the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of co-dependency and relationship satisfaction
among spouse of alcohol abusers. It was hypothesized that there is significant relationship between codependency
ad interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. It was also hypothesized that higher
the denial, self- esteem, control and compliance will predict lower interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of
alcohol abuser. A sample of seventy female spouse acquired through addiction treatment centre’s of lahore
city. The data was collected through purposive sampling technique. Am i co-dependent scale and relationship
satisfaction survey was administered. Correlation and regression analysis was used to find out the relationship
of co-dependency and relationship satisfaction of spouse among alcohol abusers. Results shows that there is
significant relationship between the variables.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Family interventions for substance use diordersJOBIN JOHN
This document discusses the importance of involving families in the treatment of substance abuse. It provides a history of family involvement in alcohol dependence treatment since the 1960s. Characteristics of families with substance abuse issues are described, such as chaos, conflict, and poor communication. Approaches to family therapy for substance abuse like the family disease model, family systems theory, and behavioral family theory are explained. The goals of family intervention and phases of intervention are outlined. Advantages and challenges of family involvement in treatment are also summarized.
Unclean drinking water and its affects, increasing no of divorce in pakIrfan Hussain
Drugs are chemical substances that alter brain functioning to provide pleasurable sensations. People try drugs for various reasons like fitting in, relaxing, escaping problems, or because drugs are easily available. When drug use moves beyond occasional to frequent use, it can become problematic, causing issues like withdrawal symptoms if the drug is unavailable, conflict with friends and family who disapprove of the drug use, mood swings, and legal or financial problems.
Unclean drinking water can spread infectious diseases and negatively impact public health. The poor are most vulnerable to issues from unclean water as they spend large portions of their income obtaining water and have to travel long distances to collect water. Problems from unclean water include water-borne diseases like cholera
The document discusses relationships in early and middle adulthood. It covers the three basic components of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment. It also discusses falling in love, cohabitation, violence in relationships, lifestyles of being single or married, and divorce and remarriage.
Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse and Dependence (Lesso...Jewel Jem
Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse and Dependence
Lesson for Grade 9 (Health) MAPEH
Contents:
> Risk & Protective Factors (meaning)
> Factors composed of influences in Life Domains
- Personal
- Family
- Peer and Friends
- School
- Community
SA 202 Week 1 lecture what are co occurring disordersBealCollegeOnline
A co-occurring disorder, also known as a dual diagnosis or co-morbidity, refers to when an individual experiences both a mental illness and substance abuse issue simultaneously. Either condition can develop first, as those with mental illnesses may self-medicate with drugs or alcohol which exacerbates their symptoms. About a third of those with mental illnesses and over half of those with severe mental illnesses also struggle with substance abuse. In Maine, around one in five adults experiences mental illness in a given year, with the highest rates among young adults, and depression is associated with increased substance abuse and suicide risk.
Risk factors predict increased likelihood of problem behaviors like drug use and delinquency. These include characteristics of environments like schools, communities, families, and peer groups. Protective factors reduce the influence of risk and likelihood of problem behaviors through bonding, beliefs, standards, and individual characteristics. Research on risk and protective factors informs prevention programs, which address elevated risks and increase protections to promote positive youth development.
This document discusses addiction from several perspectives:
- It defines addiction and outlines several common models of understanding addiction, including moral, disease, behavioral, family systems, harm reduction, and 12-step frameworks.
- It reviews common symptoms of addiction like withdrawal and signs of intoxication. Co-occurring disorders are also frequently present.
- Special populations like adolescents, ethnic/racial groups, gender identities, and occupational groups may face unique risks and challenges with addiction.
- Implications for practice include controversies in treatment approaches, cultural competence, identification of risk factors, and dual relationship concerns for those in recovery.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Family interventions for substance use diordersJOBIN JOHN
This document discusses the importance of involving families in the treatment of substance abuse. It provides a history of family involvement in alcohol dependence treatment since the 1960s. Characteristics of families with substance abuse issues are described, such as chaos, conflict, and poor communication. Approaches to family therapy for substance abuse like the family disease model, family systems theory, and behavioral family theory are explained. The goals of family intervention and phases of intervention are outlined. Advantages and challenges of family involvement in treatment are also summarized.
Unclean drinking water and its affects, increasing no of divorce in pakIrfan Hussain
Drugs are chemical substances that alter brain functioning to provide pleasurable sensations. People try drugs for various reasons like fitting in, relaxing, escaping problems, or because drugs are easily available. When drug use moves beyond occasional to frequent use, it can become problematic, causing issues like withdrawal symptoms if the drug is unavailable, conflict with friends and family who disapprove of the drug use, mood swings, and legal or financial problems.
Unclean drinking water can spread infectious diseases and negatively impact public health. The poor are most vulnerable to issues from unclean water as they spend large portions of their income obtaining water and have to travel long distances to collect water. Problems from unclean water include water-borne diseases like cholera
The document discusses relationships in early and middle adulthood. It covers the three basic components of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment. It also discusses falling in love, cohabitation, violence in relationships, lifestyles of being single or married, and divorce and remarriage.
Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse and Dependence (Lesso...Jewel Jem
Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse and Dependence
Lesson for Grade 9 (Health) MAPEH
Contents:
> Risk & Protective Factors (meaning)
> Factors composed of influences in Life Domains
- Personal
- Family
- Peer and Friends
- School
- Community
SA 202 Week 1 lecture what are co occurring disordersBealCollegeOnline
A co-occurring disorder, also known as a dual diagnosis or co-morbidity, refers to when an individual experiences both a mental illness and substance abuse issue simultaneously. Either condition can develop first, as those with mental illnesses may self-medicate with drugs or alcohol which exacerbates their symptoms. About a third of those with mental illnesses and over half of those with severe mental illnesses also struggle with substance abuse. In Maine, around one in five adults experiences mental illness in a given year, with the highest rates among young adults, and depression is associated with increased substance abuse and suicide risk.
Risk factors predict increased likelihood of problem behaviors like drug use and delinquency. These include characteristics of environments like schools, communities, families, and peer groups. Protective factors reduce the influence of risk and likelihood of problem behaviors through bonding, beliefs, standards, and individual characteristics. Research on risk and protective factors informs prevention programs, which address elevated risks and increase protections to promote positive youth development.
