This document describes the design and implementation of a coin acceptor based vending machine using a microcontroller. It includes:
1) A block diagram showing the overall system including an Arduino Mega board, LCD display, coin acceptor, servo motors, stepper motor, and push buttons.
2) Details of the software implementation including using the Arduino IDE to control the LCD display, read the coin acceptor and push buttons, and activate the appropriate servo motor based on the item selected.
3) Description of the hardware implementation including the components used, power supply, and basic functioning where the LCD prompts the user, a coin is inserted, a product is selected via button press which activates the corresponding
This document describes a student project to create a traffic light controller using an AT89C51 microcontroller. It provides background on the history of traffic lights, descriptions of red, yellow, and green light meanings. The project components include an AT89C51 microcontroller, LED lights, resistors, capacitors, and a crystal oscillator. The microcontroller is programmed to automatically change the LED light signals after a time interval by setting the corresponding port pins high and low. The motivation is that it is a basic microcontroller application. There is opportunity to enhance it to control signals automatically based on sensor detection of traffic density.
This document describes an Arduino-based parking lot system project created by two students. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to keep track of the number of parked cars, display vacant spaces on a 7-segment display, and control a gate arm. The objectives are to design and build a prototype automated parking system and learn how to program and operate such a system using Arduino. Required materials include an Arduino Uno, servo motor, display, resistors, breadboard, and other basic electronic components. Potential real-world applications and current limitations are also outlined.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL USING IR SENSORSKunal Kabra
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent auto traffic signal control system.
Traffic congestion is one of the major issues to be considered. Generally Vehicular traffic
Intersects at the junctions of the road and are controlled by the traffic signals .Traffic signals
Need a good coordination and control to ensure the smooth and safe flow of the vehicular traffic.
During the rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility for the
Emergency vehicles to stuck in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a need for the dynamic control
of the traffic during rush hours. Hence I propose a smart traffic signal controller .The proposed
System tries to minimize the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some
Extent by clearing the road with higher density of vehicles and also provides the clearance for the Emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the AVR micro controller and IR sensors
Technology.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of River Cleaning MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a river cleaning machine. The machine uses a waterwheel to power a conveyor belt mechanism that collects waste, garbage, and plastic waste from water bodies. It aims to reduce manual labor and time required for river cleaning. The key components include a motor, chain drive system, propeller, and conveyor belt. The design calculations cover motor sizing, gear ratios, belt drive tensions, shaft and pulley dimensions, and conveyor belt capacity. The river cleaning machine is intended to efficiently remove surface debris from rivers, lakes, and ponds to reduce water pollution and protect aquatic life.
In today’s global scenario, water wastage and water shortage are an over rising problem. With the world population rising minute by minute, the need for water is increasing and therefore water conservation is the need of the hour. Today’s industries need huge amount of manpower for system supervision. We have come out with a solution where we use sensors to measure the water level of the storage system and be informed about the same, saving human efforts. Here, sensors are fit in the storage tank at different levels. The sensors are further connected to a microcontroller. The sensors detect the water level and inform it to the microcontroller which displays the storage tank status on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). A gate mechanism is also attached to this system which is triggered when the water level reaches the brim of the storage system.
IOT based Water Level Monitoring system is an improved system which will inform the users about the level of liquid and will prevent it from overflowing. To demonstrate this the system makes use of containers, where the ultrasonic sensors placed over the containers to detect the liquid level and compare it with the container’s depth. The system makes use of AVR family microcontroller, Arduino, LCD screen, Wi-Fi modem for sending data and a buzzer. A 12 V transformer is used for power supply in this system. The LCD screen is used to display the status of the level of liquid in the containers. The liquid level is highlighted as colored to show the level of liquid present in the container with the help of a web page to the user. The buzzer starts ringing when the set limit of the liquid is crossed. Thus this system helps
Have you always wanted to build a robot, but weren't sure how to get started? This course will take you step-by-step through the build process. Each section of the course includes lessons, assembly videos, sketches and demos. You will be able to show off your new obstacle avoidance robot based on the Arduino Uno by the end of the course.
Sign up for my full course and receive $75 percent off the purchase price. All sketches and build videos are included.
Sign up below:
https://www.udemy.com/arduino-obstacle-avoidance-robot/?couponCode=OAR_SKILLSHARE
This document describes a smart car parking system using IoT. The system uses sensors to detect available parking spots and sends the information to a display and mobile app. Cars enter and exit the parking area through automated gates controlled by IR sensors. Users can check the app to see available spots and navigate to empty ones indicated by green LED lights, while occupied spots have red lights. This optimized system reduces traffic and pollution compared to traditional parking methods.
This document describes a student project to create a traffic light controller using an AT89C51 microcontroller. It provides background on the history of traffic lights, descriptions of red, yellow, and green light meanings. The project components include an AT89C51 microcontroller, LED lights, resistors, capacitors, and a crystal oscillator. The microcontroller is programmed to automatically change the LED light signals after a time interval by setting the corresponding port pins high and low. The motivation is that it is a basic microcontroller application. There is opportunity to enhance it to control signals automatically based on sensor detection of traffic density.
This document describes an Arduino-based parking lot system project created by two students. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to keep track of the number of parked cars, display vacant spaces on a 7-segment display, and control a gate arm. The objectives are to design and build a prototype automated parking system and learn how to program and operate such a system using Arduino. Required materials include an Arduino Uno, servo motor, display, resistors, breadboard, and other basic electronic components. Potential real-world applications and current limitations are also outlined.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL USING IR SENSORSKunal Kabra
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent auto traffic signal control system.
Traffic congestion is one of the major issues to be considered. Generally Vehicular traffic
Intersects at the junctions of the road and are controlled by the traffic signals .Traffic signals
Need a good coordination and control to ensure the smooth and safe flow of the vehicular traffic.
During the rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility for the
Emergency vehicles to stuck in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a need for the dynamic control
of the traffic during rush hours. Hence I propose a smart traffic signal controller .The proposed
System tries to minimize the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some
Extent by clearing the road with higher density of vehicles and also provides the clearance for the Emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the AVR micro controller and IR sensors
Technology.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of River Cleaning MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a river cleaning machine. The machine uses a waterwheel to power a conveyor belt mechanism that collects waste, garbage, and plastic waste from water bodies. It aims to reduce manual labor and time required for river cleaning. The key components include a motor, chain drive system, propeller, and conveyor belt. The design calculations cover motor sizing, gear ratios, belt drive tensions, shaft and pulley dimensions, and conveyor belt capacity. The river cleaning machine is intended to efficiently remove surface debris from rivers, lakes, and ponds to reduce water pollution and protect aquatic life.
