The document discusses several risk factors for alcoholism and drug addiction. Some key risk factors include starting alcohol or drug use during adolescence, having a family history of substance abuse or experiencing abuse as a child, and having certain psychiatric or behavioral disorders. Adolescents who begin drinking or using drugs are much more likely to develop an addiction compared to those who begin later. Those with a family history of substance abuse or a personal history of abuse or neglect are also at higher risk. Certain psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and ADHD can increase one's risk as well. Race and gender can also influence risk levels, though biological and cultural factors affecting risk among groups are not fully understood.
Modern medicine includes many different diagnosis methods and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Diagnosis represents more and more interest, as timely identification of psychoneurological disorders contributes to the rapid recovery
Modern medicine includes many different diagnosis methods and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Diagnosis represents more and more interest, as timely identification of psychoneurological disorders contributes to the rapid recovery
A presentation developed through collaboration between the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library and Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, MI. This work is discussed in more detail in "Synergism between a Teacher and Librarians in a High School Setting" by Merle Rosenzweig, Anna Ercoli Schnitzer, and Katy Mahraj.
When people think of the word “alcoholic,” they generally come up with the image of a middle-aged man, divorced or facing divorce, probably also a smoker or illicit drug user. However, a study in 2001-2002 found that contrary to many people’s preconceptions, alcoholism takes on more varied forms and often starts young, around or before turning 20. Although alcoholism can develop differently, there are 5 main categories that individuals with alcoholism generally fall into. Learn about the characteristics of each group through this slide show. For more information about alcoholism recovery for anyone struggling with an alcohol addiction, contact an admissions counselor at Pyramid Healthcare: 1-888-694-9996.
The Impact of Alcohol on Self-harm and Suicide in Ireland - New Insights.AlcoholActionIreland
Prof Ella Arensman's presentation about the impact of alcohol on self-harm and suicide in Ireland, providing new insights from recently collected data. Prof Arensman is Director of Research with the National Suicide Research Foundation and Adjunct Professor with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Alcohol can react with different medicines and drugs in different ways, such as increasing the sedating effect of sleeping tablets and opiate-based pain relief
http://www.yellowstonerecovery.com/treatment-options.aspx | When a family member grapples with addiction, it affects the whole family. Learn how genetics and environment play a role in alcoholism. Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation can help alcoholics and their families cope.
A presentation developed through collaboration between the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library and Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, MI. This work is discussed in more detail in "Synergism between a Teacher and Librarians in a High School Setting" by Merle Rosenzweig, Anna Ercoli Schnitzer, and Katy Mahraj.
When people think of the word “alcoholic,” they generally come up with the image of a middle-aged man, divorced or facing divorce, probably also a smoker or illicit drug user. However, a study in 2001-2002 found that contrary to many people’s preconceptions, alcoholism takes on more varied forms and often starts young, around or before turning 20. Although alcoholism can develop differently, there are 5 main categories that individuals with alcoholism generally fall into. Learn about the characteristics of each group through this slide show. For more information about alcoholism recovery for anyone struggling with an alcohol addiction, contact an admissions counselor at Pyramid Healthcare: 1-888-694-9996.
The Impact of Alcohol on Self-harm and Suicide in Ireland - New Insights.AlcoholActionIreland
Prof Ella Arensman's presentation about the impact of alcohol on self-harm and suicide in Ireland, providing new insights from recently collected data. Prof Arensman is Director of Research with the National Suicide Research Foundation and Adjunct Professor with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Alcohol can react with different medicines and drugs in different ways, such as increasing the sedating effect of sleeping tablets and opiate-based pain relief
http://www.yellowstonerecovery.com/treatment-options.aspx | When a family member grapples with addiction, it affects the whole family. Learn how genetics and environment play a role in alcoholism. Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation can help alcoholics and their families cope.
As a psychiatrist experienced in inpatient settings, Dr. Elliot Gruen has treated patients for a wide variety of mental illnesses. Dr. Elliot Gruen has served with St. Mary's Regional Medical Center in Lewiston, Maine, for more than 30 years, in the course of which he has cared for patients in the substance abuse unit as well as for those in the adult and inpatient wards.
Lecture 10 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on the Monitoring the Future.
Part of a 12 part series of courses at AllCEUs.com resulting in the receipt of a certificate in eating disorders counseling. Addresses bulimia, binge eating, anorexia, obesity. Uses The Body Betrayed by Zerbe and Brief Therapy with Eating Disorders by McDonald in addition to Dr. Snipes clinical experiences.
2.1.7 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Federation:
What Works? Services for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women with Co-occurring Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Issues
Alcoholism & Narcotic Addiction – a growing menace,Causes of Alcoholism & Narcotic Addiction ,Effects of Alcoholism,Effects of Narcotic Addiction,
The real cost of Alcoholism & Narcotic Addiction
What connects BMW’s ultimate driving machines and IoT? Take a look at what went down at HARMAN’s Connected Services’ event, at a BMW performance track and understand how Data, Device and Design; the three key dimensions of disruption are revolutionizing different industries.
Substance abuse and addiction during adulthoodLydia Betsy
Definition of substance abuse, addiction and adulthood. Various stages of addiction, how one can overcome addiction and substance abuse, substance abuse and addiction across adulthood years. Effect on the mental health of an individual support with research studies.
How did we get here the evolving epidemic of addictive disease in the united ...Mrsunny4
The opioid crisis in the US is part of the larger epidemic of Substance Use Disorder, an equal opportunity brain disease, affecting over 40 million children, teens and adults. Addiction does not respect age, gender, ethnicity, income or zip code
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. INTRODUCTION
According to the U.S. National Institute of Alcohol
Abuse and Alcoholism, about 70% of American adults
always drink at low-risk levels or do not drink at all.