This document discusses addiction from several perspectives:
- It defines addiction and outlines several common models of understanding addiction, including moral, disease, behavioral, family systems, harm reduction, and 12-step frameworks.
- It reviews common symptoms of addiction like withdrawal and signs of intoxication. Co-occurring disorders are also frequently present.
- Special populations like adolescents, ethnic/racial groups, gender identities, and occupational groups may face unique risks and challenges with addiction.
- Implications for practice include controversies in treatment approaches, cultural competence, identification of risk factors, and dual relationship concerns for those in recovery.
Women become intoxicated and dependent on some drugs quicker than men and are more apt to suffer from co-occurring mental health disorders. Professionals in the addictions field finally realize that women have special needs in addiction treatment.
The document summarizes motivations for drug use according to a chapter on the topic. It finds that curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, and rebellion are the main motivations for trying drugs initially. However, characteristics of the drugs themselves and societal/family influences determine whether a person continues drug use. A variety of theories on drug addiction are also summarized, including biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry as well as social and psychological elements.
Substance abuse, especially of alcohol and drugs, is a significant and growing problem in South Africa. Drug use rates are double the world average, and drug abuse contributes to 60% of crimes. Teenage substance abuse is also high, with half of schoolchildren experimenting with drugs as early as age 12. Preventing and addressing substance abuse requires efforts at the individual, family, school, and community levels through education, building life skills, enforcing rules, providing treatment, and promoting pro-social activities to support youth.
1. Drug use has negative social and economic consequences including deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, criminal behavior, and costs of treatment.
2. Surveys and reports provide information on the extent of drug use in the U.S. and trends over time, but may be missing some data.
3. Drug use is associated with negative outcomes including family instability, lower education and employment prospects, and increased crime. However, correlation does not imply causation.
4. There are ongoing debates around issues like drug policy, regulation, testing, and treatment. Overall the document discusses the complex social issues related to drug use.
The document discusses substance abuse among youth. It explores reasons for youth addiction such as peer pressure, home environment, and genetics. Media and celebrity influence are also examined. Specific substances abused by youth like alcohol, nicotine, and opioids are covered. Prevention and treatment of youth addiction through education, parental involvement, and rehabilitation are recommended.
This document provides an overview of domestic violence in later life. It begins by outlining the objectives and definitions. It then discusses the distinction between intentional and unintentional abuse, focusing on intentional abuse. It describes the dynamics of elder abuse, including how family relationships and isolation can play a role. It outlines the most common types of abuse older adults face, including physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, and financial abuse. Finally, it discusses the consequences of elder abuse and who is most at risk and affected.
This document discusses the causes and effects of drug abuse. Some common causes of drug abuse include curiosity, peer pressure, lack of understanding, boredom, disappointment, being victimized by drug dealers, seeking temporary courage from drugs, and overuse of easily available drugs. The health effects of drug abuse include overdosing, acquiring diseases like HIV, extreme addiction, anxiety, paranoia, depression, and withdrawal symptoms. Drug abuse can also lead to poor social functioning through financial difficulties, unemployment, violent behavior, loss of trust from friends and family, legal problems, disturbed personal relationships, sex problems, unwanted separation, child abuse, and domestic violence. Behavioral signs of drug abuse include changes in mood, appearance, interests, and
The document discusses several risk factors for alcoholism and drug addiction. Some key risk factors include starting alcohol or drug use during adolescence, having a family history of substance abuse or experiencing abuse as a child, and having certain psychiatric or behavioral disorders. Adolescents who begin drinking or using drugs are much more likely to develop an addiction compared to those who begin later. Those with a family history of substance abuse or a personal history of abuse or neglect are also at higher risk. Certain psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and ADHD can increase one's risk as well. Race and gender can also influence risk levels, though biological and cultural factors affecting risk among groups are not fully understood.
Alcoholism is a complex illness that develops over time as a disorder. It is influenced by social and psychological factors and has been a social issue for many societies throughout history. The consumption of alcohol by minors can negatively impact their mental development and ability to transition successfully into adulthood due to physiological changes happening in the adolescent brain. Patterns of alcohol consumption among youth are influenced by friends, family, media and cultural norms. Excessive and prolonged alcohol use can lead to alcoholism, which is characterized by symptoms like concern over alcohol availability and prioritizing drinking over other activities.
The document discusses addictive personalities and the reasons why some people may be more susceptible to addiction. It defines addiction and notes that addictive personality disorder makes one more likely to engage in addictive behaviors like substance abuse or gambling. Factors that can contribute to an addictive personality include impulsivity, stress, childhood trauma, genetics, mental illness, and early exposure to drugs. However, the decision to become addicted is ultimately personal choice, even if certain traits or experiences increase vulnerability.
This document discusses alcohol dependence and addiction. It begins by noting that alcohol addiction among youth is increasing. It then outlines the stages of addiction from initiation to dependence. It describes the tremendous negative impacts of alcohol dependence on physical and mental health as well as relationships and finances. It discusses preventive measures that can be taken at home, school, work and through legislation to curb alcohol abuse and addiction. The conclusion emphasizes that reducing alcohol harm requires tailored policies and monitoring systems in different societies.
The document discusses drug abuse, noting that while drugs themselves are not inherently bad, abuse can lead to negative physical, intellectual, psychological, and emotional effects. It defines drug abuse as continuous drug use resulting in impaired life. Common reasons for drug abuse include economic factors, with some using or selling drugs to escape poverty, as well as family problems and not knowing how to cope, leading some to use drugs to forget their issues. Peer pressure and curiosity, especially among teenagers, can also contribute to drug abuse, as curious individuals may get hooked on drugs. The document emphasizes that St. Scholastica's College aims to be a drug-free institution that glorifies God.
DRUG ADDICTION AMONGST YOUTH IN LOCKDOWNRomitBishayi
The document discusses drug addiction among youth during lockdown and how the government plans to tackle the issue. It notes that lockdown caused relapses in drug addicts as 12-step programs stopped meeting. Many addicts sought help from de-addiction centers during lockdown due to withdrawal symptoms. The government aims to reduce drug use, increase recovery rates, restrict supply, build recovery support, and take global action against drugs. Prevention strategies include communication, listening, parenting by example, and strengthening family bonds.