In today’s global scenario, water wastage and water shortage are an over rising problem. With the world population rising minute by minute, the need for water is increasing and therefore water conservation is the need of the hour. Today’s industries need huge amount of manpower for system supervision. We have come out with a solution where we use sensors to measure the water level of the storage system and be informed about the same, saving human efforts. Here, sensors are fit in the storage tank at different levels. The sensors are further connected to a microcontroller. The sensors detect the water level and inform it to the microcontroller which displays the storage tank status on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). A gate mechanism is also attached to this system which is triggered when the water level reaches the brim of the storage system.
IOT based Water Level Monitoring system is an improved system which will inform the users about the level of liquid and will prevent it from overflowing. To demonstrate this the system makes use of containers, where the ultrasonic sensors placed over the containers to detect the liquid level and compare it with the container’s depth. The system makes use of AVR family microcontroller, Arduino, LCD screen, Wi-Fi modem for sending data and a buzzer. A 12 V transformer is used for power supply in this system. The LCD screen is used to display the status of the level of liquid in the containers. The liquid level is highlighted as colored to show the level of liquid present in the container with the help of a web page to the user. The buzzer starts ringing when the set limit of the liquid is crossed. Thus this system helps
Have you always wanted to build a robot, but weren't sure how to get started? This course will take you step-by-step through the build process. Each section of the course includes lessons, assembly videos, sketches and demos. You will be able to show off your new obstacle avoidance robot based on the Arduino Uno by the end of the course.
Sign up for my full course and receive $75 percent off the purchase price. All sketches and build videos are included.
Sign up below:
https://www.udemy.com/arduino-obstacle-avoidance-robot/?couponCode=OAR_SKILLSHARE
This document describes a smart car parking system using IoT. The system uses sensors to detect available parking spots and sends the information to a display and mobile app. Cars enter and exit the parking area through automated gates controlled by IR sensors. Users can check the app to see available spots and navigate to empty ones indicated by green LED lights, while occupied spots have red lights. This optimized system reduces traffic and pollution compared to traditional parking methods.
Vehicle Speed detecter By PRAGYA AGARWALiamtheone5
The project mentioned here is “Speed checker and over speed detector for Highways”. This project is designed and developed by taking into consideration the problem mentioned above. We have used two sensors in this project. These sensors detect the vehicle speed. Condition is that, the two sensors should be installed at a distance of 100 meteres apart from one another.
Now-a-days we hear news about accidents on Highways very frequently. And in most of the cases main reason of accident is overspeed. Although all highways do have signboards indicating maximum speed limit for the sake of driver’s safety, but still people does not obey highway speed limit.
This document provides an overview of signal generators. It discusses the basic components and applications of signal generators, including providing waveforms for testing electronic circuits at low powers. It describes the oscillator that provides the output signal and different waveform options. It also covers the requirements for frequency, amplitude, and distortion for the output signal. The document then discusses different frequency bands and types of fixed and variable frequency oscillators. It provides examples of basic, standard, and modern laboratory signal generators. It describes the front panel controls of an AF sine and square wave generator and includes block diagrams of a square and pulse generator and sweep frequency generator.
This document describes a project to create a "Smart Dustbin" that uses sensors and communication technologies to monitor garbage levels and notify authorities when bins are full. The system uses infrared sensors to detect garbage levels in bins and sends SMS alerts to municipal authorities. When a bin reaches 90% capacity, a buzzer sounds and LED lights indicate the full status. The lid also prevents additional garbage from being added. The goal is to improve waste management and support cleanliness initiatives through automated monitoring of public garbage bins.
Ppt on automatic street light control using ir sensorsVikram Emmidi
This document describes a project to automatically control street lights using infrared sensors and a microcontroller. The system is intended to reduce energy consumption by turning lights on only when vehicles are detected. Infrared sensors detect passing vehicles and signal the microcontroller, which then turns on the appropriate street lights. When the vehicle passes, the lights will turn off again after a set time. The goal is to reduce wasted electricity while providing lighting as needed.
A ppt on smart waste segregation designed to used at commercial places like Hospitals, Offices, MNCs, Park, etc...You can also use this as your school/ college's project topic.
ENJOY !!!
This document describes a project to design and build a prototype automated parking lot system using an Arduino board. The objectives are to control the system for automated parking and learn how to program Arduino. The system will use sensors to track the number of occupied and unoccupied spaces, raise gates to allow entry and exit, and track parking times. An Arduino Uno microcontroller, sensors, servo motor, 7-segment display and other components will be used to control the gates and display parking information based on sensor inputs. The code will be programmed using the Arduino IDE and uploaded to the microcontroller to operate the system.
This document describes a project to design an obstacle detection algorithm for robotics using an infrared sensor system. A team of 5 students developed an embedded C program for an intelligent robot that can detect and avoid obstacles using 3 infrared sensors and an AT89S52 microcontroller. The robot is able to navigate collision-free using this multi-sensor integration technique. The hardware components include infrared sensors, a motor driver IC, DC motors, an LCD, and a comparator. The software was developed using Kiel compiler and embedded C language. The robot is able to safely reach its goal in an unknown environment by overcoming obstacles without human guidance.
In this project “RFID based Car Parking System” we have shown the concept of an automatic car parking system. As in the modern world everything is going automatic we have built a system which will automatically sense the entry and exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars in the parking lot.
Check-ins and check-outs will be handled in a fast manner without having to stop the cars so that traffic jam problem will be avoided during these processes. Since there won't be any waiting during check-ins and check-outs the formation of emission gas as a result of such waiting will be avoided. Therefore, by this project we develop a parking system for an organization to have automated parking system for making best use of space, decreasing the man power and providing authentication for the vehicles from avoiding the theft.
Even we can set a maximum capacity of cars .We have developed a microcontroller which is used to sense the movement of cars and depending upon whether there is a capacity of cars to enter, it either opens the gate or not. It is also possible to open a gate when any car enters in the parking lot or close the door when a car exits from the parking lot with help of RFID.
