This document discusses code switching between different social classes. It aims to study the differences in language switching between upper and middle class girls in conversations. A questionnaire was used to collect data from upper class girls attending college and middle class girls attending primary school. The study found that middle class girls showed moderate confidence in speaking English but were not perfect, while the upper class girls did less switching between languages compared to the lower class.

1. Language and class
Submitted to:-
Mama kalsoom
Submitted by:-
Saira firdous (12)
Maria Jabeen (28)

2. ABSTRACT
 Code Switching usually occurs in bilingual societies.
 The sociolinguistics aspect of Code Switching
involves various factors including social class,
prestige, and education system and determines the
reasons of Code Switching because of socio cultural
environment.
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3.  The study was an effort to measure language of
different class’s view about which class do more
switching in conversation in English
 The data for the study was collected from higher
class girl and middle class girl through a
Questionnaire.

4.  The middle class shows a moderate confident to
speak, but not perfect.

5. INTRODUCTION
 Sociolinguistic is the study of the characteristic of
language verities the characteristic of their function
and the characteristic of their speakers as these three
constantly interact, change and change one another
both within and between speech communities.

6.  This research will examine in detail a difference in
switching from one language to another in upper and
middle class.
 Language and society influencing each other. No
relationship between language and society Language
affecting society.
 In this research the social factor “LANGUAGE AND
CLASS would be analyzed in detailed with reference
to relationship with language

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
 The study is significant from these points of view
that:
a) It provides useful information about causes of
switching
b) It provides data about switching words and
sentences in social classes
c) It provides use full information about social class
language switching

8. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
 Relationship between class and language
 To evaluate social class switching in using language.
 Language effect class when any one speaks we can
think of him what level he/she have in a society.
Language presents the social class of person.

9.  Hypothesis
Upper class girls do less switching as compare to
lower class

10.  Delimitation
a) Upper class girl studied from fazaia inter college
Jinnah camp and she had completed her graduation
now she is teaching in the same school and a lower
class girl studied from Mashel.i.ilm and she is
teaching in the primary school.
b) It was delimited just to study their language so that
we can conclude that upper class or lower class does
more switching

11. LITRATURE REVIEW
 1 Language
“Language a cultural, not a biologically inherited,
function. Futility of interjectional and sound-imitative
theories of the origin of speech. The
psycho-physical basis of speech. Edward
Sapir (1884–1939). Language: An Introduction to
the Study of Speech”. (p2) 1921
 2.2 Society

12.  A society, or a human society, is a group of people
involved with each other through persistent relations,
or a large social grouping sharing the same
geographical or social territory, subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural
expectations. Human societies are characterized by
patterns of relationships between individuals who
share a distinctive culture and institutions”. Briggs,
As a (2000, 2nd Edition). The Age of Improvement.
Longman. p. 9.

13.  Language and society
 2.3.1 Sociolinguistic
 Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect
of any and all aspects of society, including
cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way
language is used, and the effects of language use on
society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of
language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the
effect of the society on the language, while the
sociology of language focuses on language's effect on
the society.

14. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree
with pragmatics. It is historically closely related
to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the
two fields has even been questioned recently. John j
jumpers Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(4), 2008: 532–545
(American linguist William Labor has called
sociolinguistics secular linguistics, "in reaction to the
contention among many linguists working in a broadly
Chomsky and framework that language can be
dissociated from its social functions" (Key Thinkers in
Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language, 2005).

15.  Sociology
Humans act according to rules, and if they attempt to
evaluate or modify these rules it is only in with the
tools of collective conscience, i.e. the individual is a
body only. This goes way beyond the familiar nature-vs.-
culture debate; it is saying that not only is it
strictly culture (which I would tend to agree with) but
that this culture cannot be "personalized", or
analyzed on an individual basis. In fact, the very idea
of thought changes meaning. Emilee Durkheim
birth of sociology (p 10)

16.  Language and class
code switching
A verbal component that can be as small as
morpheme or as comprehensive and complex as an
entire system of language is called code and shifting
from one language to another language is called
switching.

17. Types of switching
According to function
 Conversational code switching
 Situational code switching
According to structure
 Intra sentential