Alcoholism is defined as excessive and repetitive drinking of alcohol that harms the drinker or others physically, mentally, socially, legally, or economically. It is considered a disease by most clinicians. Risk factors include family history, peer pressure, low self-esteem, and easy availability of alcohol. Alcoholism can cause health issues like liver disease and heart problems. It also impacts families by increasing intimate partner violence, child abuse/neglect, and risk of the children later developing alcohol use disorders. During lockdowns, initially alcoholism cases decreased due to lack of availability but then increased as unemployment rose and liquor became gradually available again, triggering withdrawal symptoms and related issues.
The document discusses the negative physical, psychological, and economic effects of alcoholism. Physically, alcoholism can cause various cancers, liver damage, and other health issues. Psychologically, it increases anxiety and depression and can lead to family and legal problems. Economically, alcoholism costs billions of dollars in treatment and lost productivity. The effects of alcoholism on individuals range from minor to severe, including health problems, job loss, broken relationships, and even death in some cases. Treatment for alcoholism includes detoxification, counseling, family therapy, medication, and ongoing support.
This document discusses addiction, including definitions and issues. It describes addiction as maintaining a relationship with something despite known negative consequences. Key issues discussed are health impacts on individuals and families. A 12-step program is presented as one strategy for wellness. Counselors face challenges in treating addiction, but also have strengths, and self-care is important to prevent burnout.
This document summarizes substance abuse prevention. It discusses substance use on a continuum from social to dependent use. Prevention aims to foster healthy behaviors and prevent issues. Risk factors for substance abuse include genetics, mental health issues, and social influences; protective factors enhance resilience. The document provides an overview of prevention goals and strategies at various levels, from individual to community. Resources for prevention programs are also listed.
The document defines alcoholism as a chronic, progressive disease where a person has lost control over their drinking to the point where it is interfering with important areas of their life like family, friends, work, school, or health. Alcoholism is described as a disease because it has predictable stages of progression, is considered permanent once control over drinking is lost, and is treatable through abstinence and long-term support. While physical addiction occurs in a small percentage of alcoholics, the definition is based on the consequences of drinking rather than physical addiction.
A project report on consumer perception towards GSRTC (st gujarat)Sunny Gandhi
gsrtc, st gujarat-consumer perception and attitude (behavior) towards GSRTC of people of sachin area-analysis on various aspects like bus station depots conductors drivers location water sitting arrangement punctuality timing online booking etc....
A project report on measuring customer satisfaction level and sales promotion...Projects Kart
This document is a summer training project report on measuring customer satisfaction levels and sales promotion at Yamaha in Lakhimpur and Unnao, India. It provides an industry profile of the two-wheeler automobile sector in India, including market share statistics and production trends over recent years. It also includes a competitors analysis and SWOT analyses of the two-wheeler industry and Yamaha India. The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree and covers topics such as customer surveys, hypotheses testing, and recent/future Yamaha launches.
A study on customer preferebce and satisfaction towards bajaj bikesAjay Savaliya
This document summarizes a study on customer preference and satisfaction towards Bajaj bikes. The study found that customers primarily prefer Bajaj bikes for their price, mileage, maintenance cost and engine capacity. While most customers were satisfied with attributes like price and engine capacity, many were dissatisfied with the resale value and after sales services provided by Bajaj. The study also found associations between some customer demographics and attributes like mileage, look and style. Common problems reported included battery issues.
Women become intoxicated and dependent on some drugs quicker than men and are more apt to suffer from co-occurring mental health disorders. Professionals in the addictions field finally realize that women have special needs in addiction treatment.
The document summarizes motivations for drug use according to a chapter on the topic. It finds that curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, and rebellion are the main motivations for trying drugs initially. However, characteristics of the drugs themselves and societal/family influences determine whether a person continues drug use. A variety of theories on drug addiction are also summarized, including biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry as well as social and psychological elements.
Substance abuse, especially of alcohol and drugs, is a significant and growing problem in South Africa. Drug use rates are double the world average, and drug abuse contributes to 60% of crimes. Teenage substance abuse is also high, with half of schoolchildren experimenting with drugs as early as age 12. Preventing and addressing substance abuse requires efforts at the individual, family, school, and community levels through education, building life skills, enforcing rules, providing treatment, and promoting pro-social activities to support youth.
1. Drug use has negative social and economic consequences including deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, criminal behavior, and costs of treatment.
2. Surveys and reports provide information on the extent of drug use in the U.S. and trends over time, but may be missing some data.
3. Drug use is associated with negative outcomes including family instability, lower education and employment prospects, and increased crime. However, correlation does not imply causation.
4. There are ongoing debates around issues like drug policy, regulation, testing, and treatment. Overall the document discusses the complex social issues related to drug use.
The document discusses substance abuse among youth. It explores reasons for youth addiction such as peer pressure, home environment, and genetics. Media and celebrity influence are also examined. Specific substances abused by youth like alcohol, nicotine, and opioids are covered. Prevention and treatment of youth addiction through education, parental involvement, and rehabilitation are recommended.
This document provides an overview of domestic violence in later life. It begins by outlining the objectives and definitions. It then discusses the distinction between intentional and unintentional abuse, focusing on intentional abuse. It describes the dynamics of elder abuse, including how family relationships and isolation can play a role. It outlines the most common types of abuse older adults face, including physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, and financial abuse. Finally, it discusses the consequences of elder abuse and who is most at risk and affected.
This document discusses the causes and effects of drug abuse. Some common causes of drug abuse include curiosity, peer pressure, lack of understanding, boredom, disappointment, being victimized by drug dealers, seeking temporary courage from drugs, and overuse of easily available drugs. The health effects of drug abuse include overdosing, acquiring diseases like HIV, extreme addiction, anxiety, paranoia, depression, and withdrawal symptoms. Drug abuse can also lead to poor social functioning through financial difficulties, unemployment, violent behavior, loss of trust from friends and family, legal problems, disturbed personal relationships, sex problems, unwanted separation, child abuse, and domestic violence. Behavioral signs of drug abuse include changes in mood, appearance, interests, and
The document discusses several risk factors for alcoholism and drug addiction. Some key risk factors include starting alcohol or drug use during adolescence, having a family history of substance abuse or experiencing abuse as a child, and having certain psychiatric or behavioral disorders. Adolescents who begin drinking or using drugs are much more likely to develop an addiction compared to those who begin later. Those with a family history of substance abuse or a personal history of abuse or neglect are also at higher risk. Certain psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and ADHD can increase one's risk as well. Race and gender can also influence risk levels, though biological and cultural factors affecting risk among groups are not fully understood.