There are two sets of sensors: one on the first gate (entry gate) and one on the second gate (exit gate). When a car arrives at the door the microcontroller receives the signal from the entry sensors and then checks whether there is a capacity of cars to be accommodated. Simultaneously it will also display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a LCD screen and also opens the gate. When a car moves out of the parking area the microcontroller reduces the count displayed accordingly and also closes the gate .The sensing of entry and exit of cars is done with the help of Infrared transmitters and receivers. Before the door the Infrared transmitter is mounted on one side and the receiver is placed directly in front of the transmitter across the door. When a car arrives the Infrared beam is blocked by the car and the receiver is devoid of Infrared rays and its output changes. This change in output is sensed by the microcontroller and accordingly it increments the count and opens the door if there is some capacity. The procedure for the exit of the cars is similar as the entry.
Describes ARM7-TDMI Processor Instruction Set. Explains classes of ARM7 instructions, syntax of data processing instructions, branch instructions, load-store instructions, coprocessor instructions, thumb state instructions.
This document describes an automatic street light control circuit using an LDR that turns lights on and off based on light levels. The circuit uses an LDR, resistors, capacitors, a transistor, and relay. When it gets dark, the resistance of the LDR decreases which causes the transistor to turn on and activate the relay, powering the street lights. When it gets light again, the LDR's resistance increases and the lights turn off. The circuit provides automatic light control with low power consumption.
The document discusses the Thumb instruction set of the ARM7TDMI processor, which uses 16-bit instructions as a more compact alternative to the standard 32-bit ARM instruction set. It describes how Thumb instructions are dynamically decompressed into ARM instructions, and how the processor can switch between ARM and Thumb modes using BX instructions. It also summarizes the key features of the Thumb instruction set, including differences from ARM like restricted register access, smaller immediate values and instruction formats optimized for code size over performance.
a project on automatic traffic control using IC 555jack990315
The document describes a student project to build an IC 555 and IC 4017 based traffic light circuit. It provides background on the history and purpose of traffic lights. It then details the components used in the circuit including IC 555 and IC 4017, and how they work together to simulate traffic light functionality by sequentially activating LED outputs to represent the changing lights. The document also covers potential issues with traffic and how temporary traffic control can help address them.
Automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using gsm and gps m...mahesh_rman
This document summarizes an automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using GSM and GPS technology. The system uses a microcontroller, GSM modem, and GPS modem to detect if an accident occurs and send an SMS message with the vehicle's location to alert contacts. Some key advantages are providing security while traveling by detecting accident locations and notifying others. The system could also be expanded to track stolen vehicles or interface with other vehicle security systems.
IoT Based Garbage Monitoring System pptRanjan Gupta
This document presents an IOT-based garbage monitoring system that uses ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller to detect garbage levels in bins. The system sends this data over WiFi to a web page that graphically displays the garbage levels in each bin in real-time. When a bin reaches capacity, the system alerts municipal workers to empty it. This innovative system aims to help keep cities clean and support initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission by optimizing garbage collection.
This document discusses how to connect and control a DC motor using an Arduino Uno board. It explains the components needed like the motor, MOSFET transistor, diode rectifier and resistor. It describes how the motor works using electromagnetic principles and how the diode rectifier converts AC to DC power. It shows the pin connections and provides an example Arduino code using PWM to control the motor's speed by writing analog values to the motor control pin.
Rfid based attendance system using arduino (1)AWANISHKUMAR84
This document describes an RFID-based attendance system using Arduino. The system uses an RFID reader to read student ID cards and record attendance by storing the entry and exit times. It consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, RFID reader, real-time clock module, LCD display, and other components. When a student swipes their RFID card, the system reads the card ID and stores the arrival time. It stores the leaving time when they swipe out. This allows it to track attendance and calculate time spent on-site. The system provides automatic, contactless attendance tracking with benefits like low cost and easy monitoring.
The document describes an automatic car washing system that uses Arduino to control the washing process. Sensors are placed along a conveyor belt to detect when a car reaches different stages, including washing, brushing, rinsing, and drying. When a car is detected at a stage, the relevant components like pumps, motors, and a fan are activated for a set period of time. This system reduces the need for human labor and resources compared to manual car washing. It has potential applications in places where many cars need cleaning, like manufacturing companies, service stations, and car maintenance facilities.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines usability issues experienced by ATM users in Pune, India. The paper reviews literature on ATM usability and related topics. A survey was conducted with 70 ATM users, and their responses were analyzed. The analysis found that users were most concerned with time spent at ATMs and usability factors like ease of use and speed. Users wanted special features for elderly users. The paper concludes that banks should implement improvements like enhanced usability of screens and menus, clearer error messages, and accessibility features for elderly users.
Vehicle Speed detecter By PRAGYA AGARWALiamtheone5
The project mentioned here is “Speed checker and over speed detector for Highways”. This project is designed and developed by taking into consideration the problem mentioned above. We have used two sensors in this project. These sensors detect the vehicle speed. Condition is that, the two sensors should be installed at a distance of 100 meteres apart from one another.
Now-a-days we hear news about accidents on Highways very frequently. And in most of the cases main reason of accident is overspeed. Although all highways do have signboards indicating maximum speed limit for the sake of driver’s safety, but still people does not obey highway speed limit.
This document provides an overview of signal generators. It discusses the basic components and applications of signal generators, including providing waveforms for testing electronic circuits at low powers. It describes the oscillator that provides the output signal and different waveform options. It also covers the requirements for frequency, amplitude, and distortion for the output signal. The document then discusses different frequency bands and types of fixed and variable frequency oscillators. It provides examples of basic, standard, and modern laboratory signal generators. It describes the front panel controls of an AF sine and square wave generator and includes block diagrams of a square and pulse generator and sweep frequency generator.
This document describes a project to create a "Smart Dustbin" that uses sensors and communication technologies to monitor garbage levels and notify authorities when bins are full. The system uses infrared sensors to detect garbage levels in bins and sends SMS alerts to municipal authorities. When a bin reaches 90% capacity, a buzzer sounds and LED lights indicate the full status. The lid also prevents additional garbage from being added. The goal is to improve waste management and support cleanliness initiatives through automated monitoring of public garbage bins.