35% of Americans do not consume alcohol. Also,
about 28% of American adults drink at levels that put
them at risk for alcohol dependence and alcoholrelated problems.
In 2010, there was an estimated 22.6 million
Americans over the age of 12 that were current or
former illicit drug users, and used within the last 30
days. This equates to about 8.9% of the population aged
12 or older. The most commonly abused drug (other than
alcohol) in the United States by individuals over the age of
12 is Marijuana, followed by prescription painkillers,
cocaine and hallucinogens.
The risk factors for alcohol dependence & drug
addiction include the following:
AGE (ADOLESCENCE & ELDERLY)
GENDER
FAMILY HISTORY & ABUSE
RACE & ETHNICITY
PSYCHIATRIC & BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
3. AGE (ADOLESCENCE)
Anyone who begins drinking or using drugs in adolescence is at risk for developing an addiction. The earlier a person
begins, the greater the risk.
•
About 50% of under-age Americans have used alcohol.
•
About 2 million people ages 12 - 20 are considered heavy
drinkers, and 4.4 million are binge drinkers.
•
A survey of over 40,000 adults indicated that among those
who began drinking before age 14, nearly half had
become alcoholic dependent by the age of 21. In
contrast, only 9% of people who began drinking after the
age of 21 developed alcoholism.
•
In 2009, 10% of youth aged 12 to 17 were current illicit
drug users.
•
In 2010, almost 3% of 12th graders had used cocaine in
the past year, 8% had used the opiate Vicodin, 5% had
used inhalants, nearly 5% had used "Ecstasy," and
about 1.5% had used anabolic steroids.
4. AGE (ELDERLY)
Although alcoholism usually develops in early adulthood, the elderly are not exempt. In fact, doctors may
overlook alcoholism when evaluating elderly patients, mistakenly attributing the signs of alcohol abuse to the
normal effects of the aging process.
Recent census data estimates that nearly 35 million people in the United States are 65 years or older.
Substance abuse among those 60 years and older (including misuse of prescription drugs)
currently affects about 17 percent of this population. By 2020, the number of older adults with
substance abuse problems is expected to double.
5. GENDER
The rates of drug abuse are currently lower in women than in men. Nevertheless, the number of women using and abusing
prescription and illegal drugs is on the rise. Adult men are 2 to 3 times more likely than women to have a drug
abuse/dependence disorder, but this current gender difference may reflect differences in opportunity, rather than
vulnerability to drug use. In 2010, as in prior years, the rate of illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older was
11.2% for males and 6.8% for females.
Most alcoholics are men, but the incidence of
alcoholism in women has been increasing over the
past 30 years. According to the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control, about 17% of men and 8% of
women meet criteria for alcohol dependence at
some point in their lives.
Studies suggest that women are more vulnerable
than men to many of the long-term consequences
of alcoholism. Women are more likely than men to
develop alcoholic hepatitis and to die from cirrhosis,
and women are more vulnerable to the brain cell
damage caused by alcohol.
6. FAMILY HISTORY & ABUSE
Such adolescent users are also
more apt to underestimate the
effects of drinking and using drugs
and may make judgment errors.
Individuals who were abused as
children have a higher risk for
substance abuse later in life.
People at highest risk for early
drinking or drug use are those with
a history of abuse, family violence,
depression, and stressful life
events. People with a family
history of alcoholism and drug
addiction are also more likely to
begin using before the age of 20
and to become addicted.
In one study, 72% of women
and 27% of men with substance
abuse disorders reported
physical or sexual abuse
or both. They also had worse
response to treatment than
those without such a history.
7. RACE/ETHNICITY
Overall, there is no difference in alcoholic
prevalence among African-Americans,
Caucasians, and Hispanic-Americans. Some
population groups, however, such as Native
Americans, have an increased incidence of
alcoholism while others, such as Jewish and
Asian Americans, have a lower risk.
Although the biological or cultural causes of
such different risks are not known, certain
people in these population groups may have
a genetic susceptibility or invulnerability to
alcoholism because of the way they
metabolize alcohol.
2012 Rate of Substance Abuse
(ages 12 or older)
American Indians/Alaska Natives
21.8%
Two or More Races
10.1%
African Americans
8.9%
Hispanics
8.8%
Whites
8.7%
Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders
Asians
0.0%
5.4%
3.2%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
8. BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
Studies indicate that substance abuse is strongly related to impulsive, excitable, and novelty-seeking behavior, and
such patterns are established early on. Specifically, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
a condition that shares these behaviors, have a higher risk for substance abuse in adulthood. The risk is
especially high in children with ADHD and conduct disorder.
9. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Psychiatric problems can begin either before or after the onset
of the addiction. In many cases, alcohol or addiction leads to
psychiatric symptoms. 37% of alcohol abusers and 53% of
drug abusers also have at least one serious mental illness.
Severely depressed or anxious people are at high risk for
alcoholism, smoking, and other forms of addiction. Likewise,
a large proportion of alcohol-dependent people suffer from an
accompanying psychiatric or substance abuse disorder. Either
anxiety or depression may increase the risk for self-medication
with alcohol.
Depression is the most common psychiatric problem in
people with alcoholism or substance abuse. Alcohol abuse is
very common in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Long-term alcoholism itself may cause chemical changes that
produce anxiety and depression. It is not always clear, then,
whether people with emotional disorders are self-medicating
with alcohol, or whether alcohol itself is producing mood swings.