Alcoholism is a complex illness that develops over time as a disorder. It is influenced by social and psychological factors and has been a social issue for many societies throughout history. The consumption of alcohol by minors can negatively impact their mental development and ability to transition successfully into adulthood due to physiological changes happening in the adolescent brain. Patterns of alcohol consumption among youth are influenced by friends, family, media and cultural norms. Excessive and prolonged alcohol use can lead to alcoholism, which is characterized by symptoms like concern over alcohol availability and prioritizing drinking over other activities.
The document discusses addictive personalities and the reasons why some people may be more susceptible to addiction. It defines addiction and notes that addictive personality disorder makes one more likely to engage in addictive behaviors like substance abuse or gambling. Factors that can contribute to an addictive personality include impulsivity, stress, childhood trauma, genetics, mental illness, and early exposure to drugs. However, the decision to become addicted is ultimately personal choice, even if certain traits or experiences increase vulnerability.
This document discusses alcohol dependence and addiction. It begins by noting that alcohol addiction among youth is increasing. It then outlines the stages of addiction from initiation to dependence. It describes the tremendous negative impacts of alcohol dependence on physical and mental health as well as relationships and finances. It discusses preventive measures that can be taken at home, school, work and through legislation to curb alcohol abuse and addiction. The conclusion emphasizes that reducing alcohol harm requires tailored policies and monitoring systems in different societies.
The document discusses drug abuse, noting that while drugs themselves are not inherently bad, abuse can lead to negative physical, intellectual, psychological, and emotional effects. It defines drug abuse as continuous drug use resulting in impaired life. Common reasons for drug abuse include economic factors, with some using or selling drugs to escape poverty, as well as family problems and not knowing how to cope, leading some to use drugs to forget their issues. Peer pressure and curiosity, especially among teenagers, can also contribute to drug abuse, as curious individuals may get hooked on drugs. The document emphasizes that St. Scholastica's College aims to be a drug-free institution that glorifies God.
DRUG ADDICTION AMONGST YOUTH IN LOCKDOWNRomitBishayi
The document discusses drug addiction among youth during lockdown and how the government plans to tackle the issue. It notes that lockdown caused relapses in drug addicts as 12-step programs stopped meeting. Many addicts sought help from de-addiction centers during lockdown due to withdrawal symptoms. The government aims to reduce drug use, increase recovery rates, restrict supply, build recovery support, and take global action against drugs. Prevention strategies include communication, listening, parenting by example, and strengthening family bonds.
Alcoholism is defined as excessive and repetitive drinking of alcohol that harms the drinker or others physically, mentally, socially, legally, or economically. It is considered a disease by most clinicians. Risk factors include family history, peer pressure, low self-esteem, and easy availability of alcohol. Alcoholism can cause health issues like liver disease and heart problems. It also impacts families by increasing intimate partner violence, child abuse/neglect, and risk of the children later developing alcohol use disorders. During lockdowns, initially alcoholism cases decreased due to lack of availability but then increased as unemployment rose and liquor became gradually available again, triggering withdrawal symptoms and related issues.
The document discusses the negative physical, psychological, and economic effects of alcoholism. Physically, alcoholism can cause various cancers, liver damage, and other health issues. Psychologically, it increases anxiety and depression and can lead to family and legal problems. Economically, alcoholism costs billions of dollars in treatment and lost productivity. The effects of alcoholism on individuals range from minor to severe, including health problems, job loss, broken relationships, and even death in some cases. Treatment for alcoholism includes detoxification, counseling, family therapy, medication, and ongoing support.
This document discusses addiction, including definitions and issues. It describes addiction as maintaining a relationship with something despite known negative consequences. Key issues discussed are health impacts on individuals and families. A 12-step program is presented as one strategy for wellness. Counselors face challenges in treating addiction, but also have strengths, and self-care is important to prevent burnout.
This document summarizes substance abuse prevention. It discusses substance use on a continuum from social to dependent use. Prevention aims to foster healthy behaviors and prevent issues. Risk factors for substance abuse include genetics, mental health issues, and social influences; protective factors enhance resilience. The document provides an overview of prevention goals and strategies at various levels, from individual to community. Resources for prevention programs are also listed.
The document defines alcoholism as a chronic, progressive disease where a person has lost control over their drinking to the point where it is interfering with important areas of their life like family, friends, work, school, or health. Alcoholism is described as a disease because it has predictable stages of progression, is considered permanent once control over drinking is lost, and is treatable through abstinence and long-term support. While physical addiction occurs in a small percentage of alcoholics, the definition is based on the consequences of drinking rather than physical addiction.
A project report on consumer perception towards GSRTC (st gujarat)Sunny Gandhi
gsrtc, st gujarat-consumer perception and attitude (behavior) towards GSRTC of people of sachin area-analysis on various aspects like bus station depots conductors drivers location water sitting arrangement punctuality timing online booking etc....
A project report on measuring customer satisfaction level and sales promotion...Projects Kart
This document is a summer training project report on measuring customer satisfaction levels and sales promotion at Yamaha in Lakhimpur and Unnao, India. It provides an industry profile of the two-wheeler automobile sector in India, including market share statistics and production trends over recent years. It also includes a competitors analysis and SWOT analyses of the two-wheeler industry and Yamaha India. The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree and covers topics such as customer surveys, hypotheses testing, and recent/future Yamaha launches.
A study on customer preferebce and satisfaction towards bajaj bikesAjay Savaliya
This document summarizes a study on customer preference and satisfaction towards Bajaj bikes. The study found that customers primarily prefer Bajaj bikes for their price, mileage, maintenance cost and engine capacity. While most customers were satisfied with attributes like price and engine capacity, many were dissatisfied with the resale value and after sales services provided by Bajaj. The study also found associations between some customer demographics and attributes like mileage, look and style. Common problems reported included battery issues.