Ppt on automatic street light control using ir sensorsVikram Emmidi
This document describes a project to automatically control street lights using infrared sensors and a microcontroller. The system is intended to reduce energy consumption by turning lights on only when vehicles are detected. Infrared sensors detect passing vehicles and signal the microcontroller, which then turns on the appropriate street lights. When the vehicle passes, the lights will turn off again after a set time. The goal is to reduce wasted electricity while providing lighting as needed.
A ppt on smart waste segregation designed to used at commercial places like Hospitals, Offices, MNCs, Park, etc...You can also use this as your school/ college's project topic.
ENJOY !!!
This document describes a project to design and build a prototype automated parking lot system using an Arduino board. The objectives are to control the system for automated parking and learn how to program Arduino. The system will use sensors to track the number of occupied and unoccupied spaces, raise gates to allow entry and exit, and track parking times. An Arduino Uno microcontroller, sensors, servo motor, 7-segment display and other components will be used to control the gates and display parking information based on sensor inputs. The code will be programmed using the Arduino IDE and uploaded to the microcontroller to operate the system.
This document describes a project to design an obstacle detection algorithm for robotics using an infrared sensor system. A team of 5 students developed an embedded C program for an intelligent robot that can detect and avoid obstacles using 3 infrared sensors and an AT89S52 microcontroller. The robot is able to navigate collision-free using this multi-sensor integration technique. The hardware components include infrared sensors, a motor driver IC, DC motors, an LCD, and a comparator. The software was developed using Kiel compiler and embedded C language. The robot is able to safely reach its goal in an unknown environment by overcoming obstacles without human guidance.
In this project “RFID based Car Parking System” we have shown the concept of an automatic car parking system. As in the modern world everything is going automatic we have built a system which will automatically sense the entry and exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars in the parking lot.
Check-ins and check-outs will be handled in a fast manner without having to stop the cars so that traffic jam problem will be avoided during these processes. Since there won't be any waiting during check-ins and check-outs the formation of emission gas as a result of such waiting will be avoided. Therefore, by this project we develop a parking system for an organization to have automated parking system for making best use of space, decreasing the man power and providing authentication for the vehicles from avoiding the theft.
Even we can set a maximum capacity of cars .We have developed a microcontroller which is used to sense the movement of cars and depending upon whether there is a capacity of cars to enter, it either opens the gate or not. It is also possible to open a gate when any car enters in the parking lot or close the door when a car exits from the parking lot with help of RFID.
There are two sets of sensors: one on the first gate (entry gate) and one on the second gate (exit gate). When a car arrives at the door the microcontroller receives the signal from the entry sensors and then checks whether there is a capacity of cars to be accommodated. Simultaneously it will also display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a LCD screen and also opens the gate. When a car moves out of the parking area the microcontroller reduces the count displayed accordingly and also closes the gate .The sensing of entry and exit of cars is done with the help of Infrared transmitters and receivers. Before the door the Infrared transmitter is mounted on one side and the receiver is placed directly in front of the transmitter across the door. When a car arrives the Infrared beam is blocked by the car and the receiver is devoid of Infrared rays and its output changes. This change in output is sensed by the microcontroller and accordingly it increments the count and opens the door if there is some capacity. The procedure for the exit of the cars is similar as the entry.
Describes ARM7-TDMI Processor Instruction Set. Explains classes of ARM7 instructions, syntax of data processing instructions, branch instructions, load-store instructions, coprocessor instructions, thumb state instructions.
This document describes an automatic street light control circuit using an LDR that turns lights on and off based on light levels. The circuit uses an LDR, resistors, capacitors, a transistor, and relay. When it gets dark, the resistance of the LDR decreases which causes the transistor to turn on and activate the relay, powering the street lights. When it gets light again, the LDR's resistance increases and the lights turn off. The circuit provides automatic light control with low power consumption.
The document discusses the Thumb instruction set of the ARM7TDMI processor, which uses 16-bit instructions as a more compact alternative to the standard 32-bit ARM instruction set. It describes how Thumb instructions are dynamically decompressed into ARM instructions, and how the processor can switch between ARM and Thumb modes using BX instructions. It also summarizes the key features of the Thumb instruction set, including differences from ARM like restricted register access, smaller immediate values and instruction formats optimized for code size over performance.
a project on automatic traffic control using IC 555jack990315
The document describes a student project to build an IC 555 and IC 4017 based traffic light circuit. It provides background on the history and purpose of traffic lights. It then details the components used in the circuit including IC 555 and IC 4017, and how they work together to simulate traffic light functionality by sequentially activating LED outputs to represent the changing lights. The document also covers potential issues with traffic and how temporary traffic control can help address them.
Automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using gsm and gps m...mahesh_rman
This document summarizes an automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using GSM and GPS technology. The system uses a microcontroller, GSM modem, and GPS modem to detect if an accident occurs and send an SMS message with the vehicle's location to alert contacts. Some key advantages are providing security while traveling by detecting accident locations and notifying others. The system could also be expanded to track stolen vehicles or interface with other vehicle security systems.
IoT Based Garbage Monitoring System pptRanjan Gupta
This document presents an IOT-based garbage monitoring system that uses ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller to detect garbage levels in bins. The system sends this data over WiFi to a web page that graphically displays the garbage levels in each bin in real-time. When a bin reaches capacity, the system alerts municipal workers to empty it. This innovative system aims to help keep cities clean and support initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission by optimizing garbage collection.
This document discusses how to connect and control a DC motor using an Arduino Uno board. It explains the components needed like the motor, MOSFET transistor, diode rectifier and resistor. It describes how the motor works using electromagnetic principles and how the diode rectifier converts AC to DC power. It shows the pin connections and provides an example Arduino code using PWM to control the motor's speed by writing analog values to the motor control pin.
Rfid based attendance system using arduino (1)AWANISHKUMAR84
This document describes an RFID-based attendance system using Arduino. The system uses an RFID reader to read student ID cards and record attendance by storing the entry and exit times. It consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, RFID reader, real-time clock module, LCD display, and other components. When a student swipes their RFID card, the system reads the card ID and stores the arrival time. It stores the leaving time when they swipe out. This allows it to track attendance and calculate time spent on-site. The system provides automatic, contactless attendance tracking with benefits like low cost and easy monitoring.
