling
• Forced air cooling
• Vacuum coolers(may be tunnel)
• Evaporative cooling
A FIRST-IN, FIRST OUT(FIFO) SYSTEM
PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE
Dryer Blower
13. WAXING
• Food-grade waxes to reduce moisture loss
• Applied by
– foaming/ spray/ dipping and dripping
CONVEYING
• Belt conveyor
• Gravity conveyor (manual moving of conveyor)
Waxing of citrus by spraying
PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE
14. PACKAGING
• For delicate produce
• Less delicate produce
PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE
Bagger for retail packing
15. PALLETIZING
Examples of container dimensions
that are compatible with metric
pallets (1 200 × 1 000 mm)
Chimney stacking pattern of cartons on a pallet
and a central air space to allow heat to escape
from the cartons
Pallet for unitized handling of containers
Insulated pallet
PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE
17. Recommended design for a tank filled with liquid: (A) poor design may contain dead ends (B) design with improvements
for hygiene (Rahman 2007)
SAFETY MEASURES
A B
19. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
• Wood or bamboo: tables, benches, bins, crates and pallets
(dry product)
• SS 304 and SS 316: food contact surface
• Tungsten inert gas welding food contact joints. Metal inert gas
welding non-food contact joints
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN
20. ROOF
• Overhanging (atleast 1 m)- canvas or plastic
• 3 m above the floor (height improve ventilation)
• Galvanized iron sheet with insulation (PS or laminated plastic)
• Translucent or corrugated roofing panel (light)
• Screened roof vents
FLOORING
• Concrete, smooth finished
• Thick α load (reinforced with wire mesh & iron bar)
• mostly 10 cm
• heavy load-13-15cm
• Slope 2-4%
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN
21. DOOR & DOORWAY
• Width -1.5m(min)
• Gap between door & jambs 3mm(max.)
WALLS
• Concrete, smooth, non-absorbent, pest proof
• Slope 45°
• Floor-to-wall and wall-to-wall radius 5-6cm (min)
CEILING
• Acoustic board
• Distance between finished floor and ceiling- 2.4m (min)
• Paint-white
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN
Door & doorway
22. WINDOWS
• Screened (opening max 3mm)
• Slope 45°
• Height- 1m above floor
VENTILATION
• Cellulosic evaporative cooling pads (reduces temperature)
• Evaporative coolers
LIGHTING
An evaporative cooler that makes use of cellulosic pads
(inset) as wetted media
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN
23. • http://mpstateagro.nic.in/Project%20Reports%20pdf/BANANA%20PACK%20HOUS
E.pdf
• http://www.haith.co.uk/
• https://www.magrabi-agriculture.com/packhous.htm
• Rahman, M.S. 2007. Hygienic design and sanitation. In M.S. Rahman, ed.
Handbook of food preservation (2nd ed.), pp. 957-968. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC
Press.
• Mitchell, F.G. 1992. Packages for horticultural crops. In A.A. Kader, ed. Postharvest
technology of horticultural crops, pp. 45-52. Davis, California, Univ. of California.
• Reyes, M.U. 1988. Design, concept and operation of ASEAN packing-house
equipment for fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Horticulture Training and
Research Center, University of the Philippines at Los Baños. 56 pp.
REFERENCES
Chlorine concentration 50-200 ppm of active chlorine, eliminates fungi spores and bacteria on the surface of diseased fruits
At depths greater than 30 cm and for periods of time longer than 3 minutes, water tends to penetrate inside fruits
Figure 2.1. A series of air knives (1) direct thin streams of high-velocity air; (2) to blow water droplets off the
surface of produce; (3) the commodity is moved and rotated on a bed of active rollers; (4) to expose the entire
surface area to the air streams