The document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It discusses a study on consumer buying behavior and satisfaction levels for two-wheelers with reference to Bajaj Auto. The report includes an introduction outlining the objectives and methodology of the study. It also provides background information on Bajaj Auto, including its profile, achievements, and product portfolio. The report will analyze collected data and make recommendations to help Bajaj Auto understand customer preferences and satisfaction.
The document discusses risk management in construction projects. It outlines that risks can significantly impact cost, time, quality and success. It describes various risk management models and processes including risk identification, assessment, response, and monitoring. Effective risk management requires a systematic process and participation across the supply chain. Key factors that influence construction project risks are also examined.
The document discusses Mumbai Suburban Railways, which carries over 6.6 million passengers daily and has one of the highest passenger densities of any urban rail system. It notes strengths like being a large employer but also weaknesses like delays, overcrowding, and lack of infrastructure upgrades. It analyzes demand and capacity constraints and surveys problems reported by passengers and employees. Suggestions are made to increase frequency and capacity of trains to better meet passenger needs.
Impact of Family Support Group on Co-Dependent BehaviourIOSR Journals
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of family support group on co-dependent
behaviour of spouse of drug addicts. It was hypothesized there would be significant difference between new and
old members of family support group on co-dependent behaviour. It was also hypothesized that new members
will score higher on denial, self- esteem, control and compliance as compare to old members. A sample (N=60)
female spouse acquired through addiction treatment Centre’s of Lahore city. The data was collected through
purposive sampling technique. Am I Co-dependent Scale was administered to measure co-dependant behaviour.
Independent sample t- test was used to find out the difference of co-dependent behaviour. Results shows that
there is significant difference between new members and old family support members on variables. Findings can
be implemented to enhance the benefits of self-help groups or group therapies supported by drug treatment
centres to family members
This document discusses personal relationships and provides guidance on building healthy relationships. It defines personal relationships as close connections between people formed through emotional bonds and interactions. There are three types of personal relationships discussed: romantic, family, and social. The document outlines several benefits of strong personal relationships, such as living longer and being healthier, as well as risks of loneliness like higher rates of depression. Twenty-five common relationship problems are also listed, including infidelity, lack of communication, and domestic violence. Finally, ten tips are provided for nurturing relationships, such as loving yourself, choosing to partner, and renewing the relationship over time.
Infidelity Counselling is considered “talk therapy,” which means that both partners are allowed to share concerns in a safe and productive environment. More specifically, in the presence of a trained counselor.
The document discusses substance abuse and child maltreatment from the perspective of Child Protective Services. It recognizes that addiction affects the entire family and that most parents struggling with substance abuse still want the best for their children. It also discusses that risks to children can often be managed through intensive services while preserving the family unit. The document provides an overview of addiction, noting that it is progressive and systemic, anyone can become addicted, denial and relapse are common, and polysubstance abuse can pose unique risks. It emphasizes looking beyond stereotypes to understand addiction's complex nature and impacts.
Welcome to our guide on how to fix a toxic relationship, where we explore practical advice and valuable insights to help navigate the challenging path towards healing and rebuilding.
In a world where relationships can sometimes turn toxic through various circumstances, it is crucial to understand the signs, causes, and most importantly, the steps necessary to mend and transform these relationships into healthy, harmonious ones.
Join us as we delve into effective strategies, communication techniques, and the importance of self-care, aiming to empower you on your journey towards repairing and nurturing a toxic-free connection.
Models or categories of addictionThe moral modelThis is based .docxannandleola
The document discusses several models of addiction, including the moral model, psychological model, cognitive model, learning model, psychodynamic model, personality model, family model, and cultural model. It then discusses codependency and provides summaries of two articles on codependency. The document examines different perspectives on codependency and whether it represents "blaming the victim" or can be a pathway to recovery for those affected by a loved one's addiction.
There are four main reasons why people become addicts: genetic predisposition, dealing with mental illness, submitting to peer pressure, and experiencing childhood trauma. Those with a family history of addiction are more likely to struggle with addiction themselves. Many addicts also suffer from mental health disorders that motivate substance abuse for relief. Both teens and adults can fall prey to peer pressure that leads to addiction. Repeated childhood abuse can shape brain chemistry and increase vulnerability to lifelong addiction. Seeking help from addiction counselors or programs can help break the cycle of addiction within families.
The document discusses personal relationships and identifies several important aspects. It defines personal relationships as close connections between people formed through emotional bonds and mutual experiences. It also identifies three types of personal relationships: romantic relationships, family relationships, and social relationships. Additionally, the document lists the top 25 most common relationship problems, including infidelity, sexual issues, lack of communication, stress, and domestic violence.
This document discusses personal relationships and provides definitions and information about different types of relationships. It defines relationships, love, commitment, attraction, and responsibility. It then provides true/false statements about relationships and lists the most common relationship problems. Finally, it discusses why relationships are important for health, lists tips for nurturing relationships, and provides 10 rules for finding love and creating lasting relationships.
The document discusses addiction as both a psychological and physiological disorder caused by triggers and circumstances that initiate addictive behaviors which are further reinforced by physiological dependence. Treatment addresses both the psychological and biological aspects through programs like Alcoholics Anonymous and emphasizes the role of spirituality. Careful examination of the original spiritual vision and intent of AA is important and points to a different understanding of addiction.
Drug addiction, a social problem of pakistanQuratNaeem
This document discusses drug addiction in Pakistan. It begins by explaining that people with low self-esteem are more likely to become addicted to drugs. It then defines drugs, addiction, and the different types of drug addiction. The document outlines several causes of drug addiction, including exposure to drugs through peers, genetics, psychological problems, and stress. It describes the symptoms and effects of drug addiction on physical and mental health. Finally, it discusses some remedial measures for drug addiction, including treatment programs, counseling, lowering stress, and getting support from family and friends.
The document discusses factors that can affect addictive behaviour, including personality, stress, peers, and age. Regarding personality, it explores research linking traits like low self-esteem and impulsivity to increased vulnerability to addiction. Stress is also examined, with findings that both everyday stress and traumatic stress can increase risk by leading people to use substances to cope. The influence of peers is covered, with theories that peers encourage addiction through social norms and modeling behaviours. Finally, it notes that adolescence is a high risk period for developing addictions due to brain development and heightened peer influences.