The document describes an automatic car washing system that uses Arduino to control the washing process. Sensors are placed along a conveyor belt to detect when a car reaches different stages, including washing, brushing, rinsing, and drying. When a car is detected at a stage, the relevant components like pumps, motors, and a fan are activated for a set period of time. This system reduces the need for human labor and resources compared to manual car washing. It has potential applications in places where many cars need cleaning, like manufacturing companies, service stations, and car maintenance facilities.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines usability issues experienced by ATM users in Pune, India. The paper reviews literature on ATM usability and related topics. A survey was conducted with 70 ATM users, and their responses were analyzed. The analysis found that users were most concerned with time spent at ATMs and usability factors like ease of use and speed. Users wanted special features for elderly users. The paper concludes that banks should implement improvements like enhanced usability of screens and menus, clearer error messages, and accessibility features for elderly users.
Automatic Plant Watering System using Arduino UNO for University Parkijtsrd
Watering is the most important cultural practice and most labor intensive task in daily greenhouse operation. Watering systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when they need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important aspects of watering process. To make the gardener works easily, the automatic plant watering system is created. There have a various type using automatic watering system that are by using sprinkler system, tube, nozzles and other. This system uses Arduino UNO board, which consists of ATmega328 microcontroller. It is programmed in such a way that it will sense the moisture level of the plants and supply the water if required. This type of system is often used for general plant care, as part of caring for small and large gardens. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening. So, the microcontroller has to be coded to water the plants in the greenhouse about two times per day. However for most people it becomes challenging to keep them healthy and alive. This system automation is designed to be assistive for the University Park. This system hopes that through this prototype people will enjoy having plants without the challenges related to absent or forgetfulness. Yin Yin Nu | San San Lwin | Win Win Maw ""Automatic Plant Watering System using Arduino UNO for University Park"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23714.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/23714/automatic-plant-watering-system-using-arduino-uno-for-university-park/yin-yin-nu
Alarm System for Medicine Reminder Based on Microcontrollerijtsrd
This paper investigates based on microcontroller medicine reminder alarm system. This system includes the DS1307 Real Time Clock RTC module, L298N motor driver, DC motor, I2C Liquid Crystal Display LCD module, four pushbuttons and buzzer. Arduino UNO is used to activate the whole system. Four types of push button enter the time for the person to take medicine. The clock module is used to set up time and LCD is used to display time for the taking medicine. The buzzer is used to alarm the time for taking medicine. The motor driver is used to drive the DC motor which controls the opening and closing function of the medical box. Ni Ni San Hlaing | San San Naing "Alarm System for Medicine Reminder Based on Microcontroller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26518.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26518/alarm-system-for-medicine-reminder-based-on-microcontroller/ni-ni-san-hlaing
The vending machine which provides the beverage like snacks, cold drink, it is also used for ticketing. These systems are operated on either coin or note or manually switch operated. This paper presents the system which operates not on coin or note, it operates on RFID system. This system gives the access through only RFID which avoid the misuse of machine. A small RFID reader is fitted on the machine. The identity card which contains RFID tag is given to each person. If the ID card owner wants to get some snacks, by showing the ID tag to the reader is the only way to get the desired snacks and the amount to money to pay will be deducted from the account. Aye Aye Nyein | Ohnmar Win "RFID Based Vending Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27851.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27851/rfid-based-vending-machine/aye-aye-nyein
Paper on Customer Care Unit For Shopping MallIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed customer care unit system for shopping malls. The system uses RFID cards, a microcontroller, and other components to automate the process of customers purchasing grains and other goods in weighted packets. When a valid customer card is scanned, the system will display available goods and quantities to the customer. The customer can then select items and quantities, and the total amount will be displayed. Payment will be made with the RFID card, without needing to visit a counter. This is proposed to save customers time compared to current shopping mall processes for weighted goods purchases.
Smart Trolley in Mega Mall Using ZigbeeIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart trolley system for mega malls using Zigbee technology. The system uses RFID tags on products that are scanned by an RFID reader on the trolley. The product information and price are then displayed on an LCD screen. As additional products are scanned, their prices are added to the running total displayed. The trolley components communicate wirelessly with a central PC using Zigbee. This allows customers to easily track their spending in real-time and make purchase decisions before checkout, saving time. The system aims to improve the shopping experience by expediting the shopping and billing process.
Design and Implementation of Mini Car Washingijtsrd
In this paper the author wants to explain design and implementation of the automatic mini car washing system with sensors and CorelDRAW computer software. Arduino microcontroller is the main control unit of the system and this system is fully automated with different stages such as washing, cleaning and drying. It also contains emergency shutdown system ESD for dangerous conditions such as fire, gas, and avoidance, and this system is designed with flame, gas and infrared sensors. The main purpose of this paper is to develop automatic car washing system without manual labour. The system has the ability to identify and profile geometrical dimensions of the vehicle chassis. Vehicle dimension identification is an important point in this system to adjust the washing brushes position and time duration. The result of this system indicates that the proposed method in process control not only increases productivity, speed, accuracy and safety but also reduces the time and cost of washing. Cho Thet Nwe | Ma Naing "Design and Implementation of Mini Car Washing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26804.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26804/design-and-implementation-of-mini-car-washing/cho-thet-nwe
IRJET - Anytime Medicine Vending MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic medicine vending machine that would allow people to access common over-the-counter medications 24/7. The machine would use RFID cards for user authentication and payment. Users would select the needed medication from a menu on an LCD display. If the medication is available in stock, the machine would dispense it using stepper motors. The goal is to improve access to medications, especially in rural areas where medical providers are not available 24/7. Key components include an Arduino microcontroller, RFID reader, LCD display, GSM modem, and stepper motors to automate dispensing from internal storage bins.
IRJET- Easy, Efficient and Integrated Billing SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes an easy, efficient, and integrated billing system for electricity using smart meters. It involves using an Arduino microcontroller connected to a smart meter and photodiode to remotely read electricity usage data. This data would be sent via the Arduino to an online portal or SMS messages to inform customers of their electricity usage and bills. The system aims to automate the billing process, reduce costs and queues for bill payment, and allow customers to access billing information remotely through a website or mobile notifications. It could help utilities better understand customer usage patterns and reduce non-technical losses like theft.
These days we have an increased number of heart diseases including increased risk of heart attacks. Our proposed system users sensors that allow to detect heart rate of a person using heartbeat sensing even if the person is at home. The sensor is then interfaced to a microcontroller that allows checking heart rate readings and transmitting them over internet. The user may set the high as well as low levels of heart beat limit. After setting these limits, the system starts monitoring and as soon as patient heart beat goes above a certain limit, the system sends an alert to the controller which then transmits this over the internet and alerts the doctors as well as concerned users. Also the system alerts for lower heartbeats. Whenever the user logs on for monitoring, the system also displays the live heart rate of the patient. Thus concerned ones may monitor heart rate as well get an alert of heart attack to the patient immediately from anywhere and the person can be saved on time.This value will continue to grow if no proper solution is found. Internet of Things (IoT) technology developments allows humans to control a variety of high-tech equipment in our daily lives. One of these is the ease of checking health using gadgets, either a phone, tablet or laptop. we mainly focused on the safety measures for both driver and vehicle by using three types of sensors: Heartbeat sensor, Traffic light sensor and Level sensor. Heartbeat sensor is used to monitor heartbeat rate of the driver constantly and prevents from the accidents by controlling through IOT.
IRJET- Smart Trolley for Billing SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a smart trolley system for billing at shopping malls that uses a barcode reader to scan product barcodes and display product prices and totals on an LCD screen. It uses a microcontroller, keypad, and Wi-Fi module to transfer data to a computer for billing.
2. The system allows customers to enter a budget using the keypad and will sound an alarm if the budget is exceeded when adding products. Customers can add or remove items to stay within budget.
3. At checkout, the total bill is displayed and customer payment data is transferred wirelessly via the Wi-Fi module, reducing checkout time compared to traditional methods.
IRJET- Smart Bin Management System using Internet of ThingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a smart bin management system using Internet of Things technologies. The system uses RFID cards to identify individual users when they dispose of food waste. A load cell then measures the amount disposed and stores this in a database along with the user ID. The bin is connected to the Internet to allow remote monitoring of waste levels and downloading of waste data. This provides a more efficient way to track individual food waste compared to traditional manual monitoring methods.
This document describes a proposed smart billing cart system that would allow customers to scan products and generate a bill directly within their shopping cart. The system uses a barcode reader attached to the cart to automatically scan product barcodes as items are added to the cart. An ATmega 328 microcontroller then displays the item name, price, and running total on an LCD screen. WiFi transmits this information to a centralized server. This would allow customers to skip long checkout lines by paying the pre-generated bill directly after shopping. The proposed system aims to save customers time by scanning and billing items directly in the cart.
All-in-One Intelligent Shopping Trolley with Automatic Billing and Payment Sy...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed intelligent shopping trolley system with automated billing and payment capabilities. Key features of the system include using a barcode reader and sensors to automatically identify and track items added to the cart. It would allow customers to pay for their purchases using various digital payment methods directly from the cart, without needing to wait in line. The system is intended to improve the shopping experience for customers and help retailers compete with online shopping. It would be implemented using an Arduino Mega microcontroller connected to sensors, a barcode reader, and wireless communication modules.
IRJET- Smart Trolley for Guiding Customers in Super Markets using AOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart trolley system for supermarkets that uses RFID technology to automatically calculate customer bills. Key points:
- The system attaches RFID tags to all products in the store and fits shopping trolleys with RFID readers. As customers add tagged products to their trolley, the reader detects the products' unique codes and stores their prices in memory.
- As the customer shops, the trolley continuously calculates a running total bill. When shopping is complete, the total is wirelessly transmitted to a PC at the billing counter, avoiding long checkout lines.
- The document discusses the system's benefits of reducing checkout times and queues. It also reviews related literature on smart shopping technologies and
The document describes an automatic plant watering system that uses an Arduino UNO board. The system senses the moisture level of plants using a moisture sensor connected to the Arduino. If the moisture level drops below a threshold, the Arduino activates a water pump using a relay module to supply water. The Arduino is programmed using the Arduino IDE to read the sensor, activate the pump when needed, and monitor moisture levels. The system automates the watering process to make caring for plants easier.
IRJET- Biometric based Bank Locker SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a biometric bank locker system that uses fingerprint recognition and an Aadhaar card database to authenticate users and securely access personal belongings.
2. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to a fingerprint sensor and servo motor to unlock a locker when a registered fingerprint is detected. It also scans Aadhaar cards to maintain a database of user information and access logs.
3. An Android mobile app and webpage allow users and bank personnel to interface with the system, enroll and delete fingerprints, view access logs, and understand how the biometric locker works for enhanced security compared to traditional lockers.
The document outlines the components and methodology for a project on a vending machine controlled by sensors and Arduino. It includes chapters on the circuit diagram, components like Arduino, motors, sensors. It describes the coding and flowchart for the procedure to sense the line and select options. The objectives are to create an automated, cost efficient vending machine that can make different coffee decoctions using sensors and artificial intelligence.
Similar to Coin Acceptor Based Vending Machine using Microcontroller (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28003 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2240
III. Implementation
A. Software Implementation
The software implementation is the Arduino IDE based
software environment. A program written with the Arduino
IDE is called a sketch. Sketches are saved on the
development computer as text files with the file extension
.ino. Arduino Software (IDE) saved sketches with the
extension .pde. A minimal Arduino C/C++ program consists
of only two functions: setup (): This function is called once
when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is used to
initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other
libraries needed in the sketch. Loop (): After setup ()
function exits (ends), the loop () function is executed
repeatedly in the main program. It controls the board until
the board is powered off or is reset.
Software Implementation for LCD Working
void loop()
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" Insert a coin!");
while (true) {
if (digitalRead(coinDetector) == HIGH)
{
break;
}
}
delay(10);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Select your item");
Serial.println ("Select your item");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" 1, 2, 3 or 4? ");
In the main program, start by printing on the LCD the
message “Insert a coin”. Then user get stuck in the while
loop. Once the insert a coin and it pass near the proximity
sensor the logic state at the coin detector pin will drop to
LOW and in that case user get out of the while loop using the
break statement. Then print the message “Select your item”
and user get stuck in another while loop.