Living beyond the downside of sex and sexual expressionMrsunny4
Sex and sexuality have become more prevalent throughout our global community. Obtaining sexually related products, images, and information have become readily available for anyone, of any age, to obtain with an internet access. Undoubtedly the consequence of such materials being readily available has had a positive and negative effect upon our society.
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Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
1. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. II (Jan. 2015), PP 86-91
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 86 | Page
Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of
Alcohol Abusers
Uzma Zaidi1
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Health, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nora Bint
AbdulRahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Abstract: the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of co-dependency and relationship satisfaction
among spouse of alcohol abusers. It was hypothesized that there is significant relationship between co-
dependency ad interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. It was also hypothesized that higher
the denial, self- esteem, control and compliance will predict lower interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of
alcohol abuser. A sample of seventy female spouse acquired through addiction treatment centre’s of lahore
city. The data was collected through purposive sampling technique. Am i co-dependent scale and relationship
satisfaction survey was administered. Correlation and regression analysis was used to find out the relationship
of co-dependency and relationship satisfaction of spouse among alcohol abusers. Results shows that there is
significant relationship between the variables.
Keywords: Co-dependency, relationship satisfaction, spouses of alcohol abusers, interpersonal satisfaction
I. Introduction
There are many casual factors and negative impacts related to alcohol abuse. One of the most studied
patterns related to alcohol abuse is known as codependency. This was originally used to refer to the
psychological, emotional, and behavioral difficulties exhibited by the spouses, and then the children, of
alcoholics who unintentionally enabled continuation of the drinking problem. It replaced the less general terms
co-alcoholic, para-alcoholic and enabler.[1]
Codependent person is one who has let another person’s behavior affect him or her, and is obsessed or
possessed with controlling that person’s behavior.[2,3]
Finally this dependence on another person affects the
codependent bodily, psychologically and socially. Spann and Fischer, operationally described codependency as
a pattern of relating to others characterized by great belief in personal helplessness and the powerfulness of
others, a lack of easy expression of thoughts, and excessive attempts to get a sense of purpose through engaging
in personally upsetting and care taking relationships which involve high levels of denial, inflexibility, and
attempts to direct the relationship.[4]
Codependency describes as a kind of addiction.[5]
A person is said to be
affliction from codependency when they show caring for a loved one who is engage with addiction of drugs or
alcohol. The actions of the caring individual is said to hold back recovery of the real addict by enabling the
addict to carry on the addiction. Further they stated that codependency gives the impression as if all caring for
addicts is pathological.
There are many studies that found the relationship of codependent individuals and their involvement in
challenging relationship.[6]
Spouse of alcohol abuser adopt the behavioral and emotional imbalance of their
partner such as remain loyal to the care and support of their spouse in the face of harsh social and emotional
difficulties. Spouse of alcohol abuser have to face many problems. According to Kanjanapipatkul, in a
relationship where one individual has an addict spouse, he or she has to face problems such as financial
problems, tension about her husband health, fear about future and risk of violent behavior and embarrassment.[3]
All these problems create physical, emotional and mental illness.
There are some common patterns of codependent which are found in many studies.[3]
Many factor are
included in codependency i.e. denial, self- esteem, compliance and control. These factors are shared by
substance abuser and their partner. First Factor include in codependency is denial refers to the course by which
people with addictions act as if (to themselves and/or to other people) that they do not have an addiction, when
in reality they do.[7]
Denial may happen intentionally or unconsciously. Similar to the substance abuser his
partner shares the factors of denial. The codependent has many painful thoughts and feelings that must be
predisposed. Denial may be relied on to avoid the experience of irritation held for parents and others and hatred
for one’s self. The codependent wishes to avoid self- acknowledgement that controlling behavior is self-
defeating and promote low self- esteem.[8]
The example of denial can be seen in a dysfunctional family in which
members’ experience of fear, anger, pain, or embarrassment but tried to ignored or deny.[3]
Another factor of codependency that is self- esteem.[2]
As codependents, spouse is likely to enter into
thoroughly violent relationship with themselves. Alcoholism destroys the self- worth; create low self- esteem
2. Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 87 | Page
and self- hearted in alcoholics as well as his spouse. Kanjanapipatkul, also explained that the spouse loss her
sense of awareness, attendance of mind, the ability to plan and more over spouse may have difficulty in making
conclusion.[3]
Beside these factors of denial and self-esteem there are some other factors that contributes in
codependency i.e. compliance and control. Families of addicts do not admit that problems exist. Family
members learn to deviate from their own needs and they learn to keep inside their own emotions. They comply
the demand instead their own need and they suppressed their own wishes.[3]
Another factor of codependency is
controlling. The addict depends upon drug and is anxious with it. The family member without taking the drug is
equally anxious with addict’s behavior.[3]
The consequences of alcoholism in the marital adjustment appeared in devastating effects. Including
the alcoholic themselves, the spouse, their children and whole family members may effect.[9]
The non-alcoholic
wife may have low self- esteem and a negative self- picture caused by verbal or physical violence, social
withdrawal, sadness and problems at work simply due to the alcoholic partner's unbalanced behavior. Family
member including alcoholic suffer from mental and anxiety related illnesses that develop the feelings of
anxiousness, depression, confusion and completely annoyed. [10]
Stanely, studied that higher levels of
interpersonal conflict and violence have been also recognized in couples with an alcoholic spouse when
compared to marital relationships which were not problematical by alcohol.[11]
There are many researches mainly focused on understanding the marital dynamics involved in
alcoholism and its damaging impact on spouse. Characteristics such as neuroticism, higher apprehension levels,
depression, low self-esteem and communication anxiety have been reported in wives of alcoholics and
recognized to the influential anxiety and trauma practiced by spouse. [12, 13, 14]
Codependency has negative effects on interpersonal satisfaction. Different elements of interpersonal
satisfaction are stress, problem in communication, problem in conflict resolution, problem in relational intimacy,
emotional reactivity and boundaries. Alcoholism can develop most important life-threatening, psychological,
and emotional problems which often lead to both parties feeling anxious, depressed, puzzled and annoyed. This
can lead to stress and other negative feelings within the relationship. Consequently, the non-alcoholic spouse
may experience guilt, embarrassment, and helplessness and may in fact initiate drinking themselves or engage in
other types of self-defeating behavior as a way of coping with the stress. Communication gap among spouse
may create loss of emotional and sexual closeness, lack of satisfaction and depth, more disagreement and a less
fulfilling relationship.[9]
Orford and Harwin, revealed that women undergoing experience of stress as a consequence of living
with an alcoholic spouse will result in manifestation of neurotic traits and psychological disturbance.[15]
Lebow,
investigated that the causal connections between substance use and marital discord are complex.[16]
Stressful
marital interactions are related to increased problematic substance use. Poor communication, financial stressor
are common antecedents to alcohol abuse. Negative effect of alcohol use on the family, such as psychological
distress of spouse and social behavior, academic and emotional problems among children increase stress in the
family system and may therefore lead to or exacerbate substance use.
Emotional problem also interlink with interpersonal satisfaction. According to Potter, the codependent
like an addict may develop high tolerance to others, in appropriate, sometimes insulting and aggressive
behavior.[17]
There are also codependents that resist, sometimes even rejected, the development of close
relationship, out of their fear of rejection. They remain single or distant, displaying the outworking of this fear
of rejection and neglecting on their relationship with friends, neighbors and in their job performance. An
irregular growing in drinking is often a result to a problem within the family.[18]
For the family the main task is
to cool off high amount of reactivity to the alcoholic person and to increase emotional coldness in the family.
Coleman and Straus, showed that whether consciously or unconsciously, people use alcohol as a
means of engaging in behavior which would be intolerable to themselves and society if they were sober.[19]
The
study also found that alcohol abuse is associated with violence in the husband-wife relationship more often than
in the parent-child relationship. According to role incompatibly theory, socially unexpected behavior such as
illicit drug use are not compatible with traditional adults, social role such as marriage and parenthood.[20]
Therefore these individuals may be more likely to experience difficulty within a variety of aspects of their lives.
II. Objectives
Spouse of alcohol abuser has psychological, behavioural and emotional problems as alcoholic person.
Due to these problems the spouse of alcohol abuser experience denial, low self- esteem, compliance and control.
Subsequently all these factors badly impact their interpersonal relationship. Spouse of alcohol abuser has high
level of stress, problem in communication, problem in conflict resolution, problem in relational intimacy and
emotion reactivity that create dissatisfaction in their marital relationship. The ratio of alcohol abuser is
increasing and alarming in Pakistan.[21]
The alcohol abuser affects the spouse emotional, behavioural and
psychological health and creates dissatisfaction in their marital relationship.[22]
There are fewer researches in
3. Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 88 | Page
Pakistan particularly on alcohol abuser’s spouse that’s way the present research was conducted to investigate the
relationship of co-dependency and interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. That is why
psycho-education or self- help groups for co-dependent spouse are equally essential. The findings of this
research will be helpful for psychologists, psychiatrists, professional related to drug addiction, researches and
students of psychology. It will open new ways for treatment providers to addresses the spouse of alcohol abuser
through family and marital counselling and to provide psycho-education. It will also facilitate further research
on channel of information related to co-dependency and marital dissatisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser.
III. Hypotheses
After reviewing literature, the following hypotheses are formulated:
1. There would be a significant relationship between codependency and interpersonal satisfaction among
spouse of alcohol abuser.
2. Higher the denial and (low) self- esteem lower will be interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of
alcohol abuser.
3. Higher the compliance and control lower will be interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol
abuser.
IV. Methodology
4.1 Participants
Correlational research design was used. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of
codependency and Interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. The sample consisted of female
spouse of alcohol abuse (N=70). The sample was taken from different treatment centers of Lahore city through
purposive sampling technique. Age range of participant was from 18-50 years and their minimal education level
was primary because the questionnaire was translated into Urdu and the spouse whose education was less than
primary cannot understand it. They belonged to middle socio economic status. Only those spouses were
included whose partner was alcoholic. Beside the alcoholic’s spouse, any other type of drug abuser’s spouse was
excluded. Spouse of alcohol abuser whose age was less than 18 and education was less than primary was
excluded. Table (1) indicates that most of the spouse of alcohol abuser age range was 26-30 years. Data show
that majority of the participants had done Intermediate (42.9%). Majority (68.6%) were living in nuclear family
structure. Demographics also indicate that in majority of the cases alcoholic abuser was considered as head of
the family(72.9%) and was having employment (74.3%). The socio demographic characteristics of the spouse of
alcohol abuser such as age, education, family structure, head of the family and husband’s employment status
are shown in table 1.
Table 1: Descriptive statistics of variables (N= 70)
Characteristics I. Frequency II. Percentage
(1) Age
18-25 years 13 18.6%
26-30 years 19 27.1%
31-35 years 17 24.3%
36-40 years 9 12.9%
41-45 years 6 8.6%
46-50 years 6 8.6%
(2) Education
Middle 5 7.1%
Matriculation 14 20.0%
Intermediate 30 42.9%
Graduation 14 20.0%
Master 7 10.0%
(3) Family structure
Nuclear 48 68.6%
Joint 22 31.4%
(4) Head of the family
Spouse 51 72.9%
Others 19 27.1%
(5) Husband’s employment status
Job 52 74.3%
Jobless 18 25.7%
4.2 Measures
Demographic data sheet, Am I a Codependent scale and Relationship satisfaction survey was used.
4. Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 89 | Page
4.2.1 Socio demographic information form
A socio demographic data sheet was used to gather the personal information about participants
including their Age, Education and Employment of the husband, Monthly income, Family structure and head of
the family. It was also used to screen out the sample characteristic according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria
of research.
4.2.2 Am I a Codependent scale
Am I a Codependent scale was used in this research.[2]
It has 23 items and has 4 subscale namely
denial (4 items), self- esteem (6 items), compliance (6 items), and control (7 items). Scale has three response
categories, yes, no and sometimes, respectively. Three or more response in yes, suggests co-dependency.