Software Implementation for Push Button
while (true)
{
if (digitalRead(button1) == LOW)
{
buttonPressed = 1;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button2) == LOW)
{
buttonPressed = 2;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button3) == LOW)
{
buttonPressed = 3;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button4) == LOW)
{
buttonPressed = 4;
break;
}
}
This while loop waits for us to press any of the four buttons
and once user get out of it and print the message
“Delivering”.
Now depending on the pressed button, user execute once of
the case in the switch statement. In case user pressed the
first button, the carrier start moving up using the custom
made “move UP()” function.
Software Implementation for Item 1
Item 1:
moveUp(3850);
delay(200);
moveLeft(3000);
delay(300);
for(int i=0; i<50; i++)
{
digitalWrite(servo1,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(clockwise);
digitalWrite(servo1,LOW);
delay(18.5);
}
moveRight(3000);
delay(200);
moveDown(3850);
break;
When push button 1 is pressed, stepper motor moveupwith
3.85ms, left with 3ms and servomotor1work andoutput 1is
drop. Then stepper motor move right with 3ms and down
with 3.85ms.If user take a look at this function user see that
it simply sets the stepper motor to move in a particular
direction, and makes the amount of steps that user entered
as argument.
Software Implementation for Item 2
Item 2:
moveUp(3850);
delay(200);
for(int i=0; i<50; i++)
{
digitalWrite(servo2,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(clockwise);
digitalWrite(servo2,LOW);
delay(18.5);
}
moveDown(3850);
break;
When push button 2 is pressed, stepper motor moveupwith
3.85ms and servo motor2 work and output 2 is drop. Then
stepper motor move down with 3.85ms.
Software Implementation for Item 3
Item 3:
moveUp(1900);
delay(200);
moveLeft(3000);
delay(300);
for(int i=0; i<50; i++)
{
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD2
digitalWrite(servo3,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(clockwise);
digitalWrite(servo3,LOW);
delay(18.5);
}
moveRight(3000);
delay(200);
moveDown(1900);
break;
When push button 3 is pressed, stepper motor moveu
1.9ms, left with 3ms and servo motor3 work and output 3 is
drop. Then stepper motor move right with 3ms and down
with 1.9ms.
Software Implementation for Item 4
Item 4:
moveUp(1900);
delay(200);
for(int i=0; i<50; i++)
{
digitalWrite(servo4,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(clockwise);
digitalWrite(servo4,LOW);
delay(18.5);
}
moveDown(1900);
break;
}
When push button 4 is pressed, stepper motor moveupwith
1.9ms and servo motor4 work and output 1 is drop. Then
stepper motor move down with 1.9ms.
B. Implementation by Hardware
In this proposed system, Arduino MEGA board, single coin
acceptor, LCD, four servo motor and four push button are
used. To power the system rectifier circuit is used and step
down DC to DC module is used to reduce the rectifier output
voltage 12 V to 5 V. Arduino Mega mainly is used to run the
program for the vending machine. LCD is used for showing
the information such as insertingcoil and makinga selection.
User choose the product by touching the relat
the servo motor, it is used for the dropping of the product.
Firstly, after supplying the power to Arduino board, it is
started running with the program installed in it. Then, LCD
starts working by showing the information, “Select Your
Items”. In addition, it asks the user to insert the coin for
buying the product. Then, the user must insert appropriate
coin to the coin insert hole. As soon as the user inserts the
coin, LCD monitor asks the question “Insert a coin”.
Customer select required product by pressing ontherelated
push button. Four push button are used to choose four
different types of product. The costs of four different
products are same for this vending machine design.
related servo runs to give the required product if the pu
button is ON. Stepper motor use to deliver the required
product. Then, the chosen product drop out to the bottom of
the machine. Arduino based paper, it is convenience and
easy to build and no many components are needed. This run
automatically as long as it is supplied by the required
amount of power. So, no employee is needed to cash and to
give service to the customer. It use everywhere that the
required power supplied get. Therefore, it put at the public
places like garden, train station and others. S
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
28003 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019
When push button 3 is pressed, stepper motor moveupwith
1.9ms, left with 3ms and servo motor3 work and output 3 is
drop. Then stepper motor move right with 3ms and down
When push button 4 is pressed, stepper motor moveupwith
1.9ms and servo motor4 work and output 1 is drop. Then
In this proposed system, Arduino MEGA board, single coin
acceptor, LCD, four servo motor and four push button are
used. To power the system rectifier circuit is used and step
to reduce the rectifier output
voltage 12 V to 5 V. Arduino Mega mainly is used to run the
LCD is used for showing
the information such as insertingcoil and makinga selection.
User choose the product by touching the related button. For
the servo motor, it is used for the dropping of the product.
Firstly, after supplying the power to Arduino board, it is
started running with the program installed in it. Then, LCD
starts working by showing the information, “Select Your
”. In addition, it asks the user to insert the coin for
buying the product. Then, the user must insert appropriate
coin to the coin insert hole. As soon as the user inserts the
coin, LCD monitor asks the question “Insert a coin”.
roduct by pressing ontherelated
push button. Four push button are used to choose four
different types of product. The costs of four different
products are same for this vending machine design. The
related servo runs to give the required product if the push
button is ON. Stepper motor use to deliver the required
product. Then, the chosen product drop out to the bottom of
the machine. Arduino based paper, it is convenience and
easy to build and no many components are needed. This run
s it is supplied by the required
amount of power. So, no employee is needed to cash and to
use everywhere that the
required power supplied get. Therefore, it put at the public
places like garden, train station and others. So, people buy
easily whenever they needed even when they relaxing. The
main problem of this paper is the detection of the correct
coin.
Fig2: Overall Circuit Diagram of The System
Fig3: Flowchart of The System
IV. Results
Wiring of Arduino Board for the System
For testing the Arduino board, it is connected to the PWM
pins (D6, D9, D10, D11) of the servo motors and the digital
pins (D24, D26, D28, D30) of the push button.
Fig 4: Arduino Board Connected Wires
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
August 2019 Page 2241
easily whenever they needed even when they relaxing. The
main problem of this paper is the detection of the correct
2: Overall Circuit Diagram of The System
3: Flowchart of The System
Board for the System
For testing the Arduino board, it is connected to the PWM
pins (D6, D9, D10, D11) of the servo motors and the digital
pins (D24, D26, D28, D30) of the push button.
Fig 4: Arduino Board Connected Wires
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD2
Wiring of Push Button for the System
For testing the push button, it is connected to thedigital pins
(D24, D26, D28, D30) of the Arduino Mega board.
Fig5: Wiring of Push Button for the System
Wiring of Converter Pin for the System
For testing the servo motors, it is connectedtothePWM pins
(D6, D9, D10, D11) of the Arduino Mega board.
Fig6: Wiring of Converter Pin for the System
Wiring of Power Supply Pin for the System
For testing the power supply 12V, it is connected to the p
of the DC to DC converter.
Fig7: Wiring of Power Supply Pin for the System
Wiring of Coin Acceptor for the System
For testing the coin acceptor, it is connected to the only
digital pin (D31) of the Arduino Mega board. For V
the coin acceptor, it must be connected to the power supply.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
28003 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019
For testing the push button, it is connected to thedigital pins
(D24, D26, D28, D30) of the Arduino Mega board.
5: Wiring of Push Button for the System
For testing the servo motors, it is connectedtothePWM pins
(D6, D9, D10, D11) of the Arduino Mega board.
6: Wiring of Converter Pin for the System
Wiring of Power Supply Pin for the System
For testing the power supply 12V, it is connected to the pins
7: Wiring of Power Supply Pin for the System
For testing the coin acceptor, it is connected to the only
digital pin (D31) of the Arduino Mega board. For Vcc pin of
the coin acceptor, it must be connected to the power supply.
Fig 8: Wiring of Coin Acceptor for the System
Wiring of LCD for the System
For testing the LCD, it is connected to the communication
pins (D20, D21) of the Arduino
status as long as servo is running andservostarts workingto
drop out the user.
Fig 9: Wiring of LCD for the System
Result of the System
Fig 10: One Kyat Coin
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
August 2019 Page 2242
Fig 8: Wiring of Coin Acceptor for the System
Wiring of LCD for the System
For testing the LCD, it is connected to the communication
pins (D20, D21) of the Arduino Mega board. LCD shows this
status as long as servo is running andservostarts workingto
Fig 9: Wiring of LCD for the System
Result of the System
Fig 10: One Kyat Coin
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD2
Fig 11: LCD Showing to Insert Coin
Fig 12: shows user to insert the correspond coin.
paper, one kyat coin is used in coin acceptor.
Fig12: LCD Shows to Make a Selection
After inserting the coin the LCD will showas thefigure.It has
four choices. So user can choose the product by putting on
the appropriate push button.
Fig13: LCD Shows the Servo Working
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
28003 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019
Fig 11: LCD Showing to Insert Coin
sert the correspond coin. For this
paper, one kyat coin is used in coin acceptor.
Fig12: LCD Shows to Make a Selection
After inserting the coin the LCD will showas thefigure.It has
four choices. So user can choose the product by putting on
13: LCD Shows the Servo Working
LCD shows this status as long as servo is running and servo
starts working to drop out the user.
Fig14: Result For Item
V. Conclusion
When the world is running hastilywith advancement,timeis
the undisputedly the most valuable resource of all. It
becomes inevitable to save the time by all possible means.
This automatic vending machine offers variety of product as
well as many different types of paymentoption.Inthe recent
time use of digital is increasing day by day due to their
accuracy and feasibility. Due to time saving feature people
use vending machine in busy area like airport, bank, office,
etc. This system is portable, affordable,consumes less power
and can be made easily available
system whenever and whatever. Start thinking about what
machines with need to purchase and begin to price them,
new and used. This help budgeting so, when the time comes
to start buying machines, user well prepared.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] Hui, Mary (3 January 2018).
homeless just launched in U.K., to debut in U.S. cities.
Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 Mary (2018).
[2] Desai, S. M: Jadhav, P. S.
Automatic ChocolateVending Machine By UsingArduino
UNO, International Journal of Innovative Research in
Computer Science and Technology, ISSN: 2347
Volume 5, Issue 2, (2017).
[3] Anonymous: National Automatic Merchandising
Association. History of Vending and Coffee Services.
Retrieved 27 October 2016.
[4] Jremington, Re: Coin Acceptor with Arduino
(2016).
[5] Kamalanathan P., Irshath Ahmed R., Kalaiselvan P.:
Automatic Paper Vending Machine
Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, (2015).
[6] Jaffe, Eric. Old World, High Tech (World’s First Vending
Machine, scroll down to read. Smithsonian.com. (Dec
2006).
[7] Kerry, S:, Vending Machines:AnAmericanSocialHistory,
McFarland, ISBN 978-0-
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
August 2019 Page 2243
LCD shows this status as long as servo is running and servo
starts working to drop out the user.
14: Result For Item
When the world is running hastilywith advancement,timeis
the undisputedly the most valuable resource of all. It
becomes inevitable to save the time by all possible means.
This automatic vending machine offers variety of product as
well as many different types of paymentoption.Inthe recent
is increasing day by day due to their
accuracy and feasibility. Due to time saving feature people
use vending machine in busy area like airport, bank, office,
etc. This system is portable, affordable,consumes less power
and can be made easily available so that the user use this
system whenever and whatever. Start thinking about what
machines with need to purchase and begin to price them,
help budgeting so, when the time comes
to start buying machines, user well prepared.
ui, Mary (3 January 2018). Vending machine for
homeless just launched in U.K., to debut in U.S. cities.
Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 Mary (2018).
S. Patil: , Giri Neeta Sambhaji:
Automatic ChocolateVending Machine By UsingArduino
, International Journal of Innovative Research in
Computer Science and Technology, ISSN: 2347-5552,
Volume 5, Issue 2, (2017).
Anonymous: National Automatic Merchandising
History of Vending and Coffee Services.
Retrieved 27 October 2016.
Coin Acceptor with Arduino Feb 10,
Kamalanathan P., Irshath Ahmed R., Kalaiselvan P.:
Automatic Paper Vending Machine, International
Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, (2015).
d World, High Tech (World’s First Vending
scroll down to read. Smithsonian.com. (Dec
Vending Machines:AnAmericanSocialHistory,
-7864-8159-0(2002).