Standard procedure of translation and back translation was adapted. Before achieving the main objectives of the
study, reliability of the scales were calculated to check the homogeneity of the scale in Pakistani cultures. After
translating the test into Urdu, reliability of the scale was calculated using chronbach alpha (that was 0.80). The
Coefficient for scale is in the acceptance range, and this shows that the scale being employed in this study is
reliable instrument for measurement of the constructs of interest.
4.2.3 Relationship satisfaction survey
Relationship satisfaction survey was used in this research.[23]
It has 30 items and 6 subscales i.e. stress,
communication, conflict resolution, relational intimacy, emotional reactivity and boundaries. Each sub scale is
having 5 items. Scoring procedure of this test is to sum up the yes answer for each of six relationship categories.
Two or more yes in a category suggests that there is dissatisfaction in that area. The questionnaire was
administered after translating in Urdu form. Standard procedure of back translation was followed. Before
achieving the main objectives of the study reliabilities of the scales was calculated to check the homogeneity of
relationship satisfaction scale in Pakistani cultures. The Coefficients for this scales relationship satisfaction
survey .77 are near to the acceptance range.
4.3 Procedure
Permission from was sought from the authority of Addiction Treatment centres of Lahore. The consent
form was given to the family support group members and the nature of the study was explained to the
participants before administration of the questionnaires. Participants were ensured that the information acquired
from them will be held confidential and was not be used for any other purpose other than this research.
Participants were provided necessary directions about assessment in order to reduce their anxious feelings.
Socio demographic form was administered to the participants to screen out the data according to the criteria of
research. Participants were required to make choice on am I co-dependent scale and relationship satisfaction
survey according to their personality. SPSS 17.0 was used for analysing, organizing, and interpreting the data.
Firstly descriptive statistics was used to calculate the frequency and percentage to describe the socio
demographic variables. Correlation was used to find out the relationship of codependency and interpersonal
satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuse. Regression was applied to predict the relationship of the variables
of denial, self- esteem, compliance and control with interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser.
Additionally correlation was used to find out the relationship of relationship satisfaction with stress, problem in
communication, problem in conflict resolution, problem in relation intimacy, emotional reactivity and
boundaries.
V. Results and Discussion
Table 2: Correlation between codependency and interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser
(N= 70)
Variables Sig (2- Tailed) N r
Co-dependency
Interpersonal satisfaction
.000
.000
70
70
.678**
.678**
**p < 0.01
Table 3: Regression analysis for variables predicting denial and self -esteem among the spouse of alcohol
abuser (N=70)
Predicator variables Beta SE B β p
Denial
(Low) Self-esteem
1.92
1.37
5.97
4.17
.346
.354
.002
.002
R² = .340, ΔR² = .320, p < .05
5. Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 90 | Page
Table 4: Regression analysis for variables predicting compliance and control among the spouse of alcohol
abuser (N=70)
Predicator
variables
Beta SE B β p*
Control
Compliance
1.17
1.72
.479
.452
.270
.421
.017
.000
R² = .353, ΔR² = .335, p < .05
It was hypothesized that there is significant relationship between codependency ad interpersonal
satisfactions among spouse of alcohol abuser. It was hypothesized that higher the denial, self- esteem, control
and compliance will predict lower interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. Correlation was
used to find out the relationship of codependency and interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser.
Regression was applied to prediction the variables of denial, self- esteem, compliance and control with
interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. The results (Table 2) indicated that there is positive
significance correlation between codependency and interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser [r
= .678**, p < .01]. Thereby it is proven the main hypothesis that there is significant relationship between
codependency and interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. Results (Table 3) shows that
denial (p = .002, < .05) and self- esteem (p = .002, < .05) are the significant predictor of interpersonal
satisfaction. There by proven the second main hypothesis that higher the scores on denial and self -esteem,
lower will be interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. Results (Table 4) shows that
compliance (p = .017, < .05) and control (p = .000, < .05) are the significant predictor of interpersonal
satisfaction. There by proven the third main hypothesis that higher the scores on compliance and control, lower
will be interpersonal relationship among spouse of alcohol abuser.
Results of the present study show that there is significant relationship between codependency and
interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser as well as higher the denial, self-esteem, compliance
and control, lower the interpersonal satisfaction among spouse of alcohol abuser. The result is consistent with
previous studies which suggested that spouses under the influence of codependent person tend to act more
aggressively and to cover up their inner feelings or to deny the reality.[24]
The results are also consistent with
previous studies which suggested that the wives of alcoholics as a group had higher levels of conflict, perceived
more danger and experienced more apprehension in relating with their spouses.[24, 25]
Coleman and Straus,
finding suggested that alcohol abuse is associated with violence in the husband-wife relationship.[19]
The result
is in according with pervious study suggested that alcoholism also has negative effects on the spouse of an
alcoholic.[26]
The spouse may have psychological problems i.e; feelings of hatred, self-pity, and avoidance of
social contacts. All these factors lead towards the development of low self- esteem. Present study proven the
previous researches which result showed that women whose partners had alcohol problems experienced
victimization, injury, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and being in fair or poor health.[27]
They also
experienced more life stressors and had lower mental psychological quality-of-life scores then normal couples.
As for as compliance is concerned, spouse of alcoholics not only face psychological problems but they also
comply with their mood fluctuation. Additionally have labile personality and they have to comply with their
demand. Present study proven the previous researches which result showed that women whose partners had
alcohol problems experienced victimization, injury, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and being in fair or poor
health.[27]
They also experienced more life stressors and had lower mental psychological quality-of-life scores
then normal couples.
VI. Conclusion
Present study has some limitations like small sample size, non-probability sampling technique and less
opportunities of self-help groups for families from treatment centres. For future study other family members
e.g., children, parents and sibling can be included to study the vast effects of co-dependency and relational
problems on family members. Professional engage in the treatment of drug addicts and family members of drug
addicts can be benefited by the findings. Results provide evidence to necessary inclusion of family therapy in
any drug treatment program to deal with relational problems.
Acknowledgements
I am thankful to the authors for giving me permission to use the concerned scales for the purpose of
data collection. I would like to thank the Drug treatment centers who gave me permission to collect data from
their hospitals. I am also grateful to the participants to be the part of this study.
6. Co-dependency and Relationship Satisfaction among Spouses of Alcohol Abusers
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20128691 www.iosrjournals.org 91 | Page
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